Tutorial 4: Q4 When dealing with two-way ANOVA we have two independent variables, in this case: Form number (variable

1) and Individual person (variable 2). We also have one dependent variable, time take to complete the form. Our main variable of interest in this case is our Form type (the question asks which form is superior). We know also however, that the time taken to complete the form will be effected by (will dependent on) the proficiency of the person filling out the form (for instance person 3 may be an accountant they appear to have substantially reduced times). We want to account for the effect of personal proficiency, so that we can BLOCK it and just look at which form is superior. Treatment variable Individual 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Form 1 109 98 29 93 62 103 83 122 92 107 Form 2 115 103 27 95 65 107 82 119 101 113 Form 3 126 107 53 103 67 111 101 141 105 127 Form 4 120 108 38 109 64 128 116 143 108 113

Blocking variable

ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F Rows (Blocking) ******* (SSR) ** (n-1) ******* (MSR) ****** (MSR/MSE) Columns (Treatment) 27639.53 (SSC) ** (C-1) ******* (MSC) ******* (MSC/MSE) Error 1025.175 (SSE) ** (C-1)(n-1) ******* (MSE) Total 30437.78 (SST) ** (N-1) Where: SST = total sum of squares, Given SSC = sum of squares columns (treatment), Given SSR = sum of squares rows (blocking) SSR = SST SSE SSC = 1773.075 SSE = sum of squares error, Given C = number of treatment levels in our case, 4 forms (4 treatment levels), C = 4 n = number of block levels in our case, 10 individuals (10 blocking levels). n = 10 N = total sample size 4 x 10 = 40, N = 40 ANOVA Source of Variation Rows (Blocking) Columns (Treatment) Error Total

SS 27639.53 (SSC) 1773.075 (SSR) 1025.175 (SSE) 30437.78 (SST)

df 9 = (10-1) 3 = (4-1) 27 = (4-)(10-1) 39 = (40-1)

MS (MSR) (MSC) (MSE)

F (MSR/MSE) (MSC/MSE)

Hypothesis Test: Two do two hypothesis tests simultaneously!!! One for treatment and one for blocking! TREATMENT BLOCKING Step 1: State Hypothesis (no treatment effect is present) (treatment effect) (at least one of the forms is superior to the others) Step 2: Decision Rule (always upper-tail F-test) Reject H0 if Fcalc > F(C-1,(C-1)(n-1)) > F0.01 ((4-1),(4-1)(10-1)) > F0.01 ((3),27)= 4.46 Step 3: Calculate Test Statistic Fcalc = MSC/MSE = 15.57 Step 4: Decision: Reject H0 as Fcalc > Fcrit Step 5: Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence at the 1% level
of significance to conclude that at least one of the forms has a mean completion time that is different to the others. (i.e. there are treatment effects present).

Step 1: State Hypothesis (no blocking effects) (blocking effects) (at least one person has a different mean test time to the others) Step 2: Decision Rule (always upper-tail F-test) Reject H0 if Fcalc > F(n-1,(C-1)(n-1)) > F0.01 ((10-1),(4-1)(10-1)) > F0.01 ((9),27)= 3.15 Step 3: Calculate Test Statistic Fcalc = MSR/MSE = 80.88 Step 4: Decision: Reject H0 as Fcalc > Fcrit Step 5: Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence at the 1%
level of significance to conclude that at least one of the people has a mean completion time that is different to the others (i.e. there are blocking effects).