HIGHWAY MISHAP POSITIONING SYSTEM (HMPS)

Department of Electronics & Telematics Engineering

G.Narayanamma Institute of Technology & Science (For Women)

(ISO Certified & NBA Accredited Institution)

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, A.P.)

Shaikpet, Hyderabad-500008, A.P., INDIA

May, 2010.

HIGHWAY MISHAP POSITIONING SYSTEM (HMPS)

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND TELEMATICS ENGINEERING BY

Department of Electronics & Telematics Engineering

G.Narayanamma Institute of Technology & Science (For Women)

(ISO Certified & NBA Accredited Institution)

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, A.P.) Shaikpet, Hyderabad-500008, A.P., INDIA

May, 2010.

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Department of Electronics & Telematics Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Date: 3, May 2010 This is to certify that the project work entitled Highway Mishap Positioning System is a bonafide work carried out by

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS & TELEMATICS ENGINEERING by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Hyderabad during the academic year 2009-10. The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma. Internal Guide Assistant Professor Dept. of ECE GNITS External Examiner Head of Department M.Tech (PhD) MIEEE/MISTE, MIETE Dept. of ECE GNITS

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Institute certificate

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Acknowledgement
The austerity and satisfaction that one gets on completing a project cannot be fulfilled without mentioning the people who made it possible with gratitude. We express our deep sense of gratitude towards our internal guide, project and encouraging us towards the completion of project. We thank, Senior Software Engineer, Pantech Embedded Technologies Pvt. Ltd., for his constant support through out the project. We also express our thanks to, Assoc. Prof. of Electronics and Telematics Engineering, for his suggestions throughout. We express our deep sense of gratitude towards our, Head of Department of Electronics and Telematics Engineering, for his guidance towards the completion of project. We also render our thanks to, Principal, GNITS for providing us with the opportunity and facilities required to accomplish our project. Our sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff of ETM Department, GNITS, for all the facilities provided, without which we could not have progressed with our work. Many thanks to our parents who have been a great source of strength all through this work and to our friends whose support was very valuable in completion of the work. , Asst. Prof.

of Electronics and Telematics Engineering, for showering his guidance in formulating our

Abstract
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Automatic Crash Notification is a system designed to be used in a crash situation. When a crash occurs, the intelligent system is activated and automatically sends crash details to the appropriate Emergency Medical Service Center. The position of the vehicle can be send to the rescue team using gps technology. So the rescue team can easily find out the place of accident and they can hurry to the accident spot. Wireless technology is used for collecting details about the person. According, to the collected details first-aid facilities are promptly and properly delivered to help the victims. Moreover, it would be a great advantage to include information about the passengers, such as the details of the persons health, mobile no, any specified prescription for his first aid, relatives phone no in the RFID tag in order to tackle the emergency situation. The project focuses on implementation of Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID) to improve the Crash Notification System with First-Aid Profile (FAP). First-aid active RFID tag is pre-coded with a unique serial number (FAP-ID) that can be used to gain access to the First-Aid profile of that tagged person. Compatible reader detects the presence of First-aid tags and reports their FAP-IDs to the control unit, so that in crash situation, all passengers FAP-IDs will be messaged to Emergency Medical Service Center. During the project, the possibilities and constraints of using RFID technology for identifying passengers in vehicle is investigated, based on given hardware technological solution. Several tests are designed and carried out to investigate communication between the active RFID tag and the reader.

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

CERTIFICATE FROM ETM DEPARTMENT CERTIFICATE FROM ORGANIZATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv vi iv

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.5.1 Hardware Tools 1.5.2 Software Tools 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Aim Motivation Methodology Hardware and Software Requirements Organization of the Report 3 5 6 5 2 2 2 5

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 2.1 2.2 2.3 CHAPTER 3: MICROCONTROLLER vii Introduction Characteristics Overview of Embedded System architecture 8 8 9

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

Overview Features of 8051 Microcontroller Pin Description Input/Output Ports Oscillator Characteristics Memory Organisation Dallas Microcontroller 3.7.1 Introduction to Dallas 3.7.2 Architecture 3.7.3 Memory Organization

14 15 16 18 22 24 27 27 28 33

CHAPTERS 4: ZIGBEE, GSM & GPS 4.1 36 4.1.2 Definition 37 4.1.3 Overview 37 4.1.4 Features/Benefits 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Pin Diagram of Xbee Zigbee Nodes 4.3.1 Modes of Operation Advantages Disadvantages Applications GSM Modem 4.7.1 AT Commands GPS Module 40 41 42 44 45 46 46 47 47 48 viii Introduction 36 4.1.1 History

4.8.1 Determining a Position on a Plane

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CHAPTER 5: HARDWARE MODULES 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Transmitter 5.1.2. Receiver 5.2 Transmit and Receive operations 5.2.1 Generating data 5.2.2 Receiver data output 5.2.3 Decoding Data 55 5.2.4 Transmitting and Receiving 5.3 5.4 Antennas-Wire Whip Encoder and Decoder 5.4.1 HT12E - 212 Series of Encoders 5.4.2 Block Diagram Of Encoder 5.4.3 HT-12D Decoder 5.5 Introduction to Null Modem 5.5.1 Original Use of RS232 5.5.2 Null Modem without Handshaking 5.5.3 Compatibility Issues 5.6 5.7 Introduction to MAX 232 Vibrating Sensor Features 5.7.1 Technical Information 5.7.2 Vibrating Sensor Application 5.8 Introduction to LCD 5.8.1 Features 5.8.2 Pin Configuration of LCD 55 55 58 58 59 61 62 64 65 65 66 68 69 70 70 71 71 ix 52 52 54 54 54 54

5.8.3 Basic Commands of LCD 5.8.4 LCD Pin Details 5.9 Power Supply Module 5.9.1 Block Diagram of Power Supply 5.9.2 Description 5.9.3 Operation CHAPTER 6: SOFTWARE TOOLS 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 CHAPTER 7: CIRCUTARY OF PROJECT AND FLOW CHART 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 CHAPTER 8: TESTING, RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND APPLICATIONS 8.1 Testing & Results 8.1.1 Checking the Power Supply 8.1.2 Testing GSM Module 8.1.3 Troubleshooting 8.1.4 Results 8.2 Conclusion Person Section Rescue Team Section Vehicle Section Flow Chart for Vehicle Section Flow Chart for Salvage Section Keil Software 6.1.1 Keil IDE Orcad-PCB Design Flash Programmer Embeded C 81 81 78

72 73 74 75 75

82 84 86

88 88 89 90 90

92 92 92 93 93 94 x

8.3 8.4

Applications Merits

94 94 95

REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.4(a) 4 Figure 1.4(c) Figure 1.4(d) Figure 2.3(a) Figure2.3 (b) Figure 2.4(a) Fig 3.1(a) Figure 3.3(a) Figure 3.5(a) Figure 3.6(a) Figure 3.7(a) Figure 3.7(b) Figure 3.7(c) Block diagram of Salvage section Block diagram of Hospital Section Layered architecture of embedded systems Embedded system architecture Embedded Product Development Life Cycle Microcontroller Block Diagram Pin Diagram Microcontroller logic symbol 8051 Clock Program Memory Internal Data Memory Lower 128 Bytes of Internal RAM 5 9 10 12 14 16 22 23 25 26 27 34 39 39 40 41 41 xi 4 Block diagram of Person Section Block diagram of vehicle section 3 Figure 1.4(b)

Figure 3.7.3(a) Memory map of Dallas Microcontroller Figure 4.1.3(a) Zigbee network with internet/Ethernet Figure 4.1.3(b) Personal Area Network Figure 4.1.3(c) Zigbee nodes connected to a PC Figure 4.2(a) Pin Diagram Figure 4.2(b) Working model of Zigbee

Figure 4.3(a) Figure 4.3(b) Figure 4.3.1(a) Figure 4.3.1(b) Figure 4.8(a) Figure 4.8.1(a) Figure 4.8.1(b)

An example of a Zigbee Network Topologies supported by Zigbee Beacon Network Communication Non-Beacon Network Communication The basic function of GPS Receiver position Determining Position Receiver Module Transmitter Module TWS-434 Pin Diagram Transmitter Application Circuit Pin Out Diagram Antenna Block Diagram Pin Diagram Block Diagram Pin Diagram Circuit Diagram Of Serial Communication Simple null modem without handshaking Pin Diagram Of Max 232 Circuit Diagram Logic Diagram vibration sensor Pin Configuration of LCD 5 X 7 DOT MATRIX LCD interfacing with microcontroller Block Diagram of Power Supply Power Supply Unit generating 5V Transformer 65

43 44 44 45 48 49 50 52 52 53 53

Figure 5.1(a) Figure 5.1(b) Figure 5.1.1(a) Figure 5.1.1(b) Figure 5.1.2(a) 54 Figure 5.3(a) Figure 5.4.2(a) Figure 5.4.2(b) Figure 5.4.3(a) Figure 5.4.3(b) Figure 5.5(a) Figure 5.5.2(a) Figure 5.6(a) 67 Figure 5.6(b) Figure 5.6(c) Figure 5.7(a) Figure 5.8.2(a) Figure 5.8.3(a) Figure 5.8.4(a) Figure 5.9.1(a) Figure 5.9.1(b) Figure 5.9.2(a) Figure 5.9.2(c) Figure 6.1.1(a)

55 59 59 61 61 63

67 68 69 71 73 74 75 75 76 77 77 82 xii

Figure 5.9.2(b) LM7805C Voltage Regulator IC Voltage Conversion Circuit Screen shot for KEIL IDE

Figure 6.2(a) Figure 6.2(b) Figure 6.3(a) Fig 7.1(a) Fig 7.2(a) Fig 7.3(a)

Screen shot for ORCAD PCB design Layout for ORCAD PCB Design Screen shot for Flash Programmer Person Section Rescue Team Section Vehicle Section 85

83 84 88 88 89

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.3(a) Table 5.3(a) Table 5.4.2(a) Table 5.5.2(a) Table 5.6(a)

Differences between FFDS and RFDS Specifications of RF Module Pin description Of Encoder & Decoder Simple null modem without handshaking Pin Description of Max 232

42 57 60 65 66

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PCA Principle Component Analysis GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GPS Global Positioning System VB Visual Basic CPU Central Processing Unit P Micro Processor C Micro Controller RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer DSP - Digital Signal Processor EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory USART - Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter ADC Analog to Digital Converter DAC - Digital to Analog Converter USB - Universal Serial Bus RS Recommended Standard FDS - Face Detection Subsystem MMS Multimedia Messaging Service SMS Short Message Service xiv

SIM Subscriber Identity Module MIPS Million Instructions Per Second SRAM Static Random Access Memory EMI - Electromagnetic Interference Reduction SFR Special Function Registers

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