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Code No: RR311004 Set No.

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) A flow head equation has the equation q = hn . Calculate the resistance.
(b) A liquid storage device is spherical in shape. Calculate the capacitance as a
function of head.
(c) If the outflow at a vessel is proportional to the square root of head, what shape
vessel results in
i. a steady change in head
ii. a rate of change of head proportional to head? [4+4+8]

2. (a) Differentiate between a non-interacting system and an interacting system.


(b) Give one example each for non-interacting system and interacting system.
(c) Derive the transfer functions for the above two systems and discuss how they
differ. [3+2+11]

3. (a) Explain with a neat sketch depicting the error vs controller output, the prin-
ciple of a proportional controller action.
(b) With an example, explain how offset error in proportional controller occurs.
Suggest a way to overcome the offset error. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain with a neat sketch, the working principle of a displacement type pneu-
matic proportional controller. Discuss the effect of adding the negative feed-
back.
(b) With necessary diagrams, describe a hydraulic integral controller. Explain
how integral time can be adjusted. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the following terms as applicable to system evaluation with necessary
graphs.
i. Stability
ii. measure of quality .
(b) Discuss the quarter - amplitude criterion to evaluate the response. [8+8]

6. (a) Give the principle of the control valve and give its O/P equation.
(b) A pressure difference of 1.5 psi occurs across a constriction in a 4 cm diameter
pipe. The constriction constant is 0.008 w3 /s/(kPa)1/2 . Find
i. the flow rate in m3 /sec.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 1
ii. flow velocity in m/sec. [8+8]

7. (a) Briefly explain valve sizing.


(b) A fully open valve passes 200gpm of water at a pressure differential of 10.0psi
calculate valve sizing. [8+8]

8. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of feed forward and feed back
control systems. Why does the addition of feed back control improves the perfor-
mance of the feed forward system. [16]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Find the transfer functions H2 (S)/Q(S) for the three tank system shown below
figure1ain which H2 , H3 and Q are deviation variables.

Figure 1a
(b) Find the transfer function H3 (S)/Q(S) for the same system.
(c) Comment technically on the arrangement of tanks 1 and 2. How is it differed
from the arrangement of tank 2 and 3? [7+6+3]

2. (a) Is the Thermometer Bulb and well arrangement a non-interacting system?


Justify your answer.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer function for
Thermometer bulb and well arrangement. [6+10]

3. (a) Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of the proportional, integral


and derivative control actions.
(b) Discuss the characteristic effects of a proportional controller on the closed loop
response of a process. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail, the realization of proportional-integral action with the aid
of bellows, flapper-nozzle etc.
(b) Draw a three mode electronic controller and derive the expression for the
output voltage. [8+8]

5. (a) What is meant by process tuning and list the various methods of tuning of
PID parameters.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 2
(b) Discuss process reaction method for control loop tuning. [8+8]

6. (a) A quick - opening valve mover from closed to maximum open with 5 turns of
a shaft. The shaft is driven through a 10:1 reducer from a stepping motor of
30 per step. If the maximum input pulse rate to the motor is 250 steps / sec,
find the fastest time for the vale to move from closed to open.
(b) Differentiate pneumatic - electric and hydraulic actuators. [6+10]

7. (a) Give the schematic of single seated and double seated valves.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of single seated and double seated
valves. [8+8]

8. (a) State the necessity of split range control for a process.


(b) Explain the principles of split range control for multiple inputs by taking
simple examples. [8+8]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the different types of process variables?


(b) Name all the variables of a liquid heating tank heated by electric current in
an electric heater.
(c) Define “Degrees of freedom” and bring out its importance in process control.
[6+4+6]

2. (a) Define self regulation ?


(b) Explain how self and non self regulated systems operate for step input with
examples. [5+11]

3. (a) What is meant by differential gap and how it is related to the performance of
the final control element?
(b) Define proportional band. Explain the relation between proportional gain,
proportional band and offset error.
(c) With a neat sketch explain the integral controller mode action. Summarize
the characteristics. [5+5+6]

4. (a) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the realization of an electronic two posi-
tion controller with adjustable neutral zone.
(b) Design an electronic proportional controllers for (0-12v) error input, 10%
proportional band and 50% zero error controller output. [8+8]

5. (a) What is meant by process tuning and list the various methods of tuning of
PID parameters.
(b) Discuss process reaction method for control loop tuning. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the baffle - Nozzle system with the help of its characteristic curves.
(b) Explain the pneumatic booster and what is its need.
(c) Differentiate between direct and reverse action final control operation.[6+6+4]

7. (a) Briefly explain valve sizing.


(b) A fully open valve passes 200gpm of water at a pressure differential of 10.0psi
calculate valve sizing. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the nature of multivariable system.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 3
(b) Explain “Notation ” and “Interaction” used in multivariable system.
[8+8]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A pressure vessel connected as shown below figure1 has a supply pressure u1 of 45


psig, a vessel pressure of 15 psig, and an air to atmosphere. The average flow rate
is 1 pounds per minute and the vessel volume is 0.3 cubic metre.

Figure 1
(a) Calculate the time constant.
(b) Derive and calculate the system function. [6+10]

2. (a) Give one example for non-interacting first order elements in series.
(b) Write the differential equation for this combination and determine the transfer
function.
(c) Comment on the transfer function. [3+10+3]

3. (a) Discuss the effects of an integral controller on the closed loop response of first
order process.
(b) With neat sketches, explain the principle of derivative control action. Sum-
marize its characteristics. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail, the realization of proportional-integral action with the aid
of bellows, flapper-nozzle etc.
(b) Draw a three mode electronic controller and derive the expression for the
output voltage. [8+8]

5. (a) What is a optimum - tuning control? What are its different approaches?
(b) How are the interactions in control being channelized to optimize the control
action in a boiler? [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the principle of hydraulic actuator.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 4
(b) Explain a hydraulic servo system. [8+8]

7. (a) Briefly explain valve sizing.


(b) A fully open valve passes 200gpm of water at a pressure differential of 10.0psi
calculate valve sizing. [8+8]

8. Explain feed forward control for the following

(a) Heat exchangers


(b) Drum boiler
(c) Distillation column. [5+5+6]

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