Code No: RR212101 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the terms,‘T otalP ressure′ , and centre of pressure?. Show that the
centre of pressure and centroid coincide for a horizontally submerged plane
surface.
(b) The pressure at the centre of a pipe of diameter 3m is 30 N/cm2 . The pipe
contains oil of specific gravity 0.87 and is fitted with a gate valve. Find the
force exerted by the oil on the gate and position of centre of pressure. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the continuity equation for 3-D fluid flow.

(b) A fluid flow field is given by
V = xyi + 2yzj − (yz + z2 )k
Determine whether this is a possible steady incompressible fluid flow. If so,
determine the valu of rotation at the point P (1,2,3). [8+8]

3. (a) Derive Bernoulli’s equation for flow along a stream line.

(b) A pipe 200 m long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 800 mm diameter
at the higher end to 400 mm diameter at the lower end and carries 100 lps of
oil (S = 0.85). If the pressure gauge reading at the higher end reads 50 kN
/ m2 , determine, (i) Velocities at the two ends and (ii) pressure at the lower
end. Neglect losses [8+8].

4. (a) What type of drag predominates in the following cases, (i) flight of a cricket
ball (ii) air bubble rising in honey (iii) most droplet falling in air (iv) parachute.
(b) Find the power required to tow lengthwise a plate 1.2 m wide and 3 m long at
a velocity of 2.4 m/s in water. The boundary layer is changing from laminar
to turbulent over the plate. Take kinematic viscosity of water 0.9×10−2 stokes
and specific weight of water 9810 N/m3 . [8+8]

5. (a) What is the function of wind tunnel?

(b) What is meant by stagnation point. Explain [8+8]

6. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus.
(b) A viscous liquid was flowing in laminar regime in a 6 cm diameter circular
pipe. A pitot tube at a radial distance of 2 cm from the axis indicated a
velocity of 0.6 m/sec. Calculate the maximum velocity, the mean velocity and
the discharge in the pipe. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 1
7. (a) How will you determine the loss of head due to friction in pipes using Darcy
weisbach formula.
(b) An oil pipe line 60cm in diameter and roughness height 0.00005m carries a
flow of 0.55 cumecs across the country. The pumping stations are located at
every 80km. If the pump efficiency is 85%, determine the power input required
at each station when the kinematic viscosity and specific gravity of the oil are
2 × 10−6 m2 /sec and 0.88 respectively. [8+8]

8. (a) What is Manometry. Explain with a neat sketch the working of single column
vertical Manometer.
(b) Explain how you use U-tube manometer to find pressure difference between
two points in fluid flow. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.

(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]
2. (a) State the basic principle of continuity equation. Obtain an expression of con-
tinuity equation for a three dimensional - steady - incompressible fluid flow.
√
(b) A flow is described by the stream function ψ= 2 3XY . Locate the point at
which the velocity vector has a magnitude of 4 units and makes an angle of
150o with the x- axis. [8+8]
3. (a) Define the terms (i) Forced vertex flow (ii) Free vortex flow. Give suitable
examples.
(b) A rectangular duct of width 25 cm has a two dimensional irrotational flow.
It has an elbow made up of circular arcs of radius 40 cm and 65 cm for the
inner and outer walls respectively. Calculate the discharge per unit width of
the duct when the difference in pressure between outer and inner walls in the
elbow is 30 kPa. [8+8]
4. (a) Describe with the help of neat sketch, the variation of drag coefficient for a
cylinder over a wide range of Reynolds number.
(b) Oil with a free stream velocity of 3 m/s flows over a thin plate 1.25-m wide
and 2 m long. Determine the boundary layer thickness and the shear stress
at mid − length and calculate the total, double-sided resistance of the plate.
Take Density = 860 kg/m3 andv = 10−3 . [8+8]
5. (a) What is the function of wind tunnel?
(b) What is meant by stagnation point. Explain [8+8]
6. (a) Obtain an expression for the head loss in laminar flow in a circular pipe. Also
write down the equation for head loss due to laminar flow between parallel
plates and for flow down an inclined plane. Give the Reynolds numbers up to
which these equations are valid.
(b) An oil of specific gravity 0.9 flow at a rate of 0.2m3 /sec through a horizontal
pipe of 7.5 cm diameter. The pressure drop is 400KN/m2 over 300m length of
pipe. Find the viscosity of the oil. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 2
7. (a) Explain the concept of flow through a long pipe along with a neat sketch.
(b) A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes which again forms one pipe. The
length and diameter for the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1.0 m respec-
tively, while the length and diameter of second parallel pipe are 2000 m and
0.8 m. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe if total flow in the main is
3.0cumecs. the coefficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal
to 0.006. [8+8]

8. (a) What is the purpose of a differential manometer, and what are the types of
differential manometers
(b) What are the devises to measure discharge in open channels. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define kinematic viscosity. How is this name attributed to this property?
(b) Lateral stability of a long shaft 15cm diameter is obtained by means of a
25cm stationary bearing having an internal diameter of 15.025cm. If the space
between bearing and shaft is filled with a lubricant having a viscosity 24 Pa-s,
what power will be required to overcome the viscous resistance when the shaft
is rotated at a constant rate of 180 r.p.m. [6+10]

2. (a) Derive the continuity equation for 3-D fluid flow.

(b) A fluid flow field is given by
V = xyi + 2yzj − (yz + z2 )k
Determine whether this is a possible steady incompressible fluid flow. If so,
determine the valu of rotation at the point P (1,2,3). [8+8]

3. (a) Derive Euler’s equation of motion for a fluid flow..

(b) A jet of water issues from 20 mm dia fire hose at the end of which a 5.0
mm diameter nozzle is fixed. If pressure at inlet of the nozzle is 200 kN/m2 ,
determine force exerted by nozzle on the flow. [8+8]

4. (a) What is an aerofoil? Explain the lift characteristics of aerofoil with a neat
diagram.
(b) A wing of a small aircraft is rectangular in plan having a span of 10 m and
chord of 1.2 m. In a straight and level flight at 240 km/hr. the total aerody-
namic force acting on the wing is 20 kN. If the lift is 10 times the drag force,
calculate the coefficient of lift and the total weight the aircraft can carry.
Assume air density is equal to 1.2 kg/m3 . [8+8]

5. (a) Derive an expression for mass flow rate through a venturimeter

(b) An aero plane is flying at an height of 20 Km where the temperature is −400 C.
The speed of plane is corresponding to M= 1.8. Find the speed of the plane.
[8+8]

6. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus.
(b) A viscous liquid was flowing in laminar regime in a 6 cm diameter circular
pipe. A pitot tube at a radial distance of 2 cm from the axis indicated a
velocity of 0.6 m/sec. Calculate the maximum velocity, the mean velocity and
the discharge in the pipe. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 3
7. (a) How will you determine the diameter of equitant pipe.
(b) A pipe of diameter 0.4 m and of length 2000 m is connected to a reservoir at
one end . The other end of the pipe is connected to a junction from which
two pipes of lengths 1000m and diameter 30 cm run in parallel. These parallel
pipes are connected to another reservoir , which is having level of water 10m
below the water level of the above reservoir. Determine the total discharge if
f= 0.015. Neglect minor losses. [8+8]

8. (a) What is Manometry. Explain with a neat sketch the working of single column
vertical Manometer.
(b) Explain how you use U-tube manometer to find pressure difference between
two points in fluid flow. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.

(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]

2. (a) What are the methods available for describing the fluid flow? and explain
each method.
(b) A circular pipe 10 cm in diameter has 2 m length which is porous, In this
porous section the velocity of exit is known to be constant. If the velocities
at the inlet and outlet of the porous section are 2.0 m/sec and 1.2 m/sec
respectively, estimate (i) the discharge emitted out through the walls of the
porous pipe and (ii) the average velocity of this emitted discharge. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive Euler’s equation of motion for a fluid flow..

(b) A jet of water issues from 20 mm dia fire hose at the end of which a 5.0
mm diameter nozzle is fixed. If pressure at inlet of the nozzle is 200 kN/m2 ,
determine force exerted by nozzle on the flow. [8+8]

4. (a) What is the physical significance of displacement thickness of boundary layer

theory?
(b) What boundary conditions must be satisfied by the velocity distribution in
laminar boundary layer over a flat plate.
(c) The velocity distribution in the boundary layer was found to fit the equation
(u/U ) = (y/d)1/7 . Find the displacement thickness. [4+4+8]

5. (a) Describe Compressibility flow through a convergent and divergent nozzle. How
and where does the shock occurs in the nozzle?
(b) A jet fighter travels at 500 m/s in air at 2800 C. Calculate the Mach cone,
Mach cone angle and stagnation properties [8+8]

6. (a) Derive an expression for mean velocity of flow for laminar flow through inclined
pipes.
(b) Derive the necessary condition for mean velocity for the laminar flow between
parallel flat plates when both the plates are at rest. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 4
7. (a) How will you determine the loss of head due to friction in pipes using Darcy
weisbach formula.
(b) An oil pipe line 60cm in diameter and roughness height 0.00005m carries a
flow of 0.55 cumecs across the country. The pumping stations are located at
every 80km. If the pump efficiency is 85%, determine the power input required
at each station when the kinematic viscosity and specific gravity of the oil are
2 × 10−6 m2 /sec and 0.88 respectively. [8+8]

8. (a) What is Manometry. Explain with a neat sketch the working of single column
vertical Manometer.
(b) Explain how you use U-tube manometer to find pressure difference between
two points in fluid flow. [8+8]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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