Code No: R05311803 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HEAT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. What are the various important heat treatment processes? Discuss in detail, the
principle of operation of these heat treatment processes. Also explain the advan-
tages, limitations and applications of these heat treatment processes. [16]

2. (a) What is white layer in Nitriding process? What is dual-phase layer? What
are its advantages and disadvantages? How do you decrease/remove the white
layer? Explain.
(b) Can you use some other methods to avoid the formation of white layer. Explain
them in detail. [11+5]

3. Name the various important alloying elements.

(a) Explain the effect of the alloying elements on the properties of steels.
(b) Write a short notes on Austenetic stabilizers. [11+5]

4. (a) Why is chromium invariably present in high speed steels? Explain.

(b) ?Silicon, a graphitizer, resists softening during tempering of alloy steels. Ex-
plain with necessary reasons.
(c) Why water hardening tool steels have best machinability of all tool steels?
Explain.
[4+6+6]

5. (a) What is maraging? How is the strength increased in such steels which are free
of carbon?
(b) How is the composition selected for such steel?
(c) Explain the role of cobalt in such steels? [7+5+4]

6. Distinguish between malleable iron and ductile iron in terms of

(a) manufacturing process

(b) structure
(c) properties
(d) limitations
(e) applications. [16]

7. Give the composition and heat treatment of the following alloys.

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 1
(a) NIMONIC - 90
(b) UDIMET - 700
(c) HASTELLOY -X. [16]

8. What is a salt bath furnace? Explain the working principle of salt bath furnaces.
Discuss in general the advantages and disadvantages of salt bath furnaces? [16]

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HEAT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define tempering. What are the main aims of tempering? What is the driving
force for tempering? Explain the various stages in any tempering process.
(b) What is secondary hardening in alloy steels? Which type of elements cause
this effect? Explain them. [10+6]

2. (a) What is cryoforming? Explain how Austenitic stainless steels, semi Austenitic
steels be further strengthened by cryoforming process.
(b) Explain why Ausformed steels have high strength to weight ratio. [10+6]

3. (a) The maximum solid solubility of carbon in delta iron (BCC) is more than
alpha iron (BCC). Why? Explain.
(b) Normally, allotrophy in iron is caused often with the change in temperature.
Does the change of pressure also cause allotrophy? Explain. Give one example.
(c) Show by calculation how many unit cells of gamma iron approximately share
one carbon atom when it has maximum solid solubility at 11470 C. [6+5+5]

4. Explain the following with reference to tool steels.

(a) Depth of hardening

(b) Resistance to decarburization
(c) Red hardness
(d) Toughness and wear resistance. [4×4=16]

5. (a) What are stainless steels? Give a typical composition and the uses of the
various types of stainless steels. Why these steels are stainless? Explain.
(b) Is it possible to harden 18% cr-8% Ni steel by heat treatment? Explain. [11+5]

6. (a) What is malleable cast iron? What are the characteristic properties of mal-
leable cast iron?
(b) Explain why malleable iron is made only from hypo eutectic cast iron?
(c) Give the typical composition of white cast iron to produce malleable cast iron?
(d) Explain the malleabilizing treatment given to white iron castings? [5+2+3+6]

7. Give the composition and heat treatment of the following alloys.

(a) NIMONIC - 90

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 2
(b) UDIMET - 700
(c) HASTELLOY -X. [16]

8. Distinguish between:

(a) Oxidation and decarburization

(b) Complete and partial decarburization
(c) Exothermic and Endothermic atmospheres. [5+5+6]

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HEAT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is split transformation? Explain how to obtain a microstructure con-

sisting of fine pearlite, bainite and martensite.
(b) Define and explain the term critical cooling rate. Discuss the factors that
affect the critical cooling rate. [8+8]

2. Explain the following:

(a) Ausforming
(b) Isoforming
(c) Cryoforming. [6+5+5]

3. Explain the effect of the following alloying elements on. [16]

(a) Oxidation resistance

(b) Tempering and Strength (by precipitation hardening)
i. Manganese
ii. Nickel
iii. Chromium
iv. Tungsten
v. Vanadium.

4. (a) Write a short notes on classification of water hardening tool steels.

(b) What is the primary characteristic of shock resisting tool steel? How is it
obtained.
(c) Is the tempering range a constant range in all such steels? Discuss. Very often
cyaniding is done to such steels. Why? Explain. [8+4+4]

5. (a) Why stainless steels are not stainless in reducing atmosphere? Explain.
(b) Why welded austenitic stainless steels, if heated to 10500 C-11000 C and quenched
do not show weld decay? Explain.
(c) ‘Presence of Niobium or titanium in austenitic stainless steels does not allow
weld decay in them’. Justify the statement with proper reasoning. [5+6+5]

6. (a) Explain how the properties of grey cast Iron can be varied.
(b) Compare and contrast with reference to composition, microstructure and prop-
erties of the following.

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 3
i. grey cast iron
ii. malleable iron and
iii. nodular iron. [6+10]

7. (a) How are alhpa-beta brasses hardned and tempered? Explain.

(b) How does addition of lead to brass improves its machinability.
(c) Alpha - Beta brasses are hot worked brasses, why? Discuss. [8+4+4]

8. With the help of neat sketches explain the following types of heat treatment fur-
naces.

(a) Batch furnaces

(b) Continuous furnaces. [16]

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HEAT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. What are the various important heat treatment processes? Discuss in detail, the
principle of operation of these heat treatment processes. Also explain the advan-
tages, limitations and applications of these heat treatment processes. [16]

2. (a) Explain various types of flame hardening processes?

(b) What are the recent developments in surface hardening processes? Explain
them [8+8]

3. (a) The maximum solid solubility of carbon in delta iron (BCC) is more than
alpha iron (BCC). Why? Explain.
(b) Normally, allotrophy in iron is caused often with the change in temperature.
Does the change of pressure also cause allotrophy? Explain. Give one example.
(c) Show by calculation how many unit cells of gamma iron approximately share
one carbon atom when it has maximum solid solubility at 11470 C. [6+5+5]

4. Discuss the following giving composition, microstructure, properties and applica-

tions.

(a) High speed tool steel

(b) Die-steel
(c) Mould steel. [16]

5. (a) What do you mean by weld decay? Explain it fully?

(b) How are stainless steels stabilized? What heat treatment removes it? Discuss
the heat treatment process. [8+8]

6. Distinguish between black heart malleable cast iron and white heart malleable cast
Iron with regard to microstructure, properties, and applications. How are these
cast Irons are produced? [16]

7. Differentiate between (with suitable figures).

(a) Coherent precipitate

(b) Semi Coherent precipitates
(c) Incoherent precipitates.

Particularly based on: Nature and energy of the interfaces with the matrix and
Coherency strains. [6+5+5]

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Code No: R05311803 Set No. 4
8. What are the important parts of a heat treatment furnace? Critically explain the
design considerations for the design of the parts of heat treatment furnaces? [16]

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