Code No: RR310303 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. In a boiler, the following observations were made:

Pressure of steam = 10 bar
Steam condensed = 540 kg/hr
Fuel used = 65 kg/hr
Moisture in fuel = 2% by Mass
Mase of dry flue gases = 9kg/kg of fuel
LCV of fuel = 32,000 KJ/kg
Temperature of the flue gases = 325 0 C
Temperature of boiler house = 28 0 C
Feed water temperature = 50 0 C
Mean specific heat of flue gases = 1 KJ/kg K
Dryness factor of steam = 0.95
Prepare a heat balance sheet for the boiler. [16]

2. A convergent divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2 kg of steam per second.

The nozzle is supplied with a steam at 7 bar and 1800 C and discharge takes place
against a backpressure of 1 bar. The expansion upto throat is isentropic and the
frictional resistance between the throat and exit is equivalent to 63 kJ/kg of steam.
Taking approach velocity of 75 m/s and throat pressure of 4 bar. Estimate :

(a) Suitable areas for the throat and exit.

(b) Overall efficiency of the nozzle based on the enthalpy drop between the actual
inlet pressure and temperature and the exit pressure. [16]

3. (a) What are the sources of air in the condenser and explain the effects of air
leakage in condenser.
(b) The outlet and inlet temperatures of cooling water to a condenser are 37.50 C
and 300 C respectively. If the vacuum in the Barometer is 706 mm of mercury
with barometer reading760 mm. Determine condenser efficiency. [6+10]

4. (a) Briefly explain the classification of steam turbines.

(b) Explain briefly why in multistage impulse turbines the first stage is often
Compounded for velocity and remaining stages have single row wheels?
[6+10]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 1
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. A open cycle gas turbine plant has a single stage compressor and a single stage
Expander incooperating a heat exchanger. The air suction temperature is 17 0 C
and pressure 1 bar. For an overall pressure ratio of 4.5 and shaft output of 4000
kW, the mass flow is 40kg/s ,If the thermal ratio of the heat exchanger is 0.6 and
the sentropic efficiency of compressor is 0.84. Calculate the isentropic efficiency of
the gas turbine for a plant Thermal efficiency of 0.29. [16]

7. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the working of a ram jet engine.
(b) What do meant by semi-cryogenic nature of a propellant? List the different
propellants used in a rocket engine. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain with a neat sketch a Turbo-Prop System.

(b) Explain with a sketch a rocket propulsion unit. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) State the differences between the following boilers :

i. Externally fired and internally fired
ii. Forced circulation and Natural circulation
iii. High Pressure and Low pressure
iv. Stationery and mobile.
(b) The steam used by the turbine is 5.4kg/kwh at a pressure of 50 bar and a
temp. of 3500 C. The efficiency of the boiler is 82%with feed water at 1500 C.
i. How many kg of 28100 KJ coal are required/kwh ?
ii. If the cost of coal/tonne is Rs.500, what is fuel cost/kwh? [8+8]

2. Show that the condition for maximum discharge in a steam nozzle is (p2 /p1 ) =
(2/n+1)(n/n−1) and further estimate maximum velocity and maximum discharge ?
[16]

3. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the working of a surface condenser.
(b) Explain the need of an air pump during the working of surface condenser.
[8+8]

4. In a Delaval turbine, the steam issues from the nozzles with a velocity of 850m/s.
the nozzle angle is 200 . Mean blade velocity is 350m/s.the blades are equiangular.
The mass flow rate is 1000kg/min.friction factor is 0.8.determine:

(a) Blade angles

(b) Axial thrust on the end bearing
(c) Power developed in kW
(d) Blade efficiency
(e) Stage efficiency, if nozzle efficiency is 93% [16]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. (a) Derive the expressions for the efficiency and specific work output for a simple
gas turbine cycle in terms of pressure ratio.
(b) What are the assumptions made in the analysis of ideal gas turbine cycle.

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
(c) How the performance of combustion chamber in gas turbine is given? [10+3+3]

7. (a) What are the important properties of a good propellant?

(b) In a jet propulsion cycle air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 150 C. The pressure
leaving the compressor is 5 bar and the maximum temperature is 9000 C. The
air expands in the turbine to such a pressure that the turbine work is just
equal to the compressor work. On leaving the turbine, the air expands in
a reversible adiabatic process in a nozzle to 1 bar. Calculate the velocity
leaving the nozzle. Take Cp =1.0035 andγ = 1.4 for compressor and expansion
processes. [4+12]

8. Discuss the theory of the rocket engine. [16]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is the purpose of reheating in steam power plant?

(b) What is the purpose of safety valve in a boiler? Explain any one type of safety
valve with the neat sketch.
(c) What are the advantages of forced draught system compared to induced
draught for boilers? [4+8+4]

2. A steam turbine develops 185 KW with a consumption of 16.5 Kg/KWh. Pressure

and temp. of the steam at inlet of nozzle are 12 Bar and 2200 C respectively. The
steam leaves the nozzle at 1.2 Bar. The diameter of nozzle at throat is 7 mm. Find
the no of nozzles. [16]

3. A surface condenser fitted with separate air and water extraction pumps, has a
portion of the tubes near the air pump suction screened off from the steam so
that the air is cooled below the condensate temperature. The steam enters the
condenser at 380 C and the condensate is removed at 370 C. The air removed has a
temperature of 360 C. If the total air infiltration from all sources together is 5 kg/h.
Determine the volume of air handled by the air pump per hour. What would be
the corresponding value of the air handled if a combined air and condensate pump
was employed? Assume uniform pressure in the condenser. [16]

4. (a) Explain velocity compounded impulse steam turbine showing pressure and
velocity variations along the axis of the turbine.
(b) A steam jet enters the row of blades with a velocity of 380 m/sec at an angle
of 220 With the direction of motion of the moving blades. If the blade speed is
180 m/sec and there is no thrust on the blades, determine the inlet and outlet
blade angles. Velocity of steam while passing over the blades is reduced by
10%. Also determine the power developed by turbine when the rate of f low
of steam is 1000 kg/minute. [8+8]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. (a) Explain with a neat sketch working of a closed cycle gas turbine plant?.
(b) “Regenerator improves the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle” explain?
(c) How can you improve the work ratio of a gas turbine cycle? [6+5+5]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
7. A jet propulsion unit consists of compressor, combustion chamber, turbine and
nozzle. The air at 0.65 bar and 272K is compressed in the compressor to 3 bar.
η c =0.85.The temperature of the gases at inlet to the turbine is 7000 C , and the
η t =0.80. The gases coming out of the turbine are expanded in a nozzle to a pressure
0.564 bar. The η of the nozzle is 0.90. Neglecting the pressure and mechanical losses
and fuel mass, find the following:

(a) A:F ratio used assuming C.V. of fuel 44000 KJ/ Kg and the η com .=0.90.

(b) Power required to run the compressor

(c) Pressure of the gases entering the nozzle
(d) The thrust developed per kg of air per sec.
Take Cp =1.005 KJ/Kg-K, γ = 1.4 for air and Cp =1.005 KJ/Kg-K, γ = 1.4
for air and Cp =1.1514 KJ/Kg-K, γ = 1.33 for gases.
Speed of the jet propulsion unit is 720 Km/h. [16]

8. (a) Where is rocket propulsion is used? What are the kinds of rocket propellants?
(b) Describe a liquid propellant rocket engine with a neat sketch. [12+4]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define a Boiler and give the features of a good boiler.

(b) With the help of a neat sketch, explain the working of Babcoxhswilcox boiler.
[4+12]

2. (a) Discuss the effect of friction during the expansion of steam through a convergent-
divergent nozzle when
i. The steam at the entry to the nozzle is saturated.
ii. The steam at entry is super saturated.
(b) Calculate the critical pressure ratio for superheated drysaturated steam and
steam with a dryness feaction of 0.92. [10+6]

3. The air leakage into a surface condenser operating with a steam turbine is estimated
as 84 Kg/hr. The vacuum near the inlet of air pump is 700 mm of Hg. When
Barometer reads 760 mm of Hg. The temp. at the inlet of vacuum pump is
200 C.Calculate

(a) Min. capacity of air pump in m3 /hr.

(b) The dimensions of the reciprocating air pump to remove the air if it run at
200 RPM and L/D ratio=1.5 and volumetric efficiency =100%.
(c) The mass of vapour extracted per minute. [16]

4. (a) Briefly explain the classification of steam turbines.

(b) Explain briefly why in multistage impulse turbines the first stage is often
Compounded for velocity and remaining stages have single row wheels?
[6+10]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. A closed cycle gas turbine using Argon as the working fluid has a two compression
with perfect inter cooling. The overall pressure ratio is 9 and pressure ratio in
each stage is equal. Each stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. The turbine
is also two stage with equal pressure ratio with inter change reheat to original
temperature. Each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The turbine
inlet temperature is 1100K and the compressor inlet is 303K. Find

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
(a) work done per kg of fluid flow
(b) work ratio
(c) The overall cycle efficiency.
The properties of argon are Cp= 0.5207kJ/kg 0 K,γ =1.667 and R=0.20813kJ/kg0 K
[16]

7. A turbo-jet has a speed of 750 km/hr, while flying at an altitude of 10000m. The
propulsive efficiency of the jet is 50% and the overall efficiency of the turbine plant
is 16%. The density of air at 10000m altitude is 0.173 kg/m3 . The drag of the
plant is 6250 N. The calorific value of the fuel is 48,000 KJ/kg. Calculate:

(a) Absolute velocity of the jet.

(b) Volume of air compressed per minute.
(c) Diameter of the jet.
(d) Power output of the unit in KW.
(e) Air-fuel ratio. [16]

8. Discuss the theory of the rocket engine. [16]

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