Mike Mai Philosophy Period 6 November 10, 2011 Unit 3 Study Guide A posteriori From Effect to Cause (Aquinas)

) A priori From Cause to Effect Absolute idealism fundamental reality is an all-embracing spiritual unity. Alienation Marx and Left Hegelians believe God is mans self alienation and Aquinas thinks Man to be Gods self alienation. Analytic proposition explicative of the subject Berkeley on substance If substances cant be known, then dont infer their existence. Finite and infinite thinking substances and their thoughts are all that exist. Best of all possible worlds Leibniz believed this to be the best of all possible worlds. Principle of Internal Harmony Categories of the understanding Cogito I think therefore I am. Death of god Marx Der Ubermensch The BeyondMan or SuperMan. Descartes on substance 3 types of substances: unextended thinking substance, God and Extended substance. Being that so exists as to require nothing else for its existence. Descartes psychology Mind/ Body Dualism, Body is divisible and a extended substance, Mind is indivisible and unextended thinking Dictatorship of the proletariat Marx, Would lead to a classless society. Divine law There must be laws over the humans because their actions are uncertain and possibly evil.

Empiricism Inductive, takes many ideas to build up to one. Use sense data. Esse est percipi To be is to be perceived. Eternal law Form of rule and measure, Gods rule is outside time and so his laws are eternal. Evil Genius Descartes fear that God is possibly just a powerful deceiver Existentialism Existence precedes essence, existence must be lived and it cant be thought Feuerbach on God Mans idea of God is just the idea of a perfect man and God is mans self alienation. Forms of sensibility Geist Hegel, Mind or God or Reality or History God as a moral agent Hegel: history and dialectic History unfolds according to a dialectic structure: 1. Thesis, 2. Antithesis, 3. Synthesis Hume on causality Hume on personal identity

Hyperbolic doubt Descartes Imma raze everything to the ground Ideas Impressions Innate ideas Humans know things before ever experiencing them Kant on time and space Kants relation to rationalists and empiricists Puts both worlds together Kierkegaard on natural theology Left (Young) Hegelians Leibniz on substance Locke on substance Marx: history and class struggle All of history is just the history of class struggle and will end in a classless society Materialism material things are most real

Economic materialism what we make is the most real

Matters of fact Sense data

Monads unextended, metaphysical, windowless unit Monism Natural law rational creatures limited participation of Eternal Law Nietzsche on origins of morality Noumenal world World as it is, can never know it. Objective thought objective truths with existing objective criteria Pantheism contingent things are just modes of the infinite substance. Perceptions perceptions of things or sense data. Phenomenal world the world as perceived. Positive law man made law? Pre-established harmony of the universe Primary quality ideas that resemble the body which causes the ideas

Problem of Evil If God is omnibenevolent how come evil exists? Relations of ideas Right Hegelians Secondary quality doesnt resemble anything in the body Spinoza on substance Only one substance and that is God who participates in all things existing Subjective thought Thought without objective criteria, faith. Essential to our existence Synthetic proposition ampliative, predicate talks of subject The End of History Marx sees it as the end of a classless society and Hegel saw an end of history in philosophy when spirit becomes conscious of absolute spirit and could think itself. The Knight of Faith Abraham of Genesis who was willing to sacrifice his own son only on faith Thesis-synthesis-antithesis all part of the dialectic structure of Hegels history

Utopia no place, it is impossible to reach Will to Power -