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Code No: RR220106 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SURVEYING-II
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Differentiate between temporary and permanent adjustments of a theodolite.


[4+6+6]
(b) Describe the collimation adjustment for a theodolite.
(c) Describe how you would make the trunnion axis of a theodolite perpendicular
to the vertical axis.
2. (a) Surface underground traverse have been run between two mine shafts A and
B. The co-ordinates of A and B given by the underground traverse are 8560N,
24860 W and 10451 N, 30624 W respectively. The surface traverse gave the co-
ordinates of B as 10320 N and 30415 W, those of A being as before. Assuming
the surface traverse to be correct, find the error in both bearing and distance
of the line AB, as given by the underground traverse. [10+6]
(b) Describe ‘Fast needle method’ of theodolite traversing.
3. (a) Describe the procedure to determine the constants of a tacheometer in the
field. [8+8]
(b) Two horizontal distances of 50 m and 80 m were accurately measured and the
intercepts on the staff between the outer stadia wires were 0.496 and 0.796
respectively. Calculate the tacheometeric constants.
4. (a) How will you set out a circular curve with a chain and a theodolite by method
of tangential deflections? [8+8]
(b) A reverse curve having two branches of common radius is to connect two
parallel straights 9 m apart. If the distance between the tangent points is 72
m, find the necessary radius.
5. A transition curve is required for a circular curve of 220 metre radius, the gauge
being 1.6m and maximum super elevation restricted to 15 cm. The transition is to
be designed for a velocity such that no lateral pressure is imposed on the rails and
the rate of gain of radial acceleration is 28 cm / sec3 . Calculate the required length
of the transition curve and the design speed. [16]
6. Obtain an expression for the difference in level between two points by reciprocal
vertical angle readings from two stations. Heights of instruments and targets should
not be ignored. [16]
7. (a) Find the sag correction for 30 m steel tape under a pull of 80 N in three equal
spans of 10 m each. Mass of one cubic cm at steel = 7.86 g/cm3 . Area of
cross-section of the tape = 0.10 sq. cm. [8+8]

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 1
(b) A steel tape is 30 m long at a temperature, of 65F when lying horizontally
on the ground, Its sectional area is 0.082 sq. cm, it?s mass 2 kg and co-
efficient of expansion 65 x 10− 7 per 10 F. The tape is stretched over three
equal spans. Calculate actual length between the end graduations under the
following conditions: temp. 850 F, pull 180 N. Take E = 2.07 X 107 N/cm2 .

8. (a) What do you understand by propagation of errors? Give various laws of


propagation. [8+8]
(b) Explain the procedure for adjustment of a braced quadrilateral.

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SURVEYING-II
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Two stations at elevations of α and β are sighted by a theodolite in which the
line of collimation is inclined to the trunnion axis at an angel (900 - e), where
‘e’ is small. [9+7]
i. Derive an expression for the error in the horizontal angel between the two
stations as given by the instrument.
ii. Show by a diagram the effect of the collimation error on the vertical circle
reading of one station.
iii. What is the effect of measuring the horizontal and vertical angles on both
faces?
(b) In a straight line ABC, AB measure 354.384 m, BC measures 282.092 m and
AC measures 636.318 m using a particular EDM reflector combination. A line
measures 533.452 m with this instrument reflector combination. What is the
correct length of the line?

2. (a) Write the various steps that are usually necessary for Gales Traverse table
computation. [6+10]
(b) The bearings of two inaccessible stations A and B taken from station C were
2250 001 and 1530 201 respectively. The coordinates of A and B were as under:
Station Easting Northing
A 300 200
A 400 150
Calculate the Independent co-ordinates of C.

3. (a) Describe the conditions under which tacheometeric surveying is advantageous.


[4+6+6]
(b) Staff readings observed with a percentage theodolite corresponding to angles
of elevation of 4% and 5% are 1.525 and 2.925 respectively. If the vertical
angle on sighting the staff reading equal to the height of the trunnion axis
above the ground was 4.5%. Calculate
i. the horizontal distance between the instrument and the staff
ii. the elevation of the staff station if that of the instrument station was
493.700

4. (a) What do you understand by the following forms of the curves and where are
they generally used? [9+7]
i. Circular Curve.

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 2
ii. Compound curve.
iii. Reverse curve.
(b) A reverse curve is to be set out between two parallel tangents 30 m apart. The
line joining the two tangent points is 300 m. The two arcs of the curve have
the same radius. Calculate the necessary data to set the curve on the field by
offsets from a long chord at intervals of 20 m from the common tangent point.

5. (a) What is a transition curve? Why it is used? Define ‘shift’ of a curve. Draw
two tangents and show a circular curve and two transition curves connecting
the tangents, marking the ‘shift’, on your sketch. [8+8]
(b) How the transition curve be set out. Explain.

6. In order to ascertain the elevation of the top (Q) of the signal on a hill, observations
were made from two instrument stations P and R at horizontal distance 120 metres
apart, the station P and R being in the line with Q. The angles of elevation of Q at P
and R were 280 42’ and 180 6? respectively. The staff reading upon the benchmark
of elevation 287.28 were respectively 2.70 and 3.750 when the instrument was at P
and at R, the telescope being horizontal. Determine the elevation of the foot of the
signal if the height of the signal above its base is 3 meters. [16]

7. (a) How do you determine the inter Visibility of triangulation stations? [8+8]
(b) Two triangulation stations A and B are 40 km apart and have elevations of
178 m and 175 m respectively. Find the minimum height of signal required
at B so that the line of sight may not pass nearer the ground than 3 meters.
The intervening ground may be assumed to have a uniform elevation of 150
meters.

8. Adjust the angles α and β, observations of which give [16]


α = 200 10’ 10” weight 6
0
β = 30 20’ 30” weight 4
α + β = 500 30’ 50” weight 2

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SURVEYING-II
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Two stations at elevations of α and β are sighted by a theodolite in which the
line of collimation is inclined to the trunnion axis at an angel (900 - e), where
‘e’ is small. [9+7]
i. Derive an expression for the error in the horizontal angel between the two
stations as given by the instrument.
ii. Show by a diagram the effect of the collimation error on the vertical circle
reading of one station.
iii. What is the effect of measuring the horizontal and vertical angles on both
faces?
(b) In a straight line ABC, AB measure 354.384 m, BC measures 282.092 m and
AC measures 636.318 m using a particular EDM reflector combination. A line
measures 533.452 m with this instrument reflector combination. What is the
correct length of the line?
2. (a) Explain briefly the different method of checking the correctness of angular
observations in an open theodolite traverse. [8+8]
(b) In order to fix a point ‘F’ exactly midway between A and E, a traverse was
run as follows:
Line Length Bearing
AB 400 m 300
BC 500 m 000
CD 600 m 3000
DE 400 m 300
Assuming point ‘A’ as origin, calculate (a) the independent coordinates of
points ‘C’ ‘E’ and ‘F’; (b) the length and bearing of ‘CF’.
3. (a) Explain with the aid of necessary equation, how the use of an anallatic lens
simplifies computations while using a tacheometer. [6+10]
(b) Enumerate the different systems of tacheometric measurement. How would
you determine the elevation of a point by tangential method when both the
vertical angles are angles of depression.
4. (a) A reverse curve of two equal circular arcs is to connect two parallel tangents, 9
m apart. If the distance between the connected points parallel to the straights
is 81 m, find the radius of the arcs. [8+8]
(b) Calculate the ordinates at 5 m distances for a circular curve having a long
chord of 40 m and a versed sine of 2 m.

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 3
5. A transition curve is required for a circular curve of 220 metre radius, the gauge
being 1.6m and maximum super elevation restricted to 15 cm. The transition is to
be designed for a velocity such that no lateral pressure is imposed on the rails and
the rate of gain of radial acceleration is 28 cm / sec3 . Calculate the required length
of the transition curve and the design speed. [16]

6. The following reciprocal observations were made from two points: P and Q : [16]
Horizontal distance between P and Q = 4860 m
Angle of elevation of Q at P = 10 5’ 21”
Angle of depression of P at Q = 10 0’ 50”
Height of instrument at P = 1.35 m
Height of signal at P = 6.10 m
Height of instrument at Q = 1.38 m
Height of signal at Q = 6.21 m

Find the difference in level between P and Q and the co-efficient of refraction. Take
R sin 1” = 30.88 m

7. Discuss the effect of phase in sighting a sun signal and show with sketches how it
may be eliminated or reduced. Derive formulae for the correction to be applied to
cylindrical signals. [8+8]

(a) when the bright portion is bisected and


(b) when the bright line is bisected.

8. A, B, C, D form a round of angles at a station so that A +B + C + D = 3600 .


Their observed values were [16]
A = 760 24’ 40” ;
B = 820 14’ 25”
C = 1030 37’ 50” ;
D = 970 43’ 15”
The angle B + C was also separately measured twice and found to average 1850
52’20”. Find the probable values of each of the four angles if all six measurements
were of equal accuracy.

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SURVEYING-II
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write short note on errors in theodolite surveying. [8+8]


(b) Explain how one could test whether the horizontal and line of sight of a theodo-
lite are perpendicular to the vertical to each other. Detail procedure for the
adjustment if they are not.

2. (a) A man travels from a point A to due to west and reaches the point B. The
distance between A and B = 139.6 m. Calculate the latitude and departure
of the line AB. [8+8]
(b) For the following traverse, find the length of DE so that A, E and F may be
in the same straight line.
Line Length(m) Reduced Bearing
AB 200 S 840 301 E
BC 100 N 750 181 E
CD 80 N 180 451 E
DE ? N 290 451 E
EF 150 N 640 101 E

3. (a) Describe the conditions under which tacheometeric surveying is advantageous.


[4+6+6]
(b) Staff readings observed with a percentage theodolite corresponding to angles
of elevation of 4% and 5% are 1.525 and 2.925 respectively. If the vertical
angle on sighting the staff reading equal to the height of the trunnion axis
above the ground was 4.5%. Calculate
i. the horizontal distance between the instrument and the staff
ii. the elevation of the staff station if that of the instrument station was
493.700

4. (a) What are the different linear methods for setting out simple circular curves.
Explain the detailed procedure of setting out a curve by successive bisection
method. [8+8]
(b) A 200 m length straight connects two circular curves which deflect to the right.
The radius of the 1st curve is 250 m and that of the 2nd is 200 m. The central
angle for the second curve is 300 . The combined curve is to be replaced by a
single circular curve between the same tangent points. Find the radius of the
curve. Assume that the two tangent lengths of the earlier set are equal. Also
determine

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Code No: RR220106 Set No. 4
i. central angle of the new curve
ii. Central angle of 1st curve of radius 200 m.

5. (a) What is a transition curve? Why it is used? Define ‘shift’ of a curve. Draw
two tangents and show a circular curve and two transition curves connecting
the tangents, marking the ‘shift’, on your sketch. [8+8]
(b) How the transition curve be set out. Explain.

6. The top (Q) of a chimney was sighted from two stations P and R at very different
levels, the stations P and R being in the line with the top of the chimney. The
angle of elevation from P to the top of the chimney was 380 21′ and that from R to
the top of the chimney was 210 18′ . The angle of elevation from R to a vane 2 m
above the foot of the staff held at P was 150 11′ . The heights of the instrument at
P and R were 1.87 m and 1.64 m respectively. The horizontal distance between P
and R was 127 m and the reduced level of R was 112. 78 m. find the R.L. of the
top of the chimney and the horizontal distance from P to the chimney. [16]

7. Bring out clearly the differences between

(a) triangulation and traversing. [8+8]


(b) triangulation and trilateration.

8. (a) What are different types of errors in surveying measurements? Give one ex-
ample of each. [8+8]
(b) Explain the method of differences for normal equations.

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