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Lesson #1 Confused Letters

Rule: These are the commonly confused letters, it is

important to pronounce these letters properly to preserve
the meaning.
Practice: Identify the difference between each letter within
the rows.
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Lesson #2 Thick Letters

7 Letters:

Rule: These 7 letters are always read thick regardless if

they have
.

Lesson # 3 Neutral Letters

3 Letters:

Rule: These 3 letters are the only letters that are

sometimes read thick and other times read thin depending
on their condition. (Conditions will be learnt in Lesson #5)

Lesson #4 Thin Letters

18 Letters:

Rule: All of the remaining letters, meaning excluding thick

and neutral letters, are always read thin no matter what.

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Lesson # 5 Neutral Letters

3 Letters:

Rule of :Alif ( ) by itself is always read thin regardless if it

has a
. The only time Alif ( ) is read thick is when
it is connected AFTER a thick letter.
Example:
Rule of

: Raa ( ) is read thick with a

read thin with a

Rule for

or a

but it is

: Lam ( ) itself is a thin letter and read thin

with any Harakah (

). The only time is read thick is
when it appears in Allahs name and the letter BEFORE
has a or a but it is read thin with a . This is called
Laam-ul-Jalalah.

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Lesson #6 Stretching
Rule: Each letter should only be stretched the
proper amount. We measure the length by
the number of Alifs, each Alif is equal to the
time it takes to lift up one finger.

Lengths: (Using baa as the example)

Big Madd

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Lesson #7 Qalqala (Bounce)

5 Letters:

Rule: When these 5 letters appear with a

Jazam ( Sakin ), or at the end of an
ayah, the sound of the letter will bounce
(echo) back. No other letters besides
these 5 will have Qalqalah.
Practice: Choose any of the Qalqalah
letters and write down three examples in
the proper form. Do not write more than
1 example using the same letter.

Example:
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Lesson # 8 Huroofe Leen

Letters:

Rule: If or appear with a on

the letter before them you will
read it quick and sharp.
Lesson # 9 Mushaddad
Letters:

Rule: If these letters appear with

a tashdeed ( ) on them you will
make a nasal sound for the
length of 2 Alifs (). This
prolonged sound is called
gunnah.
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Lesson #10 Maddah Letters

3 Letters:

Rule1: The only three letters that cause other

letters to stretch are . They must appear
in the proper form in order to stretch another.
The length of the stretching is equal to 2 Alifs
or the length it takes to lift 2 fingers
Proper Form: (Using as the example)

= Ba + aa

= Bo+oo

= Be +ee

In this manner you stretch the word, the

length of 2 Alifs(

+ )

Rule2- In addition if these words are followed

with ( Hamzah) they will take a big madd, or
an Alif ().

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Lesson # 11 Iqfah
Letters:
Rule: If any of these letters
appear after noon sakin ( ) or
tanween ( , , )you will do
Ikhfa.
Ikhfa is a prolonged nasal sound
for the length of 2 Alifs ().
Ikhfa is different but similar to
Gunnah. If Gunnah is a full noon
( )sound, then Ikhfa is a half
noon ( )sound. For example the
n sound in inside represents
Gunnah and the n sound in
uncle represents Ikhfa.
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Lesson # 12 Izhaar
Letters:
Rule: If any of theseletters
appear after noon sakin ( )or
tanween ( , , )you will read
them quickly without Gunnah or
Ikhfah. No nasal sound.

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Lesson # 13 Idhgaam
Letters: With Gunnah-
Without Gunnah-
Rule- If any of these letters
appear after noon-sakin ( )or
tanween ( , , ) we will mix
them with the noon sakin or
tanween and do Gunnah for the
With Gunnah Letters).

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Lesson # 14 Iqlaab
Letters:
Rule: If the letter appears
after noon sakin ( )or tanween
( , , ) you will change the noon
sound into a meem ( )sound,
and do Gunnah.
Lesson # 15 Ikhfa Meem Sakin
Letters:
Rule: If the letter appears
after meem sakin ( )youll do
gunnah for the meem.

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Lesson # 16 Idgham Meem Sakin

Letters:
Rule: If the letter appears after
meem sakin ( )you will mix
them together with tashdeed ()
and do Gunnah.
Lesson # 17 Izhaar Meem Sakin
Letters: All except meem ( )and
baa ().
Rule: If any letters appear after
besides ( baa) or ( meem),
you will read the meem sakin ()
quick and sharp.

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Lesson # 18 Waqf
Rule/Letters

- Compulsory Stop

- Necessary Stop

- Stop vocal sound

for a moment without breaking
breath.

- Necessary to continue,
do not pause
- Desirable to
continue, do not pause

- Recommended Pause

- Optional, to pause or
continue
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- Denotes similar rules as

at the end of the proceeding
ayah.

- Any two of the three

ayahs may be read in continuity.

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