&L*/

.'

PARADIGMS.

in

An Aramaic
THE PERSONAL
Persona] Nominative.

Method.

Paradigm
1'ROXOIX.
Personal Genitive or Suffix of Nouns.

A.

An Aramaic Method.

11

The Pronoun.
THE PERSONAL
PRO.VOIX.

12

Ax Aramaic Method.

Paradigm
Peal.
Ithpeel.

B,

Pael.

Perf.

Imp.

2 m.
2f.

^PP

^Ppnx
^ppnN*

^Pp
V?Pp

PI.

2 m.
2f.

i^ppnx

The

An Aramaic Strong Verb.

Method.

13

Ithpaal.

14

An Aramaic Method.

Paradigm C. Strong
Suffixes.

Sing.

com.

masc.

2 fern.

3 masc.

3fem.

Pe.Prf.3m.
3f.
2
in.

rtop!
?*op

rtop
nn'pDjp

nri^ppj
as 3
f.

etc.

Same

except that

it

does not take suffixes

2f.
lc.
PI.

rrn'ppp

UP

nn'rpp

3 m.
2 m.
lc.

^Pp

nrap

rn^Dp
rqw'ppp

ntep
rnin^pp

xm^-op
tjv i^ppp,
vri

Inf.
Tnf.
j

n^ppp

rt?t?pp

with epenth.
f

Ax Aramaic Method.

15

Verb with Suffixes.

Plur.
1

com.

fem.

masc.
:

fem.

K#ra
s^n^ppj

pa'poj?

p^Pp
prf?Pp

P^Pp

i^-on

p^ppj

P^PPi

of the second person.

xrn^pp

is

Ax Aramaic Method.

Paradigm D. Verbs Pe Nun,

Peal.

Aphel.

Ittaphal.

Perf.

3 m.

An Aramaic

Method.

1"

Paradigm

E.

Verbs Ayin Doubled.

18

A\ Aramaic Method.

Paradigm
Pe
tint.
Peal.

F,

Guttural Verbs.
Ayin Gut.
Peal.
Pael.

I.uni'illi
Peal.

Out.

Pet. 3m.

15^

An Aramaic Method.
Par. C.

If)

Verbs Pe Aleph and Pe Yodh.

Peal.

20

Ax Aramaic

Metiiod.

Paradigm H
Peal.
Ithpeel.

Aphel.

Perf. 3

in.

Dpn
nofj

,Dpw

D-p',(n,K) .D'DK

3f.
2
in.

(p)
T

Wpg
Wjis
np'pN*

nr\vp r

2f.
1 c.

Wi?
iipp
or flQj5

nppw
10pW

(p>

PI.

in.

i*p#

3f.
2
in.

NDp pnep

N?pW
finppriN

2f.

lc.
Inf.

NCTtt
Dlpq
,Dp)D

,Dpp

An Aramaic Method.

2i

Verbs Ayin Vav.

Ittaphal.
Polel.

Ithpolal.

Pcil.

Dprus*

opip

Dpipw
iiDpipw

3*9

nppnN
nppriN*

nppip
rrpoip

npoipnx
jippipnK
etc.

tfppip

nppflN

npsip
ispip

nppipw
npiprus*

xppm

KDOip
prtppip

Nopipw pnpbipw
[nppipw
KODiDnN

popip
&oppip

NsnnN
DpriN*

NSSiP
opip

DDipw

pprus*

ppip
iopip

ppipW
i^pipnN*
etc.

^pnN*

wppip
pppnri opriK
DOip! pppipri

opipn*

3*r
etc.

DQipN
pbbip"'

f^^ipnn opipnx
piDDip/r

DDipP
opipp KDDipo

N*ppnp

opipnp NobiDnb

9J>,

Ax Aramaic Method

Paradigm
ouU.
MlJUj

I.

Peal.

Ithpeel.

Pael

Perf. 3 m.

to

3f.

t^Aru "/***{

m
c.

,i

" f'"*~ />

'

XUtamjxxA'

m
prf?i

3f.

.2m.
2f.
ft*

pJT?iw

1 i

?)

prfci

lc.
7
.

zzzi+z"V
Inf. 7,7 'J Jr.
'

ft)

k*&i

D -

N'-N-N^O
T
:

HN^jriN*

"

'

Imp.

2 m.
2
f.

PI.

2 m.

>f.

An Aramaic

Verbs Lamedh Aleph.

Ithpaal.

Method. AJ)K

23
l

24

Ax Aramaic

Method.

Par. J.

Nouns with Pronominal

Masculine Xoun.
|*T# time.
Singular.
Plural.

Suffixes.

Feminine Xoun. {<Yn animal.

Singular.
Plural.

A.bs. st.
T
*

(time)

Const,

st.

(time-of)

(times)

(animal)

(animals)

nvn
(times-of)

nvrr T
(animals-of)

(animal-of)

Emph.

st.

KJHR
(the time)

xnyn
i

(the times

(the animal)

(the animals)

WITH SUFFIXES.*
Suff. Sing. 1

WITH SUFFIXES.

com.

nvn

WW
2 fern.

TO*
-pyn

rprp?
rrirp;

WO
nnvn nnvn
T T

>n. j*|

,;j 3 masc.

nnvn
rvivri t
:

fern.

rlur.

com.

WW
ITO

'

*onvn T|TT

2 masc.
2 fern.

rdnvn
I

:|t

pnvn
Jinnyn
\tTTyt.
I

pnyn
rinnvn
:

3 masc. 3
fern.

|t

rnnvn

rnnvn |T "
I

*The forms with

Poesessivi

suffixes,

my

time, thy time, etc., are sometimes called

A\ Aramaic Method.

Par. K.

Declension of Masculine Nouns.

26

Ax Aramaic

Method.

Par. L.

Declension of Masculine Nouns.

a.

Ax Aramaic
Par.

Method.

27

M.

Declension of Feminine Nouns.

1L

Sing. Abs.

28

An Auamah

Mktiiod.

Paradigm N
A. Cardinals from 1 to lO.
With the Masculine Absolute. Construct.

No.
1
-

With the Feminine Absolute. Construct.

in
nrfrn

-in

*nn

IS

3 4
5 6
7

nr6n
rtfEHN

Krai

n^ dn
v

nnc

8
9

JTi6ri

n#rn
rnpj;

10

An Aramaic

Method.

29

Numerals.
C.
Masculine.

Cardinals.

30

An Aramaic Method.
Suffixes.

Paradigm O. Prepositions with

D3
Singular.

2)p
Singular.

*7

to

me
thee

in

thee

f
in.

-j,l,

-1^
IT ?
1

to
to

in.
f.

ITD
H*}
Plural.

in
in

him
her

|[

him
her

H?

.H ?

to

Plural.

[3.KJ3
m.
f.

in us

ft-NJ ? T
Cm.

to

US

m\
[in?]

myon
Cm.
in

p$l p^s
(

to y u

m.
f.

them

L^ku.

to

them

A rcim &S77cc.%
Z.et

AN

Aramaic Method
A CLASS BOOK FOR THE STUDY OF

THE ELEMENTS OE ARAMAIC

FROM BIBLE AND TARGUMS

CHARLES

R.

BROWN.

TART

I.

TEXT, NOTES

AND VOCABULARY

521449
CHICAGO:

AMERICAN>UBLICATION SOCIETY OF HEBREW,

MORGAN PARK.
1884.

Copyright,

1884,

by Charles K. Brown.

TO

OAKMAN

S.

STEARNS,

D. D.,

PROFESSOR OF OLD TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION IN

NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION;

THE TEACHER AND FRIEND,

THE PATERNAL COUNSELLOR AND FRATERNAL COMRADE,

THIS LITTLE
IS

WORK

INSCRIBED WITH RESPECTFUL AFFECTION

BY
HIS PUPIL.

PREFACE TO PART

I.

This volume is intended as a Reading Book for the acquisition of the elements of Aramaic by the so-called Inductive method. For
this reason, it is issued as

avoid the use of the

Part I. The term Aramaic is chosen to name "Chaldee," which is not strictly correct. The following pages need a word of explanation: To facilitate Introductory study, the Paradigms thought most1.

suitable to beginners have been inserted before the Title

this (first) Part,

Page of

though they properly belong

to

Part

II.,

the

Gram-

mar.
2.

The arrangement

of the text will be helpful chiefly to those

who

are familiar with the

Elements of Hebrew.

Genesis

I.

X.. of

Baer's edition, have been printed with the corresponding verso of Onkelos on the opposite page, in order that the student may see the elementary laws of Aramaic as they diverge from those of Hebrew.
It is thought that,

under the direction of a judicious teacher, this

serve as a constant black-board exercise, with Whether this idea is a sufficient excuse, as

part of the text

a

may

great saving of time.

it is

the sole excuse, for the publication of a

new Chrestomathy,
These chap-

must be decided by the

ters are followed

practical value of the same.

by selections from the Targum of Jonathan Ben Uzziel and from the later Targums. The Targum of Onkelos, being the purest Aramaic and, at the same time, a nearly literal translation of the Pentateuch, seems best fitted for the acquisition of principles; after this, the Biblical Aramaic may be studied intelligently, and its Hebraisms noted; and, lastly, the later and more
corrupt Targums

may

be read with advantage.

PREFACE.
The text followed has been that of Walton's Polyglot* only readings plainly wrong (as the omission of daghesh-lene from the

A -pirates

after a consonant

or disjunctive accent)

having been
strict laws of

altered; but the beginner

must be warned that the

tone and syllabication do not obtain in Aramaic, though the different texts vary
tions of text,

much
in

in this particular.

Owing

likewise to corrup-

it is,

some

cases, impossible to say

whether

a read-

ing

is

an error, or a Hebraism.

Critical editions of the varions

versions of the Old Testament are the crying need of the time.

The Notes include textual, grammatical and hermeneutical 3. remarks upon the text printed, including the Biblical Aramaic. Many of them are condensations from other authors. The writer is indebted especially to the late Dr. F. Weber and to Dr. E. Schrader in works to which reference is made. The Commentaries on Daniel and Ezra have also been of assistance to him and some use has been made of the translation of the Targum of Onkelos by
Etheridge.
4.

same

selections.

The Vocabulary embraces brief definitions of all words in the Buxtorf, Levy and the Manuals have been used

freely but with occasional modification.

The author wishes to express particular thanks to Prof. William K. Harper, Ph. D., and Mr. R. F. Harper for important suggestions and untiring devotion to his interests, and to Rabbi B. Felsenthal of Chicago for confirmations of his own opinion in the decision of doubtful questions of etymology. With the hope that this book may contribute something to the advancement of Shemitic studies, it is offered to the student of
them.
C. R. B.
25, 1884.

Newton Centre. May

So closely has

this

been done, that the traditional authorship of the Pales-

Targum to the Pentateuch has been left undisturbed, though this Targum in Its present [form belongs t" a date much later than the author of the Targum on the Prophets. (See pages 15, 46.)
tinian

CONTENTS OF PART
I.

I.

Genesis I.X., The Hebrew Text and

Parallel

Targum

of Onkelos on

Page.

II.

III.

Pages Note of References to the Biblical Aramaic Targum Pseudo-Jonathan,

(Jzziel,

943
44

IV.

V.

Genesis chap. VIII Targum of Jonathan Ben Joshua chap. Isaiah chap. VI Targum on the Psalms,

4547
47

XX

4849
49

Psalm XXIV Psalm CL VI. Targum on the Megilloth, Ruth chap. II VII. Notes on the Text
Abbreviations Onkelos, Genesis I. X
Biblical

4950
5052 5370
54

Aramaic

Other Targums VIII. Vocabulary Note to Vocabulary

5561 6269 6970

71-112 72

TEXT.

10

LIBER GENESIS.

CAPUT
* :Y~\xn v |t t
I

tf

nm own
i"
:

'.-

ru\* ;

D*rfrK v: a.

aro m?vr\2 t
-it
i.-

2 rrrn -1

oinn 'js-ty nir'm iroi tan firm ^J" t A

: :

rr

It

pam
I

Vt t
1

3-)in*-\t
4

on^HPN**l :D?gn
DiD-^
1

^-^
|

o^g ^:n
1
I

")iN*n-nN*
.:

narn? d'H ?** D*rt^ *rn niK-rn

|

n
6

wrr -?) Dini*6 V

V
:

o^n^s* *op*i jtrt^nn pni < ; t| v

:

"totfi t
v

P
I

^dk*i j1

5
I

"thn |t v
:

dv -iprrm \:\
j

:|-

ny-m rh^ tnp

v'Tv

:|-

t :at

t|jt

torp ? do pa Ft vr7

"THaoTm ddh nim j

j

-at -

"-

yw vr Drf?K
|v t
j:

nrrgo H#*f b?bn pa

^Tn

i^fi-ntf

frrfrs trin
jrtrfr pa * r ^- P"^ Dn^ /
I

mp^
ST |
:

:
*

g
9
%

^ dv
I

p-m
|-

:|-

rP*V? tyo "rlt|t

|a-

"^
kV -:
:|

-ip'n->rn :|Jv
i

my-'rm d
:*}:

o*bn
at t

J"

I'

t|t

|r t|t

-iHn Dips- ?** TV J T

J

own nnntD D*fen

- T

"

"<-

iip*
|

Dffw "is^i jV V
;

pN
I

h&ifo t-t
I

u>r\bx < v:

Nnpn
t|
:

p-wi ntran
l|

:|-

At t - -

nx^
v.'.'

11

idni j-

:aip-*3

DVfw
i-

v:

*m
:/

era* A' -

*op
-jt|t

dwi mp^i
-v

i-\:

rrj#j n) Y$.yrii
12

jnp
[
;

a^j;**^

pkn Kgrjri Dff?#

new* irtD ? -:

xyirn -

:p-rri .|

pNfi-ty * .,ATT
1^.1.

ia-ijnr ^ * :-

ha
-:
f

"i^x Hj?"W)f

irwtf?

nj.r^P w$ w%
v. 1.

p*?fi

toi o

11

LIBER GENESIS.
6^'

CAPUT

"-Dip-p
t:
t|t:
I

xnm
jt
-:

Noinn At
:

^stfrhy' joitfrn "-:J"^t

j

N\3pnV t:|

- -::*niru-mm Niinr\T w iojo :nq 3N-ty ostto *J" at It tr'nsNi nto-njrlnirti-rv " arm Hiiro pai _ - :-: j" at
|t

3 4
<#

it

r-

i.t

p
I

t:

it

-jr.

st

At:

ji|:

it

-:-

t^

<t:

t|:

|t

-:

-mm n-W t-:At :

NittrV7 Tt
|

"*opi
-rr:

st|:

jp-mmxyvrfrtyDH 5-l~
t -. 7<t
|

i-

aopi

jjjrmm

amp!
t

'tnnrn

in

in** ?

to
11
;|t

"*

n^ir-nm *airy m< *S- t

:

"*?%

msm kpn* n\sHn -ibni :to < np-rr;rir--Q n m^ps -njj ps fcw* jrnr,p
:

"t

t:

rritf?

np n^n3"i ps-iay

ftw\ Trt#?

inTO

12 (1 tf)

JV^NID
3Tg"TJ!
<
:

Creatio.

13

"0-*nn
m-]jr
:

Sip"*?

afi$ n"ti irjyrt;

-il'

ip-iin?
:

hrixh>

vm ny?n pm
1

oin
j

pa

^an own
1

^
io

own yp"o rniaa

n'^Nsn w-jtn
< t -

vro
:

owl d^^i
t -

dhi'is^

d^n* trjn
-

p-m pa*rrty TOrfr

< t
1

V J/
:

iV

_
:

it

own* dhn jrw

D*??i3D

n$ nj^n rtytfOO ? Pi?'"

18
19

n^^DI DVaSfeWl jpKiTty TNff?

-\-n :n'ip-*5 Drfw

own yp-ft
"ipb-^nn

an rp'nn pi man pa yiDh^i

2
:

rrc" DVfTg
jpjri

"lp^i

*)j!*?l
W

Di>

yyj

y? -*?#

pan-^

|:

HSW! T^1

rjjn

&S& pg> Dbn

rrnn jt |-

ciil^a nto Drryo*? t ^ v

I

am ^irw" x*n ntrs'-n

-

|t

-:

|t

n-i*

\V

eiiym Dba - ^\ t
I
:

bwrrw

in^i <
:
i.

ifni

ns
j
:

nbtft a
:

23

Dh dv *iph-*rm 3"iy-m 'Ipfctt vT: v t 24 t^qni noro nrt: ? .th Btejpkn tfiin DVf?g TQtft n ^ Pnvj rvn-na Errfw cti -*r P">m nrt: ? pN-in*rri v vvv v r in^^D^ npngp BW" ?? ru^rj nytf? npnsirrn^ nirp^
)
:

tr>
1

-:

|v

:|-

:|-

|t

:-.

|-

ftT

26

^p*pv5

djn

rrb>#js

tDVf?# np^5 :iiD-3 D'rfrg N n

27
1

4 D'nSs Nnn^

pxrr ?^
1

b'p^n jyo>7 J ???

1

,
i

"
,

^'7

xn? rop:i Tjr in v

k

^5
1

D^n ?^ dS'3 ib^jp biKjrrtt}

,
:

28 jjiTi
;
:

ns
;
:

dH^ on ? na^i b^ri^ dhn n"^ vjt V

v:

TV"
:

i -

on'N |t
y
:

- t

'j

t -

<-

rt%

v vr T

(1

K)
1

Dl^pJlN oi:nn
Di;
t

is

w/v ?/!
\tt:Ij"

*\avmm E^rnjm
t
:

np-nx
'
: I

wryi
:

13

t -

^t

<

t:

mm xrN- ?; ktok
1

k-w'-
or
:

wp"o
I :
:

pirtf?
t:
.-

pm
i I j : :

ib

toi *nim-rv x^i3"i Nniro pn-n* " -ori j1" <t att
:

:p w

i-

"

J
1

T wi '\

<t

T T

J-

Py ^It

NnnjN* ? it t
:

nw-i Att
:

Njpjna w: jinn* i" 5|' :

I

arm
>~

waaia n It:
I

jt t

HT

"

Di;

nsy-mm

trpi-nini

:ag-ng

tm xoitrr? pai
1P&
t

19

kpiyi nvtpt
-jv anai - t: jt
:

wy'flj e>\T)
|t

^0
|
:

ptffXl! h
""

***jpai 3
21
j~ t
:

:n-w-t N*rpn >3Kpy *jt

:

V,"

ntk-^ m*n
:

v icr
:

mx h N$b'rrn

N/rn Kts'srta nn Kaiai N*r#i jt u-jt at

:

-jt

<

-j_j,

" aa-nat it: -:

It
:
;

arm - ;t
:

mjr'?
:
:

msi -t
:

NSiyPa nn pm5px*a -: t<t ^

t
I

^ f^,* * ,-?<

kod3 k*o-jt "tai t t<

1

iJDi

1^12

im
ftr

?
:

vr:

firm rpai 22 S" r

I

23 jW'WDi' ^y-mDitr'pTmm n^nd mm trim "rya nir ? ton Ntraj tow p*bn now 24 ) *> -jTi nip NpN mn-n' nayi jp-mm nP ntn ^ Tt -t: p
:

^N^
-J
:

1-

t:

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t:

j-

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t:

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N*rm nijfr it: ;t-:A

:

Kjn*n Ntr'nnPa *IT

:

jt

m nP toya *
):

-:

At:-

t:-

piptp NJJpb-p ^S^V?

t
:

N5?$S "*3^
t:
:

T!

"P?! -^9
t -

26

"t
-

t:
- <t:

t^:jnai t
: :

jt^:
-

nb^3 biN-iT

:
:

t t

npn*-^ ^~t
:

wrm
)

mm
:

27

it

-:

:pnn I
I

N"a
jt
:

Napw idi
vt|
:

)-

n*n* A " t
1
:

n"j jt
:

vt

n :

n^vj
;t
:

NpN*-iT- -tei UDi iciD ^t :

-v

t:

1 prf? nbxi flnn- tinai 28 - -: t: jm t

1
:

-^m

j^DBh n2u*ji

to

\3i:d

16^

n^-^pni

14 (2 3)

/VtPNn^

Paradisus.

29

Tiru hxi DTfrN nBN>i - t v

v: -j1

p^n-ty nfrohn "v

I

it

r:

|t

rprr-toi t it:

irbstf? rrrr on ? p? jnr ^ -At ^-J" t iv ,v t

|t
:

|-

ly-nz T"
I

ia-nttfN v -:

ith-^d t t
|

-^ ran Vty orbtrn fyiy- ??^ p&n rprr ?^ -nn n^x ? ntry pn^a-n** rrrr -cm bn&tt n T tvt
4
1
i

:|-

at

./.

vjv

-:

31

-*m ino rno-mni nbT nra-^-nK bvfw *on *l :< :p ^t jv A ) Di; nprrnn my

:|-

-:

Wn
: I

|-

CAPUT
2 Di3 -i

^
t

dti^x

v:

^n

<- :-

Dao*-^
It

pxm own
v
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(4*7)
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1 *hn anna ? ix^o ? n^-'ra-'nfi nai vbip^n-rv*? -rvfa p^a n*?fl "U^a >anjn ^njnc box najpa

16

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j"VC'N"0

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Trun
8
9
*

N^pro [innnp? ninvmr ^[f? pp_npi$i *"l!? nDan n^tppi rnpf ^pq rjinN ^nn jg f.;p pp ?
:

*?p
|t<

Kntjy no now *on

t
,:a
:

-it

:-

|t

to idjh mitt ~
v
-:

;-

t ":

-t

tf7 jt

Hdni :

-jo

wp-p^p
nnnz

rpn*?" IP "pap ?

nois-n!

n
t
:

k]n$~p
1

rig

PTTO'i-fynf D1 etf? fpi KjpK n

:

NJnN-rv rf?sn

n# i^X'p

~]V$ 'PTn1
I
:

H^pl
1

12

:Njn*o \nn J" *)t

: :

^n
I"
:

^dd
|

n|at n^n-jno ? TD'in-N t ? ? it /

I

ir Nfiinn t t

fen t

pzwdm mn ^o
|t
:

r - at:

"-onp pp t|t:
I

|i"

now S - l*
/-

:^0p* |t
:

|:

^fl^rt m
-v: : :

irisrv fn-i
-"73

Npc^
l
|:

pp

^1 ^DO HNl ^"ippn-^D p? t ? npsn

NinN3 "t : :

" T

<-

1D

nw
i"T

7topD'?-N t -

n
,

^nn win pp^ <n nci pmq t

r
:

-|-

ft"

-*7}~x%y& 3*nn
:JT1

onp'IP
l

pp_

psqi

n^np^n
;

is

NEW
jTpjrj

P?1p ?P'*ni ?r"^T^"nin'

^Dpi
pp inn
1

i? him ^rrrv nn^n njHin

n*iwn!
T

17

T^wi
-p ?
;

nna dv^d
rt"T

Nfinpn age? *npi Njhnp

l-

is

V?1N wnno-i 'anno-jr T

1

t'tin

rvin nTy-rv hi^n "? * T ~.

I

-:

rrjriypfi
:

j^vr
; :

t^in* ^Np'vipi ^KBnnp-/T

:

19
=>

ni^n rfw \tmr\ men nny inn Ditr pett pnnn J" it-: t*t < Tin hdi pjatfa an*TJ73 linn nin ran to-rv my *] vt^t t t x^-Difi-^ ^2-r -o rinnn rrin xin ^ar twin men "AT
|T

t -:

A"

j"

i"

J"

t-:

-j

att

21

it

I,t

t -:

V.

~:

J4

(5,1)

n*5>N13

Adami posteri.

22-nxrvir mrttorton
rp-^Din
23

rp^
I-

ki "7ip

j'jrrgnfr T|-. :

i^rn^b'Dn-^^n^ mnxi ^nm rem unn- ?^ c'b ? rp ^mn |#q# h^vi rrp; vWp 19^ mo^ -fan jre#> rchn c\\* 3 tpidn *n -t n
1
1

^
j-

-.v."

"^

<

A'

|-

<
26

|t

j-

A"
,Li,
i

n):

v -I"-

teirroj

nc

:ppT

irn
rg

9 ^n nnn inx jnj brf?s

tp'ijN

D-C2

x-p? ^rnn

nc-nx
n

&npi p--r^
:

mrr
-

CAPUT
* D'rfrN
2

rwrra dHn b'rftN *oa nib din

%

mSn isd nr
:1]tn nir;:

boi^-ng Nnpn djtn rp;n djtq rop.^ -or

"f?^ rw' rwo-i d

c^ din *m
n$p
<:

Djjnjn dv? din*

nnj* din

*o?

vnn :rc lop-fig xipn 19^3 irviD-p

-t^'n rptf

vrn
Att

rrnjcn

oya

nfiip
-

nghng
-:

iT'rin
<
:

t t

t t

-rrn ngtfrwyi
d^c*

dw'

c*'pn ntr'-*rn
,l

:nb;i

7
-

jn# iri^-nx H riurw^s V.tt :n'ra

d
:

?in nrrN ntr-'rn

:Bfi$rn8

oja i^'vinjtr rteso rob?ft

rib*i

m# n'iNO ytfni ni# mirr dw

11

frn rtjtf hind robfc*i n .v^' rncT ran ;r p-nx itSi nix'^fm d^u- ran tmx^-^p vm :mvyi dm?
-nx i h n

1^

nf 7^'

p;p 'nn

:nb v rOB>
)

(5

n)

di^pjin Dijnn
rrr>
:

25

'oin-i-T j

tffrtiN

rfrtfi
jt
'

:NaiaNi |t

miaa-nor-Tri
it

22

rrnrrNi; t
-:

N^nai Ntrm t
At:
:

it

rrray-u^"^ ^
>~-:
:t

riria-i
I
:

rp
I

n^H3i n^Dp <

:

|-

Kni^-N t ? t
:

hot ?
1

A'

nj-vvn t v t

i\ti?
|
.'

'tr'J
-i"

^p

|t

n^nn n^an ND^r-N^-fiNi rain ^ao njn 24 nni ^d? ? N*?rj ? iN ?nN ni ^W""H8 *Jf? 15 m^l nwiN-;v -ny din jrn rtfjjptfi pS0#
-whs*
1

,l

pp.,

n:3

tf?n prriN -: It-:

l-i-

13 t: < ? arr rhox j-: Vv

,l

-n! *npi
:

15
:

tw
'

n W-rv mpi V wrrf|N ngfa :pp n^tpp^ ^an

hn

-:

ntr
iV"

rr|:

26

Not^'a r6tf?Q jt vt t ~

ncon-^d i?n Vribva ": t t jt

v:
:

pa
P<"

ip'Ijn
rtv:

tob>
v."

CAPUT

>

n
-isp

OTfrN mp-ja din*

-rv *npi rihrv<t|:
I
:

;*

*o;n xbi*5 din rrfrin

rux-ia t: A
1

jh
I

*
2

rra
I

-r-T

Napw "iai
it):

irrv |"T

nay

ynfrn) rrgp
firp
I

din

ntti

nxn^ Nsva din jinp#

-

3
4

np nw"-;t_ Nnpi rrf? v?-n nnio"ia "t^iNi pit?

I
:

na t^ini pjtf tine 'jon n#'-rv -r^iNi Via din rvoi pjb> pn*?ni hnq ^tr*n i*n din w-^a vim pai tt ntr'-wm tr'UN-jT i^iNi Pj# ram n*o nb-N^m t-:v pja i^ini p^' yatn hnd ooii ^iiiN-n* t^ni Sna "jv iTip-i p,}^ n## Tnrn nap ytrn ntr W-^a iirri Jai
v
:

Ia'

vt

t t

w
j"
:

n
7

|-

A'

-i-

IT

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v:

i-

A'

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>t

-:

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it

j"

v:

- t

nna^ijN N*m :rrp-n jt-:I

|t

|-

T ?iNi
t
i
:

p;a T'riNT p^'

:noi
?*jtr

n^ cpni njjq yon frp-nii^iN^

;*rn
ciis*

w
I

A-

vyi&B cn^NN^m jt-:I

<J-

"

I.

v:

ram hn^

w-^a

11m :pai

11

26

(5,1)

JV8PN1D
^jtfimrr* mfftn
t

Adami posteri.

13

Mam*

nm \m rn
T

^rtfim

i6

it is
19

npj nr rtefg yrm ])&> -ifrg j.yp D *m Dnsfc>i dw :rpn ^ttrrp m jTv-na -frn rviKO mb^i nip D^tr TVrnN iT^in nnx ^ttrrp pan 'w^no *d-^3 rm ntoi o\n "f?Vi m# :--: it
.

j-

'

V|T

V-

w
AT T
t

J'

I"

-I

<_

|-

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i-

at t

tt-wi

d
:

rttpj rgtf

tv-w
rv*g >

-pjn-nx "frn

bWfll rur n^gi nyc &&&\ n pp

rfiNg mb^'i rotf
y

D03 ifrn
-

mp
n'yc

rteto robtf "tun-nx i-r'rn

new
:riuy\

\?rv\

h&uft

wtw ly-^-^ vnn

d
:

2i

-r n nrj'
ii^in

dW] ran rpin *rn

nbn

rotf

22
23

24

nm o^xn-nx njvn rfinrw n^ing-na* >nn :n'i^ orD f?'w rw nu*g b^ nWing-n** J?3 "j^nnn rmg ir^n b Wi irpn
:

njjtf
:

rrie

-|i:n *p*

n - nn j- ::

D^ri^N in'K np*?-^ iitni D*rf7KrrnK v \r~r v: |t a

|.
:
v.

nun
I

-:

-p^-nx
t

i^'vi nj;r

n s 2i
%
k

rrjt^"

cwbs*i

jn#

n^jr'inp

26

rw'
d

btfiDBn

dw "p'rnx
:

iT^'in

nnx
rjjtf

n'pBnng

27 p!-

?3
:

rnn

niJDi

DJ3

i^n

niNg jn^i

nb*i
V
v-

nr
Att

'

n\wo
.

yttfro rricy

bns^i

;:n
:

rfTe^no
|

28
29
^

p
l|

-i^ii

rrJir

riND-i j-

m#
itt
|

D'iDBn Dn# no#-rm :; v

1

:|-

foyyw taswpp
i-p'rin J
|

worn* rn "ion ? nj iojy-nN xipn

;|-
:

hnx i^nn m,T mix i&x n?~\xn-\? i.vt -:;...

... I

T - ;r

,..-;

T - :JT

d jd

rn

nys rwg worn

r\yc

DWiT) u pn m-n^t
D
:njpprgB^

32

^nnrniN: w'pn-p m-'nn

v. 29.

K^nn

Dtip tyijn D'^o 1 oipm, -nya

nn

^
(5 r?)

Di^pjiK Dijnn
trm t^pryo-jr t^iki pr* p#:i0 p;p kjpji i ?ini wjy pya-wi nxs ^on "w^no-jr T'Tten
fip
,1
:

27

nnn
pja
ktji
L,
ii
t

jtoi p:c* -it^i rrgi?

^'n

jyp

W-*?? iirri jni

:

Jo

N ? ?n^ N^ni :TV-rv t^ini

pj^'

ram pncr ^n^db

4
:

16

pj# ram n&r?) pins \?sn 7^?rjo 'pi*- ?? Virp f^i :")iJn-n! t^ini px* pnnni pnc^j nxoiT-N;m rjrpi
l

17

VTUn Hro "rr-wm pjc wni ]m&) ngq yra tv- w-^3 Vim fjji p^
i^ini ;
:

w
1

is 19
=>

iV

hnq
IT
:

jan niin-/v -: J"

:
|

J'

YY

-:

n^nns-rv t^iki pjp ram pw' "p jn ntti rvpi ffrfl n^inp-jr i^iNl itq i Nfftrrn rpjq tjf rn nxs rfrn nun w-*?a mm :pm pia t'tiki pj# hnd ; <t t it-:v A J" A
: :

21

22

23 24

I|t

^t

"HN

*iTin! ?j^"i

w-frrra
i

rji^rr

rj^ni

p^ ram pncri
mrr rvsN-N'?
:

p^" ypg*i pjpnj nijp rY?ihng N*m

7]o*?"n!
"*?? i*m_
:

tftfan
:
i

urQ

rfpfeftn?
PjJJ?

arm

Tpjrn! t^iki

26

wn rm
-n:

pi p^? t^ini
pjtf jftpni
:

P5>m Horn

rK2?-3njp 27
28

pwi Who ytfn

pjtr

nW*ino 01*
1

p
I

j-

pnnm f:prn rm? w^ mx^i m-duto M3orw rn no*D^ m tt: TT m

*opi

13 i^iNn
t

rjp ? 29

t<t
t

-:

at

nw
)

-ran m-rv i^ian Sns _ T

..

_.

_,.

7io
j

..

rNm _._
T

:"
t

)T

mh H Nina r
^

^-^
-"13
:

iirn

:| r

ni pps i^iNi pj^

ram

py&r'rn nijp 31
1

nrmm

jj-vpi

pj^'^'i
Dtr'-n*

pjj?5tri

njyp-jn^* tj ?

32

ns*-jn Dn-n:

m i^ini p:C hkd ran

28

(6 Y)

n^

J!

M u
(>

N13
1

Noaeh us.

CAPUT

nip nrro
jit-h ? t
I
|

>3

dint? nto-fttj fa^n^xn-^n itrm :Drr?

:

ittdWn too d^j brf? irrp*i dhcti rrsjo vb; vm igo ran dx*3 ojj^? bnwjj nn -lir'K p-nnN dji b.nn trpya pSb vn o^san nr
1

riirr t

idk*i j-

|t

/Y

-:

v t

<

|:

'

onaan nan orf? rfji tnxp rto J 78 brf?$n ya wa; otr'n njn nan >a ni.*? N"n & DJiyp ^j?8
:

wn
t
:

Di n- ?3 jn * \i
I

p")
\

I-

13 ? nattfna -i
: :

w^ai pto
I

vat t

d-inh it t
|t

6 :i3'?-'?N agfjtfvi 7

& ^j^g
*3

pga

dikjtth*

nfe>)j-^ njrr

diw

nNn3-x>'N DnNp-ng nnpN nin; ig^i

nbna~u,: dins nbni*n

DW'n f]tyi#i b'pn-r;*

5
:

rnrr rya

n n^o mi on

>3

Tom
rfflt

m nana
9
*

tin vrn-p rrn orpn

pnx

cr\\* rli
:

m rn^in

ii

ornN D.i3 ntr'W nj "frn nrn^nnn trrfwn pan Nj?sni D^tfrr:^? pNnnn#jni jn^Titfi on
tin

12

nw'rr'3
v
,

nnrroti t at
:

nam
j"

pkhtw
|

it

tfrfw kti osn t :j

:
;

v:

|t

13 rfi*?

D n h N* ngrih

R^rr

J
?j;
1

iaTrntf

"n??"*??
j>jj

D0j$g osn

pan

njta-'a is ? jo

Wa-^a

u
113

o\ap nj-#nari bfc ntr# :pjj$rrn#

Dnn#o vom

nn :iD33

pnpmaD

nnkfn&;ji nannTtf nfc>#n

D^on nann rpN

nib**

niNO

b>W nnN nfcwi Wn

(6 1)

D'HpJIN D1J"in
CAPUT
(>

29

RTJJM N\jnK 'SK- ?;? ^PP"?

W?$PJ IKn^-D
1

fTpl

^ap pb^ pn ? lara pix H^C' antra m*H ^-n oty ? rtDip inn ^d-kti D-pn*-^ )J<t t"-: At
npio
.

jW'JjTVw
I:

t|t:

*w>a prnaiyi n pinn qw JMKn kws 8jn? tirj anaa p^vr Knaa p|K \'mv fn^n ntok rua ? WTETi y? p^JC
-dk pj#-pfc>)ji
nistp fin*? arr

jo-in

kc\;n
|t

nt^a n*np
t
;

ng jgrji
1
:

Kpt^'i ptr'a*
: :

^P^OI
Kinaa _
Tit
:
: :

iNW-^a
-

tfa Tirf?

rra ? ro^'no irwr-^ai t t jt

-log! NJpNa DiK-rv "D#-n>s* nnppa ani

-jv
*-

>

t?p#
T
*-.
.

np*jn
*T

rrpiirg pippin
T ._
|..

"lanpynnp^n
...

"

^T .__,.._

..

<T

...

-nx nooa rvan-nK nw-i K&1# un nip'iti * -: -: ' " At" ro m nn^in p^N :" Dtp pom rra^'K mi mmaj; -.-. ~ ~ ini'^n ,p wj^TO 'rrn-ja mrr D^ir war na? rtonnan n#-m Dn-rv w-rv-Ip^a Nft>n m t^ni n t r
l:

v /T

jt

L-

IT

jt

<

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jt)t:

i.-

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1L

W\x-w " arm rp&ien Njnx na^o/iNi " nip Nina -;:: Tt Tt by rrmN-fv eon jobo-'td frarrnK n^anrw am ^t y s^ jo^a-^a 'Nvp nh nbai k^hn -nx \p-tp ? -xm N^a prrH.a'W-D'ip-fp psion Njrw rw^pru*
"It

--;t:

st-:-

|-

-:

:At:

jt|t:

12

""-

;tv:

;t

At

jt

13

-p>\sn Knia^ri
fcoaai vjo itt ,t
rTfi'
vt t

^
y
:
:

i*aj^
:

:K3p^-Dj; pn'parrp kjm

I

m
1D

'iinni -

Nman-n nayn pnno onipi j-": at

i-

:|-

NaniN* T <

pbx hn^ n^n nn* -raym JT Att l"^: I

"

JT

pii
I

jjn^yiaa
|t
:

"

30

(7?)

TO
1
\

iTt'KID
:

Diluvium.

i6

nan ? nvzn

in'y

nnwtf
iv

nm D^tpn nam rroN

:

D^n mva
A'

jt

rrann vt " -

rrntfi -

rrtytfjo rtf?an rrBK-^Ni t tjv t ~

"*
:

nnpq D"n rrn ia-x\x "ib'a-^a

is

rw

Yixrrty b?b
-:

twin
I,-t

jvn-nN Tibprn ]-.]v

i-

:jru ~\T.-

pNa-ntrfc ^a vitt y
I

own
ATT
! i

:T]jriN

^a '^
1

^n^Nl ^ai nriN nhfirr^ rwai

19
-

fijDp ?

naw-^ Kari ^aq

t
: I I
:

w
|"
ft-

J nisb-^aq *nn 7aq

| :

m^nianarrpi ^xmh WnDjvn^apjnanriN *J t

|-

it|":

jt

|at

inrnrf? ri^K wa' s aa -: |t IV

I

DWinrtf? na-wn ran ;:

>t

t -.

|t

v r:

'jaa
-it

21 22

rrm n^x nsDNi ^aw ie\v baND-'jaD ^-np t|" t jv

,t

rtv

IT

|T

'

-:

-: |-

nnw
:

D^nSx V
v:

iriN v

my
jt

-rate -:
v

^aa to trri - a "H

7

r^a** ? orfTi t ivt

|t
: :
:

^
,\
:

CAPUT
*
2

?inN-a
; I
:
I

nanrr^N v
rtT

Tirva-^ai t
1
1
:

nnx-Na to s nn' -\am er n :

rnintpn
j
-:

nanan

^aq
:

rrrn

ina
-i'

^a"?
"yr

pnx mn
:

N h leftl nonan-roi incwn trw nyatf t v a

I

"vr

rrjraty
\-

tfrnpn |vl
.

|"

Tr

j-

<
t

-i-

v
-iTT

jt

D*a ,h t
:

*a

pNn-^a js-ty ^ nrrf? nap:i -or nya# ^- jnr ) Tt v

I

|t

-IV

,vr|"

id "T" nq-itfn ; tyo vrfc^nBto bip^a-riN nwi fry? t :At t *t jv T T

s
?

-:

|t

n
toc'
7
-

n'wq tf#-f3
, i

toi

nirr iniv-i^'N

^aa
4

to irjn

-*c :

incNi v:a? to N*an

:

i^rj-^

n\n

Pijn

^aqro

nH'inipD

nanan-p ^a^n *o ;j$q nanri^N inx vja

4

c'a-i-icw ^ai ^U'n-pi nnrrq TOrx"ic\s nbrr^rT-fqi

(7

Di^pjiN

Dunn
pgfipn

31

nn? :npn pps

pn^rw rrms ppa

x^yni

16

parr^m r^^n pNjnwpn'HO

:

w
t -:

moDa KmaTn
t

Kjrwty wo WAio-fr vvo Sowatn wiw ~jtt *t t

:

-:

rrnayn *: |t
:

it

^b wptr n'rao wpn wrrn ha-H wj^a- ?? ^arf?

1

Nto^Vi^l^^pjp-n! d^w tnizp: ajrwa-n K^rtso rrr ?ap :7])g^T]^^?|jrwio 7]joiijN

l ?
i

is

19

p7i

Kaj^i "ot t]o#

**g>tn

Nop ? Kno;Y? yjjn tfjaq fnn

1

NJH&H
Tfrap
:

^i n^
1

fcTptfrJPi *Cfiif?

Ngtyp

nw
prfa
I
1.

Npjp ?
I

*?yti? " |t
:

*fr n

m
I"
:
:

7]nt> p^gj tf?iao

1 i
:
:

fnn
:

rrtjf? 21

Tin) ? |(Stt:

ia#

[3

^o-^ao pwt Tp.5 n ^'35 m npnj

Kftam ybtfrttn
-:
:

22

CAPUT
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Note.

Here

belong the Aramaic portions of the Bible;

viz..

Genesis

XXXI..

47 (2 words).

Jer. X.. 11.

roy A"^:

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IT..

4bVII.,
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IV.,

8VI.,

VII., 1226.

For the Longer passages

Bible.

in

Daniel and Ezra, the student

ia

referred to his

Hebrew

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1

nhsn ty

rfaui

no#o
tyo ?
1

njni

wn
Napu

wijrYioflf^ ^#3 fpm rm^'N n ?"! Noyoi DNion finnno narou

Tt> lOtto ttfQ

NJOTN HNJOTN
frfrg

^1X1 :! Nfipto? H
>l

"Pi NoDn "iq*q ty_ ? T||q pstf? pfflin rwoja *? lo^nNi Nnriu riprjsn ^riiorj d# n-Djn ntvo'b p pnwi PP'pa
"? ">y
*!

n?
1

"ffj

*px
oj?

rpojr; Tprftrrj jppD?*i

1
1

"1^5
1

nw
1

T?

ftp;

sno^ nwu* ? n ?^ rj<ninfe xjnNi t^oni rj^ ^ay ? inioncw* n rriaj^ai ^ohno no^' TjnjN rn Dtp rj-oty *?# p-jn no ?^ at? "naa ntjutn ? nn*a "antsn wfrN Dip >nsa no ?^ ~ itt
p3
:

"I*

^
1

12

-:

t t v: t:

r
I

t|t:

NHDf Ninnrn
npzi) n-\a
oriN
:

rvifi]

r\y?w *im rnnn rraOTN^

inzfr nssip ]n [p
rrsB^K
1

ay. sjjj^n

w#n
^ittj 13
. .
.

wt\

rjyjE?
-

PPD1
t
|:

rnqNi
1

hn^i

nti^o orwi ph N*?rrM 'aTD ? jmBONi] jnoro -:-;-:-: t t t

njj"! Na^j;
5

fpnp ? jniTD^rj] rjnpN d ? ?# ppirqri

1

no ?^] p'pn ^ nno ? or ? ^nnpN fjjft r#ia n ? -ioni

1

rr ? aq*o awrip-pp T

xin ;>

&$$

pjrn

14

=p"!#P

T'PDi K017 ?

jo ^dtti KD^pn

onjp nthi^d

52

oijnn
"\3#?TOj7!

>b

:n^ntw] njn^i rtsgi^ nop n ?

1

i6
it

n^ p-iwi
:

"irip f]Ni
afti

njnsprin

from

m nswn

max nm^
pro?

pipatfm

^7?? TJfl k*tdk

i8n'f;n rraioi

tpiyp

rfrro
jt

N^PIfi
1

[p npiDNn

nt^OT np
iN^i

prrri^ nini Pinion njm xrnp?

1

-dj-'P ?

tfTgypx

[n

*W
rp*?

fl!3 ft ?

nnioq n?
jraa an;

rv nrtoff?

nxim rpnp
1

JT1W0H
1

n^ntraa *rpj ary mo$n np# na^p ? n^npan iino nrfo ? pjg3 rroti jrtfn npnp pn kdv
d#i tin
:

w
wrr

ox nvra'p
d#

patr Nfrj h

NB^pp
1

oijo

ran tojTTisb JH5I Kft

Nan

^np p$ n ? rnpg)
t]N

*mo

21

^h
d#

~on*

mix

rrasto
[pr

nn

rnogi

22

nnp^i :^h wnvn ^p n! pw'! hdi

pisri

-# pspinn

cnv
nD

to *W
^a
II?
:

nrVpa rvn nY? pjjj

23npniNi

:pnix Spna

nyni
:

pijfl?

w'H

ino^ "^VO ? ^31 *inp ?W3

pjri#
1

n^i

pinion

d# nrrnn

pcari

Ant. Paris P.

WD-ISD.

NOTES

LIST

OF ABBREVIATIONS*

USED

IN

NOTES AND VOCABULARY.

act., active,

Ittaf., Ittaphal.

adj., adjective,

Jer.,
in.,

Jerusalem.

adv., adverb.

masculine.

Aph., Aphel. apoc, apocopated,

c,

ord., ordinal.

Pa., Pael.
part., participle,

common,
causative,
-ed.

cans;.,

parte, particle,
partic, particularly,
pass., passive.

com p., compound,

conj., conjunction.

const., construct.

Pe., Peal,
per.,

daghesh. dem., demonstrative,

dag.,

person.

pers., personal,
pi., plur.,

denom., denominative. (Mil ph., emphatic,

esp., especially.
f.,

plural,

preform., preformative.
prep., preposition.
pr. n.,

feminine.
following.

proper name,

foil.,

pron., pronoun.

Imp., Imperative.
Impf., Imperfect.
Inf., Infinitive

pronom., pronominal,
refl.,
s.,

reflexive.

sing., singular.

insep., inseparable.
inter., interrogative,
interj., interjection.

Shaf., Shaphel.
sig.,

signification.

sulij.,

subjunctive.

Ishtf., Ishtaphal.

subs., substantive,
suff., suffix, -es.
Taii;'..

Ithpa., ItKpaal.

Ithpe., Tthpeel.
*

Targum.

Those omitted

will

he readily understood.

NOTES ON THE TARGUM OF ONKELOS.

GENESIS I X.
Chap.
I. 1.
**,

abbreviation for HliT,

J"!*

is

generally used in the

Targums
appears
."

to render *^*1^,

an d 0*ri.Ni the latter usually

when
(TliT
t
:

as here it occurs as the sole appellation of the Deity.

in the

D'Ht^
v: * *

London Polyglot
.

as

'{< **,

in the Paris

Polyglot as

XH T X m 7 T
ilar

ar>d, as is said, in

some other editions

as

KHt'N
T
i

Sim-

v:

expressions render nlfT ^"TX-

No
it

satisfactory explanation
offered.

of this sole abbreviation in the

Targums has been

The

Jews were accustomed

emph.. state, indicated by

to

pronounce
.

^"IN- N^&V

Xl^N-

This ending stands properly for the

it

Heb.

article,

but the state marked by

is

comes

to be used, just as

the absolute state

2-

used, without idea of defmiteness.

the icind

"Ul

NITm

and

from

the presence

of the Lord was

blowing
it

etc.

The connection points out

to the

means

spirit, as

for (TH- If some maintain, we have here the opening of an

this

meaning

idea,

common

Jewish theology, of

a personal, created being,,

sent forth by

God

to operate in the forces of nature

and upon the

the souls of men.*

4.

C^I^X.
"\X)

Tsere written fully as often in the Targums.

is

II-

fcOti^ herb whose son-seed

sown

i.

e.

such vegetable
v\*XT)t has

products as contain in the plant the seed to be sown.

the usual Targum-suffix for
*
J"|

This

is

the opininion of Weber.

See his "System dcr Altsynagogalen Palae-

stinischen Theologie,"

page

184.

Leipzig, 1880.

56

NOTES.
12.

r)|T)X Aph. for ri[5)N-

Tsere frequently occurs

in

place

of Sh'va.
13.

*nljf?

to his

kinds*
In the unpointed text

^KJHvfl

for *iy*?F\-

M wa s used

to

distinguish final *__ from . _ and then J< was inserted in place of
14.

prp
4

with'them {yn\r$).

21.

iS

C'n"n.

Tsere for Sh'va.

28.

31.

N^nil- *_ for ShVa.f ppn usually ppfi in Onkelos.

II. 2.

Chap.

V^*T*

Peel, a peculiar Pael

form

in

which

takes
is

the place of daghesh in the second radical.

The second Tsere

used interchangeably with Hireq as occurs very frequently in the

several conjugations of Aramaic verbs.
4. 5.
L,

D'n
28.

N-

Hebraism.

See Note on

I. 1.

C'TJO' clearly erroneous. Read C^N") with the editions cited T

'UH

at

I.

7.

n\**n and

it

(breath) lecame in

Adam

a talking spirit.

8.

ptD^p^P
'1JH

probably means here in the early time, formerly.

If

so,
9-

Onkelos misunderstood the passage.

j?*N1 and{the)
evil.

tree the eaters

of whose fruit know between

good and
12.

p.tD^H for

p23fT
The Berlin
edition refer-

XrT?"0 The

Punctuators adopted this pointing to avoid

confusing Qamets with Qamets-Hatuph.

red to has the correct reading.
*

The Paris Polyglot has Holem.

grammarians who have
precisely the

It

is

not necessary to suppose witt Buxtorf and the

followed him thai Onkelos has rendered exactly the Heb. (and therefore th it
'Hi
is

used

in

the

Targums

for n_>; for in vs. 21 he has

made

same

mistake in a form which makes the fad evident.

At best,
sing,
14.

assertion based
plur.

words which would be the same

t

in

form for both

See note on VII.

and

on nouns offers

scanty proof for irregular usage.

So in Buxtorf and the Polyglots.

1859,

In the editions of onkelos, Berlin, 1863

and Vienna,
edition
I

Tsere appears as

in vs. 21.

For certain readings of the Vienna

am

indebted to Rabbi Felsenthal.

GENESIS
14.

III.

TlDNl KITH!? ?
(this side)
')X\

to the

East of Assyria

i.

c, to the front-

ward
17.
its

of Assyria.
out

P^DNT J^NDI, t
I
:

from
'

the tree
,

of those who ratine/

1).

fruit discern etc.

The Paris Polyglot has

means

v3N as in vs.

18.

*in

**!,

so pointed,

that lias been; but this introduces

a singular turn of thought.

Two

other explanations are possible

(1) that the words are a corruption from the single word ^liT*!;

(2) that

^nQ ?
1

of the Paris Polyglot and other editions

is

the cor-

rect text.
23.
lical

rD^P.3
Aramaic.

Peil, a Passive conjugation,

more frequent

in

Bib-

24.

This verse seems to refer to the unfitness of intermarriage

relatives,

among near
25.

an idea not contained in the original.

pp^np
and perhaps
3.

probably should be Ithpe. as in the Paris Polyin

glot

Walton.

chap. in.
5.

mn = nb $fr n.
On
account of the sublimity of God, the Jewish

p2"^"V

theologians would assign nothing

proach to divine attributes to a

1

human to Him, much less an aphuman being. Hence the text must
is

be improved wherever any such likeness

6.

found.
it

j"P-l
it,

{*s'?Dr)DX t t
:

!'i
:

either to contemplate

or to Leome wise
*

through

probably the latter.

fQD^

as

though

had Sh'va

rather than Pattah.

7. 8.

prif.
:

Hebraistic plural.

&Ob*Qt

This term

is

derived from

Word.

It is applied in the Targu'ms to

*)N and means the God when there is involved

This personal idea grew
first, it

the idea of His active agency in the world.

out of such passages as

Isa.

LV.

11.

At

appears in these

Paraphrases where the original contains anthropomorphic expressions,

but

it

soon came to be employed for

God

in

His immediate
to

mundane

activities; thus, creation

and judgment are attributed

58

NOTES.
Person,

tlii s

He
is

is

the

Redeemer and Protector of

Israel,

and her

prophets receive their commission from Him.

This Person
ger of

carefully to be distinguished from a mere messen-

God and from the Messiah of the Old Test. It must be remembered also that, while the later Jewish theology dropped the term as they did their idea of the immediate activity of God in the
world, the word

JO^u*

really supplied its place, having

come

to

mean

the personal representative of God, rather than the imper-

sonal symbol of His presence*

fore tflg10.

^1,

*1

with Pattah as though be-

iT'TIl'"! for

iT?rfl

as if

it

were

Peil.

Tsere

is

also written

fully as so often in the Targums.

jV"lEpN-

Ithpa. from "IlDw

with /I assim.
ii.
13.

Such forms throw

light on the so-called Ittaphal.

y-n^H-j.
jyjjDK
'1JH

XJ and >$$$.
be

15.

fcOH he shall

mindful of thee what thou didst

to

him

at the beginning
19.

and

thou shalt be watchful of him at the end.

N")2N

should read frnfitf.

21.

Onkelos wrongly interpreted

")^

as the part of

man

to

be

covered instead of the material out of which the covering was made.
22a.

circumlocution to avoid the theology of the original pasvs. 5.

sage.

See Note on
1.
** t:

Chap. IV.

D"Tp-?!Dt|t:
I

DHp
far

was

word very useful

in the

to avoid

t|t.

bad theology.

Jehovah was

from men

upper regions.

His name could not even be pronounced, much

supposed to
4.
7.

less could

He be

act in the help-giving

way described
in

in the original.

**03

for

*"03 which

is

found

some

editions.

Will not, if thou makcst good thy work, there be forgiveness for
.

Urn
*

mill, if thou tlost not

a satisfactory

make good

thy trek,

to tlu

day of judgment
is

For

explanation of this Jewish idea the writer

of the volume already mentioned.

indebted to

Weber.

See

p. 174 sq.

GENESIS

VI.

59

thy sin is reserved, which will be exacted from thee, if thou do not repent,

and,
13.

if thou repent, it will be forgiven to thee.

The

interpretation of Onkelos might he correct were

it

not

for vs. 14 which shows that Cain seeks a mitigation of punishment.

14. 16.

*)>&*.

See

"!') in

Vocabulary.
to

ppip^.P-

Onkelos seems

mean

that this land (of the

wanderer and outcast, as he defines

the beginning.

HJ) was prepared for Cain in The Hebrew simply asserts that it was East of
suffix is pleonastic.
,

Eden.
20. 23.

|irQ"V

The
for
t

|JJQ#

N j;X'-Nn iN
I destroyed

for

KJ^^.- WN^ not a

my
seed should

man

have I killed that on his account

I should bear punishment and

also not a youth have

that on his account

be finished (Ithpeel).
24.

IN^jlN
T

for 'Hltf >'e suspended.

26.

ItTT forebore, ceased.

Chap. V.

Compare carefully the Hebrew

of this chapter, note

the different order of the numerals and the plural pJJ*/ for the singular in Hebrew.

Chap. VI.

1.

IXHtf/.

We

must suppose

either, (1) that this is

a very irregular Peal form used like such forms as lit*'

Us

in

He-

brew) or Vli*/ (after the analogy of the other conjugations);

that
it

or, (2)

is

Pael, initial Sh'va having been substituted for Qamets.

The
3.

editions, as far as consulted, unite in the reading of the text.

For ideas

in the original

which Onkelos has missed see Dill-

mann on
4.

Genesis.*
for

pHj^

' or '. [iHilD |1^1 and

they (the daughters)

were bearing on account of them (the giants).

*

In Kurzgefasstes ezegetisches Handbuch zum Alt.

Test.

Die Genesis,

4.

Aufl.,

Leipzig, 1882.

60

NOTES.
6. 7.

nn0*03jTDri-

See Note to

III. 8.

Seghol incorrectly with \

robberies.

11-

|*2iOn

Some

editions have the reading j'^lOfl

robbers.
20.

VfoW

for
1.

' or

'.

Other editions have the

latter.

Chap. VII.

*JDin. t:
t
t|

Dip

is

originally a

noun and takes suf-

t|t:

fixes in the plural after the

Hebrew

analogy.

Most

editions give

the ending

P*!?"?.

The Heb.

article is

used with dem. pro-

nouns and pron. of the 3d person

r<

in the sense of just this or this

ry.

14.

T\yfr

may

be taken as plural noun with

cf.

suff.

3d

sing.

f.

See

Dan. VIL'20 and

1(3.

Gen.

I.

12, 20.

pJN protected
a

or sheltered

from

pj Aph.

J^tf or

|*JJj{.

The

change of

lung into the corresponding short vowel with dag. forte,

or the reverse, and the consequent appearance of alternative forms,

which

is

frequent

in

Aramaic,

is

illustrated in

of both

n
%

and

fT^ from PlM

is

Perhaps
and
pjjtf

it

Hebrew by the use may be said more

this

strictly that

j\JX

Aph. from
or,

suggests an original ftrO-

from pj and that better perhaps, CO.} in Hebrew.

JJJ

Cf.

the Aramaic synonyms C"l3 an d C*3^-

Chap. VIII.
the Targums.

3.

PDW

for tf according to the regular usage of

See the Paradigm. IIDfl-

For Qamets read Pattah

with Paris Polyglot.

13.

131.33 for

"Q1J3 which

is

found

in

some

editions.

16.

p13 from pflj.

17.

WSy)
.").

Inipf.

Peal from '**} with dag. forte incorrectly

omitted.

Chap. IX.
6.

tuTV'i'TUT-

fl3jT#|)l Hebraism for JOiX'sDl Ithpe. Impf. from -]#K qi.

rf

11.

Ithpeel from

V't!'-

GENESIS
14.
JT1J.1J7
T

X.

61

TfiX1#5- Pael Inf witn

-

suff of lst Person.

-

Mty becomes
For
this

before suffixes.

pD"l- Paris Polyglot 'y\ (see Note to II. 12). noun some editions read "0*10 which seems preferable.
lo'
.

24.

-|J/flN from ")1^.

27.

N^pp'made

In the Targums, the relation of the Shechinah to

the Glory (Kip*, *1p*N) of the latter

visible to

God is such, that the former is simply men as the sign of the Divine presence
It is not that
is

and activity and personal communion with them.

Glory
itself, for
all

that dwells upon the throne in

it is

Heaven and

hid-

den from

but God, but

glory of the glory, splendor from the

splendor of His countenance.

course between inah itself
of the
is

At the same time, personal interGod and His people is maintained, and the Shechmade to dwell with them through the efficient action

Word.

In the later literature, there was grafted on this notion the personal idea contained in N"")Q*Q, this being necessitated by the exclusion of the latter from the theology.

The Shechinah

is

now not

only the splendor of

God made

visible in cloud,

but also becomes

the mediator of the Divine operations.

Its personal qualities in-

crease and at last there appears full-grown the idea of a Shechinah,

not merely active in Israel, but present in every place, and, through
it,

God

enters into any desired earthly activity, without vacating

in the

His proper abode

heavenly sphere*
1.

Cf above Note on
.

III.

8 and below Note on Isa. VI.

Chap. X. 11. ^Dirn. A name given to a suburb of Nineveh from the broad squares of which it was composed.
25.

ru^snN

i.

q.

nfrsriN.

See Weber,

p. 179 sq.

NOTES.

NOTES ON THE BIBLICAL ARAMAIC.

JEREMIAH
DiPl-

X.

11.

Hebraism for
it

fin JO"IX

for

NjTjtt

in

its

hanl

sound, as
is

appears in Arabic, passes easily into p.

The exchange

frequent in the Targums.

}-DN* for p"lDN , il'pN- Hebraism.

it.

This verse
captivity.

is

probably an interpolation made during or after the

of Kennicott omits

The MS. 526

DANIEL
Chap.
II. 5.

II.

4b VII.

28.

il^-

1 f r

as often in Biblical Aramaic.

NHb'")

for

\NHC*> The

Chaldeans of the Book of Daniel formed

the priest class of the Babylonian wise-men, later writers sometimes extending the term to the entire college of wise-men, and
also gave

much

attention to astronomy and astrology.

first in

This limited
prob-

meaning of the term appears

ably
first

Daniel.

The name was

members

applied by outlying peoples to travelling

of the
repre-

class, for

Babylonia (Chaldea) gave the sciences these

its

men

sented to the entire Orient* For

a

use to designate the people as

PI

whole sec Note on V. 30.

\lTw^2-

for {<

as occurs frei-

quently in Biblical Aramaic.

Nlft?
f.

for

jl^N

(1

Q- *?
f.

and jl

is

changed to

as usually in the
is
t: |t

Talmud with the 3d

sing.)f

The

reading of Baer, K"tfN

Part. act.

Various other explanations

have been offered for which consult the Commentaries and especially

Note by Fried. Delitzsch

in the preface to Baer's Edition.

OJIJHlnfl (0_ |U*"Tinn).

preference
is

The

sign of the Aph.,

is

which by

pf

in

Biblical Aramaic,
,l

often retained after the

tense characteristic.
*

T0-

See 2 Kings X. 27
Art. Chalducr by

See Riehm Handivoerterbuch dcs Biblischcyi AUcrthums.

Schrader.
t See

Grammar of Luzzatto

p. 88.

>

DANIEL
6.

II.

G3

n*tf*0'
I
:

Probably

office
e.,
*

or position.

See
all

v. 17.

tiDHI your law, ^13N- In some verbs

9.
It

i.

the purpose of

of you

is

the same.

is

assimilated as J and then, conversely,

al-

appears as

J, in

accordance with later usage, which occasionally

lowed the insertion to avoid doubling the following consonant.

vs. 25.

Cf.

10.

*?2V-

Hebraism.

Dblfl

(0*111) sacred scribe.

See Gren.

XLI. 24. flj^^ conjurer from v"|CO to breathe, the breath being employed in their incantations (This reading is to be preferred to
that given in Vocabulary.)
12.

*p**)!l.

A
'^.

general term including the priests and other

learned classes in the realm.

13. 14.
19.

jinp..? for

,l

?tDprip were being

*j

slain.

^pll

?-

Ace. with
to

as direct object.

^J, according

most

authorities,
it

is

a passive participle.

It

is

better with Luzzatto to call

Peil Perfect.

22.
25.

$yn$.
'"J^il-

Read

for

As

is

inserted, in

impure Aramaic,

to avoid doub-

ling a consonant,
is

whether dag. forte has arisen from J or not, so it sometimes employed to form a mixed syllable, where a simple
with heightened vowel would be expected.

syllable

See vs.

9.

26. 27.

jflJfTlrfa

See Note to Gen. IX.

14.

pirj diviners or astrologers who pretended

to

determine the

destinies of
30.
34.

men from

the place of the stars at their birth.

vs. 19.

>Sj.

See Note to

nirjnn, np*jn

for

niunn, np*in.

39.
40.

iroi. q.in*o. JHfl from jftfH.

Daniel became governor of the province of ")J0 np^t^flBabylon and president of the college of wise-men. The Chaldean
48.

kingdom was divided

into provinces (III.

2).

pJJD administrators

64

NOTES.

or vice-gerents
4 .\
(

hero,

the leaders of the wise-men.

i.

See III.

2.

In

tht

gate of the king,

e.,

he resided
for the

at
\

the roya] court

rovincc.

while his friends executed his

commands

Chap. III.

2* The names
The

of some of these officials are of un-

certain etymology.

first three,

however, seem to be classed

together and to include executive functions while the others refer

to judicial

and financial matters.

N^jDTlu'n^

thi

governor-genin the proaffairs.

rods.

These were the chief representatives of the king

vinces and were set over them as administrators of their

The

derivation

is

from old Persian and Zend [province-guardians),

Greek, Zarfxi-r/r $\3JD the superintendents, lieutenant-satraps. At

first

the

office

included spiritual and

civil

functions but finally was

for the

most part

a military position.

}<?jT)P3These
,

Probably from
officers

the old Persian but of doubtful meaning.

itary or civil according to the period

were mil-

and represented
!

a sovereign as
~)?J1

**R{^) the Hi'jn 7J$ (from chief counsellors, supreme judges. {^"OH.! (Aryan) the managers 8; VI. 21. NHDiTl (old Persof the public treasury. See Ezra law, the lawyers. ^'D^D ian) the learned _Xi) dispensers of justice, counsellors. \?u?u* rulers, such officials as are not previously enumerated. Cf. Ecc. VIII. rO^fl feas of dedica-

provincial prefects or governors.

I.

in tfa

4.

tion.
'

Cf.

Ezra VI.

16.

NJ"lp horn, the tuba of the

" musical reed or
fife

ancients.

Sec Josh. VI.

to whistle.

5.

KiTpi'ltyO

from p"IC

Probably

the Septuagint has rendered correctly by shtpherd 's pipe,

of several reeds of different lengths and thicknesses

composed
the Greek
to the

bound together,
i

which was played

at

the end. lHj"V*

see

or

D^jVp

harp. frODC
'>

{02Dis

The word corresponds

of

Greek

".
is

but the instrument

Tt

of Syrian origin and the

is

name
Creek

therefore
*

Shi mitic.

had four stringsJHflJDfl

:'

For the terms used

In vss.

and

<

-]

cially Kt-il

and Lange

In luco.

DANIEL
origin differing

IV.

65

from the harp only

in the position of the strings

with

relation to the sounding-board.

JTJiDtOID

bag-pipe,

from the
in

Greek.

It consisted of

two pipes passed through a leather bag

is

such a way that when air

other

forced into the bag by one of them the

may

be played like a flute and gives forth screaming tones

heightened by the presence of the bag.*

8.

TNTC'D
one"

is

probably used as in V. 30.

To

" eat the pieces

of any

is,

according to Shemitic usage, to calumniate him.

of the

The Chaldeans were jealous

removed from
13.
14.
office.

Jews and wished

to

have them

ing?

ViJ^n is a mixture of Aph. with Heb. Hoph. .not servrrt73N"iyrf- Are ye of malicious design. N"li* ma y b e explained by the Heb. H^IV- F r other de

rivations consult the Lexicons

17.
19-

and Commentaries.
II.

JOn*DPtr.
"UilC'X-

See Notes to Gen.

")

2 and Gen. IX.

*,

14.

Unless

appears incorrectly for

this is a case

of attraction.
21.

V2T
nrNV
tifry

Peal with Pael termination.

For the

articles

of

clothing here mentioned, see the Commentaries.

22.
2(3.

Pass. part, for fft$.

i.

q.

29.

D*&3.

Pass,

ptt6# from *#. part Pl ?^ for

1
-.

ftfcjf.
T

Chap. IV.
4.

D*B>- Peih

P^y should be Y>ty for V^lp.

flTT.

9.

PH*
VttV-

would belong
Ithpeel.

to

noun feminine; flTT

to

noun

masculine.

fl is inserted to preserve the triliter-

ality of the root.

14.

~1^l-

7^

before a consonant of like organ as

its *?

may

change the latter into the same.

*

D^JS'JN-

Hebraism.

See Winer,

lie alio trterbuch, II. \~1.

G6

NOTES.
L5.

ICWQ for iTWQ.

'J02 rvT)
Omit
for

16.

or place

Hireq under

it.

i9.

rvrn.
is

24.

The king

exhorted

to

break

off his

course of sin by dealing

')})
?,"7

righteously and mercifully with his subjects.

/A"/
30. 32. 33.
tin re I"

//(you wish)

etc.

TTO.
"To

Peil

strike

upon one's hand"

Hophal.

signifies to restrain him.

IT. 12.

fttpnn.
A'. 1.

See Note to Gen.

Chap.

"li^u'*
to

!!}

son "f Nabunahid, the last king of Baby-

lon, was apparently ruler in the capital during the absence of his

father
37.

who went out

VilC'N
*j-|7i"V

meet Cyrus

in battle.*

exhibits a rare use of

for *fl .fV ty

X prosthetic
"'

in the

Peal Perf.
(It is

way

" third or triumvir.

doubtful whether the text contains the true reading, but the essential

idea

is

not changed by the omission or change of the final letter.)

for rfoy_-

io.

ri^y_
H^Vf.
nl pa ft.

13
16.
the tin

Heb. Hoph.
for Kn^fl, ^fl. See III. 29. hher explanations have been proposed, all, however,

^?y\T\ probably for

(

NH^R

including the idea of a triumvirate (of which Daniel was one) for

the administration of the realm.

17.

See VI.

3.

7]rV305

thy offices (the positions thou hast in thy

power

to

confer).

The context nearly

forces this meaning

it

upon the

inter-

preter in the present passage, while

II. 6.

suits well the connection in

Ewald

refers to the old Persian lor a confirmation of this

vd/iia/ia

view.
skrit

The

derivations of the word from **^ or

are
all

or the Sanit

namas

very doubtful.

The ancient versions render

some MSS.

by gifts or prest
*

nts.

["2% and "2% are found in

See Kiehm.

Art. B< Isazer by Schrader.

DANIEL
24. 27.

VI.

I-P^tr,

D*CH<
Peil.

Peil.

NT^pn.

30.

i\*H^3 Chaldean.

See Gen. XXII.

22.

This people was

of Sheniitic origin, having proceeded

from Arabia between 3000 and

first

2000 B.

C*

to

Southern Babylonia about Ur, thence North, at

to possess gradually increasing authority

and influence side by side

with the original Babylonians (Accadians), and finally, in the 17th

century B. C, to acquire the mastery over this non-Shemitic race.

Shortly after 2000 B. C. these

New

Babylonians established an As-

syrian colony which in turn subjected Babylonia itself about 1300

B. C. and continued the ruler of the East until the middle of the

7th century B. C.

The Chaldaic

period, properly so called, or the

new-Chaldaic kingdom (corresponding to the new- Assyrian kingdom)

dates from the accession of Nabonassar in 747 B. C. and continued
till its

overthrow by Cyrus the Persian in 539 B. C.

The Chaldean

branch of the Shemitic languages must not be confounded with the

Aramaic. f
See however the opinion of Franz Delitzsch in the Pre-

face to Baer's edition.

Chap. YI.
displeased.
18. 19.

15.

''TXw^

'iO was

l> i(

d upon himself

i.

e.,

was

of
in

fWVFT. See III. 13nO{P. An irreg. Peil from DIC'pfYl female musicians (fin*! to drive, thrust), from the idea driving away sorrow. By a transposition of "] and i~| as is found MS. 93 of Kennicott, the rcot would be Jl"Tn to rejoice. In that

* The name appears first much later than this. According' to Schrader Kaldu occurs only in the Assyrian literature and not there before 885 B. C. Judging from his quotations from the monuments, it would seem that the name was originally applied to Southern Babylonia, that afterward it included the territory from Babylon to the Persian Gulf and that finally it came to be used by the Assyrian kings, now of Southern Babylonia, now of the whole country, the latter usage being adopted by the O. T. writers. See Schrader's Keilinsehriften u. das A. T., 2. Aufl., Giessen, 3883, p. 131 sq. +

See Riehm, Arts, by Schrader, Assyrian, Babylonien, Chaldaer,

etc.

68

NOTE?.

case the term contains the same meaning in another phase, referring then to the happiness conferred, rather than the sorrow expelled

by those embraced

in

it.

These explanations are given essentially

by Saadia.

Buxtorf understands instruments af music; Aben Ezra,

tunes "/"/ songs; Rashi, tables; the old versions conjecture food.
24.

\*1T?# over
4.
1

it.

Chap. VII.
,L),

5.

"1l5C

!|DnPand side\\.

Peil.
q.

Top

?"])-

20.

nniDIl-

See Note on Gen! VII.

Hiphil for Aphel.

14.

22.

UDnn

EZRA
Chap. IV.
8.

IV.
(")

8 VI.

18;

VII. 12-26.

NOJp

and

JO^ [from "ON with ") apocopated

as in the Talmud]) as ive say, thus.

10.

n^*D

according

t<*

time, as follows.

1112.
is in

NJrTUN
Shaphel.

corresponds to the usual Assyrian word for letter*

I'P/pC'K ^lu'V

belongs to previous word and the verb

jlDN- The derivation of this word from the Persian flcXi end seems less unsatisfactory than the adoption of conjec13.

tural

meanings

like treasury, revenue, or tribute.

Baer adopts the

" to derive sup-

reading with
14.

final Dis

"To

season with the salt of the palace "

port from the king."

15.

rO"inn. T

Hophal, see Note to Gen. II.

12.

it.

n?
Hp.

i'<i-

ro;*D.
'

18.

Peil.

See George Evans,

An

Essay on Assyriology,

p. 35,

London,

1883.

JOSHUA XX.
22.

69

And

be cautious of committing an error in this matter.

JlpM~l

Inf. as verbal noun in const, state.

Chap. V.
dag. forte.
5.

3.

JOS'?see

of the Inf. omitted

to Baer's text.

and represented by

But

Appendix

TinV from
/?y~

*f?tl, Impf. Peal in pause.

8-

Only used

after f^NI describing the

its

same

as one of

great weight which must be rolled to

destination.

Chap. VI.
salem
fices
let the

3.

p^iDD-

iT? As

to the

house of

God

in Jeru-

house he built as a place where they are offering sacri(the struc-

and whose foundations are capable of supporting

ture).
5.

'DD
r?rri

is

a kind of Poel part.

SeeV.5.
12.

Chap. VII.

"VDJ
5.

perfect (peace), an opening salutation ex-

pressive of good will.

13.

TliT-

SeeV.

23.

ftl?"]*!^.

See Vocabulary and

Grammar

of Luzzatto p. 51.

Cf. Fried. Delitzsch, Preface to Baer, p. VI.

NOTES ON THE REMAINING SELECTIONS.

Gen. VIII.

3.

frjgO.

Pleonastic suffix. \^T\\

and

were

often doubled to indicate consonantal value.

4.
7.

pip evidently for pT)j5

1' , frO ,
:

i-

<1-

1T]p.

'

an orthographic corruption for 1&**5*"1Pael Inf. for

10.

X1T'. t
XX.
3.

NTTE>. T T -

Josh.
5.

fTjnO-

Suff.

= the killer.-pnn.

Pael Impf.

rriorno'i (Mi-D-in-i-iO-i)-

70

NOTES.
Isa.

t" tin-

VI. 1. &npS iTp"VQ. NDflD, KD8P3, VtBI- According Jewish theology, the heavens are composed of seven spheres,

the upper being the abode of

God and

his righteous ones

and conis

sisting of three concentric spheres.

In the central of these

the

Throne "f God, separated by a "T)J")3 (curtain) of clouds from the sphere of righteous men, who, in turn, are separated by a second
one from the angels.
gers draw near to

The righteous dead and the angelic messenGod and hear His voice from behind the TUH^Dis

The Throne of Glory within

with footstool of the same.

the eternal seat of God, of sapphires

it. is

By

proclaimed
is

in blinding brilliit

ancy the Glory of God, a glory which

of

light,

the form, as

were,

God.

God Himself, and From this brilliant

frequently identified with the personality of

glory
is

emitted a splendor called Vf,

fills

which constitutes the food of angels,

illumines earth itself.*
5.

the heavenly spaces and

See above

p. 61.

^rjpfor^ro.
XXIV.
*>*""iri-

Ps.

3.

"Ul "IIU contains names which the later Jews

applied to Paradise, the final abode of the righteous.

7.

Two
Ni"GJ

gates, of rubies, led into Paradise. X

9-

["U^

the

future Paradise, containing everything

Into this

pleasant to taste and smell and delightful to eye and ear.

sensuous abode, the place of fruits and flowers and delicate food,
to the sight of precious stones

and the song of angelic choirs, the

See

righteous, suitably accoutred, are guided by angelic bands. tt

p.
(II.

Ruth
11.

1 HP whatever that. T)Q 'DTET1 intrans. omitted.

TJ. 7.
|

perhaps,

suppose.

Weber 158-161.

Weber a30.

Weber 331.

tt

Weber

331, 332.

VOCABULARY.

NOTE. It must
labe

be remembered that in Aramaic

mixed

syl-

may have

long vowel, that tone-long vowels and those natur-

ally-long are used interchangeably and that short vowels

may
is

be

used for the corresponding long ones and the reverse.

full

Heme

both

and defective forms appear of which usually only one

given

in the Vocabulary.

Many

of these differences undoubtedly arose

from the fact that

text,

vowel-letters

were employed

in the

unpointed

which many

editions have retained in addition to vowel-signs.

are freely interchanged and less

The vowels Hireq and Tsere

frequently other vowels also;
eral readings in the

e. g.,

Holem and
17.

Shureq.

Cf. the sev-

Xote
and

to

Dan. V.

The consonants

t3

are equivalent to

J"l

and

JV

Final X.

and

may be used
e. g.,

indifferently.

Instead of doubling a conso-

nant by dag. forte, the previous vowel

may be
t

heightened; or a J
:

may

be inserted;

1DX

or

1DN: T
is

N3N T

or X-12N-

In seeking the definition of verbs,

stated otherwise, that the Pael

it will

be understood, unless

equivalent to the Peal, and that

the Ithpe. and Ithpa. are passive in signification.

VOCABULARY.
[2N and V2&
DNV
c

stone.

DK

m. father, emph.
it

JON;

*UN,

"UK m.pay,
same.

reward.

with suff.
as,

takes the form "QX;

/.,

MN %
^
\* k

JTQK and

N"UN f. m.JN

epwtfe, Zeer.

f.

*OK*t/. (also?p%/).
With one
used for
exception,

JOK
f

is

[HX adv. tfcn. p"IN*5 same. D1X m. wwm; pr. n. Adam.

T T

myf.

Plur.

fON,

KD"lN
ntD"lK

f-

ground.
n
-

const. firOK.

emph. NfirDNi
or

pr-

Admah.

with
w.v

suff.

>nr\2$
-:

wo**
/i
etc.,

"I1K

pr- n.

$e month Adar (12th,

/.,

Tinrox t t t
|

about March).

using

suff.

of either sing, or

*VTK m.

threshing-floor.
-

plur. nouns.

|^?^1N* P1
and

chiefjudges.

2N,

emph.

K3N\ N3
Aph.

KimX
jTriiSI
c.

adv. perhaps carefully

an)*.
f- <*>

J0.3N m. fruit, produce.

[or eagerly.

13K

to perish.

"O^ an(

|TlK,

WTW
pr. n.

Plur. const.

"Olil same;
pate.

to destroy, extir-

Hoph.

151^

to I" des-

Hnx

Uzal.
adj.

troyed.

pfllNV p_mN*
shepherd's pipe ; waterother.

m. other, an-

D13N m
organ.

*"iniX
pr. n.

adj.

f.

seonc.

^NE'Dtf

Abimael.

T&'IN

pr. n.

(Heb.) Qpfttr.

71

VOCABULARY.
in.

row
Nn'IN

"'".v.

TON* m.
T

6rier.
f.

Plur.

pTON*.

f.

law.

NTN NTN
T -

hand.
pron.
c7/".

N3"NN
Nfitf,

m. length; const. Tltf.

pass.

P"ViNl

comp.

inter,

part.
:

*#,

to

7/V//,f,

which, what.

Id mill

to heat.

j'TN m.
JHfe*
i.q.

free.

-tfX

i.

q. foil.

word.

?ft$,

Impf. ?$ to#o;
brother,

to eZepar*.

XD^f. terror; fear. nfi% tiow adv. w. pK conj.

//.

(IN m.
suff.

einph.Xny with

ip\S*, nj5*N m.

grZory.
is,

'HN

or 'fiN
&.,

&ro*Aer;

i"VN or

VVK

adv. $ere

f/ere

\-nnN **
with
/>.,

etc. piur.

pn&

are. It takes suff. of pi. nouns.

suff.

7VHN

and T^fTO

-TVfTN
"TDK

Ithpe. of

Hy
^-IccacZ.

etc.
f-

pr. n.
to

(Heb.)
to

n^nN

explanation.

'"ON
"7N
i.

ea &

cunsume.
especially

nTnX

f-

enigma.
pr1'-

adv.
.

o^,

with

NrOnN
i^oon^ ~ t t
:

Achmetha

e.

Irnpf in prohibition, etc.

Ecbatana.
f-

7X
ofAer, another.
-

dem. pron.

these.

2 )ossess '""f.

N*?tti

Nrfpisi cfoo;

iyi"g

*"1I1N adj.

upon the posts of doors.

piur.

httn
HJTTN
T

f.

&**;

" ,/

nV?w
'/"'

nfrtf.

nV?N

prep. "./>"
'{*

X^D^D
last.

upper thresholds of

pHN adv.
I

l a<
t
: :

the

<

I ix i

r-posts.
these.

pnN a.i.i.in..xn-)nN.xnnnN*
tt: t
f.

Pl^K dem. pron.

|"f?K
in-

'

otht

r.

anotht

r.

hd.

PI. excel, often

p3")"lC'nN
iji

in.

pi.

governor-

in rals.

TH^N- in^K
f.

conj. hut; unless.

nnx.

nru\*

sister.

fitf interj. behold.

VOCABULARY.
Xftt>$
1

75

sheaf.
n.

*Jfl!3N adj. s<row0.

Elimelech.
Pa. *V ?}$
?{^ adv.

nto ??* Pr-

where, whither.
pron.
we.
e.
7".

JV^N *o &e accustomed.

to exercise; to teach.

NJX

pers.

Plur.

Kjmx
fIJIN,

Nir^N

pr. n.

j&ZMo.
|*3N Pers. pron. m. they,

Tj^^v dem. pron. m. fAese; toto\

TftD^N t
:

pr. n.

Almodad.
those.

those; the copula.

I'T'N

dem. pron. m. these;

Ci^N pi'- n.Enos; m.man

D^K
to

(Heb.).

Cp$
QJtf

and

tl^

m. thousand. PI.

constrain; to oppress; to

occasion anxiety.
f.,

emph. fr^X, mother; with

t\3K m./ace, countenance;

BtiN,
in.

nostril.

suff.

7IDK and TPStt.

suff.

Plur.

Btt& Btt& Bti& BttK

-

|rro; with
and flfTQtf.

pnnrm*

man/ emph. NBtytf, NEON, T T V. T T

.'

NEO.
maid;

Plur.

pEON* and D__

c.

DN

conj.
f-

//.

fON, ftftiN
emph.

Pers. pron.

thou.

frON

nurse,

prqN*
N*2N* and

i.

q.

jirw

ye.

flQK

f.

cubit.

Plur.

^ND'irON

pr. n. the Antusites.

f.

}DX

and

1D^
-

medicine.
fetter.

NO^, NftlN
Plur. pibtf.
pr- n.
f-

f.

people, nation.

"TlDN
>

hand,
1'-

13J3PN P

n Asnapper.

'JO'lOtt

^e Amorites.

Nfltt'ON
|ON- Aph.

<** darkness.
Pass
part.

iO*lSpN adv. speedily. *)DN tolmd Part. TON ^""'^

Plur.

to believe.

emph.

f/<e

bundles,

or

certain; faithful.

sheaves.

^3^

fo ^'^/i

toW; to

command.

*"IPN

ni.

prohibition.

1t2H m.

to;?>to.

y# m.

wood.

70

VOCABULARY

*"|N conj. also.

*]N-

NDN m- /"<-'
per.

with fem.

suff.

"]V1N

pr. n.
to bt

(Heb.) Arioch.

3d

Hftf,

NH3NV

)N
i.

"P^N

long.

Aph.

to length-

{OD T
T
///<

surface of the field,

e.,

en; in tarry,

v:ait.

jft A/.

"T")X
<

adj.
pr. n.

/?,

'proper.

*3N

conj. even.
-

r<

if.

*nN
:

(Heb.) Yec/<.

D*"^2X

P r n.(Heb.)
pr. n. the
pr. n.

Ephraim.

HD1N* ~ t
//oy/.

and

KrDTK tproUmgar t
t ~
:

N*D~)2N

Apharsites.

duration^ continuation,

N*3p"l3N
ites.

$e Apharsach[chites.

*1D~)N

pr. n. a?i Arclnvite.

Plur.

NOnplflN Pr.n. M'DHiDN

,/f

Apharsath///

emph. N*nD"lN. ~ t
:

adv. perhaps

*Ae en<^,

D"1N

pr. n.

(Heb.) JLram.

?a*<

(from the Persian), as

[toe.

N*T2"^
J,*"IN
/

pr. n.

Armenia.
happen.

Gesenius.

"

meet;

to

Aph.

JDVN yT)$
/""

f (P1
-

' and IJfiw*

m. num. adj.

yTlN

same.
c.

[land, ground.
earth, country,

f.,

rtfJTW

}HK, NJTTN
''"'

]^T)^ forty.

JTltf adv. fcetow; with

p.

in/er-

|1J"1X adj. purple.

<N|HN*

occurs).

*HN

interj. behold.
n. the

JHN, HN^pN*
tin

m.

adj. under, at

'fcHTlgpr.

Arvadites.
that.

bottom.

OTW conj.

became,

CHX
I
:

NJT]& ttJpN
*^*"1X
f.

meeting

//<,/,/,-,.

what

is

lowest; bottom.

mi
-

".'/. pi.

rm'N and jrm It: t t

if,

"lu'DDIN*

pr. n.

(Heb.) Arphax[<nl.

'"IN conj. because, that, when,

but.

p"1X

c.

earth.

NW<c*'CTn"\\\ (no)

pr.

n.

nX

and

nnX
Plur.

m.

//.

emph.
emph.

Artn.it r.n

8.

KHNV

|jn^,

C'N

XWX m., NC'N

f-

/?>*.

V<

>CABULAKY.
TlflN,
out,

77

W&W m. foundation, 1&X, 1&& y&X pour

C'N,
to
to

linN
(or

pr. n.

Assyria.
pr. n. A*ftra

JllJTinN

TIN)

shed,

Impf. "nC'^^l'lu^-

(the Assyrian).

Ithpe.

WNnN,
(Heb.)

I^WTN,

^DHN, ^oriK
,Ll

adv y esterdav-

t2i1

and

,S

?2F1K

occur.

DWR

pr. n.
n.

.W^r.

"IHN m.

place.

M3#N pr.
flLI'N in
-

(Heb.) Ashhenaz.
Plur. as if

"IttTlK Ithpe. of 1^'N*.

conjurer.

from CjgW.
pu*'{*
in.

3
rebellion, sedition,

prep.

;'/*,

%,

-<V7.
,

waZZ.
-

CnN*3adj.m.. k *^' lX3 S

f.

wnc&ed.

*11*inti'N m
revolt.

please.
1.

JH'IDW'N
to give

Ishtaf. to reco^-

^DD
,t-

pr. n.

(Heb.) Babylon.

n foey to prefer ; passive

of same;

OD

pr. n.

Babylonian.

Plur.

oneself to anyone to be

emph.

m1

?25account
t

recognized.
2.

pj)*) prep. o)i

of.

m.

adj. relative,
f

kinsman.
recognition;
[p?v/<?reHce.

Ht-Q se.

*"T

yi3
:

o that, that.

Rn-ljniQflBfi*

Mfra
t
:

Nrfti-D, t
:

wrfrra tit*
bdellium, a

HK

do.

sigw.

and

J^n^l^

ui.

Jl{$ pers. pron.

m.

?Aoi.

precious stone.

NfiN

<o

??.

Hoph. n*irn,

Tl2 P &
l7*i~Q

^ scatter.

f.

haste, (juicJcness.
1. to

NriN

f-

woman,
Plur.

wife.

Em ph.

7HD

Pa.

terrify. 2. to hasten.

WJWKOfiN
jiriN
c.

pgfy

ithpe. inf.

n^rorn ^^.
horn.

ithpe. of

wy.

N2i3*Q T

c.

terebinth.
tin first

pflNt pers. pron. m. ye, you.

J03*Q t
:

m.

furnace, oven.

?^13

pr. n.

(Heb.) Boaz.

78

VOCABULARY
m. beryl

tfTTQ t
:

X/3 T

to ?'>"/ ok/;

fo afflict,

<>l>-

i"l*Q to lodge,pass a night.

press.

Pa. same.

Aph.

to des^

[JHD
>**D

see

|jnp.

to sp?iV, cleave, divide. to r?.

1?3

verbal from same, excise.

flLD^

Apt.

to

persuade;

D173
"IVNu
,L|

m.

-,/,.
1

to trust.

"IV^i-'P^ ^ Pr n
-

Belteshazzan

'-

to cease;
to ceasi

to be idle.
:

Pa.

to

Pr

"

Belshazzar.

cause
trate.

to

hinder, frus-

(Heb.) nothing, not,

not, because not,

^SD

from

7*5 an<^

^*5 Pre PIt

brttnt
suff.

it,

a-

|5 see 15.
fcO^,

mong.
sing,

takes

of both

*JD
:
:

* &&*;

'"

rebuild*

and plur. nouns.

understanding.
created being; creaturt
:

HjTJD iAow t p^3

built her.

n.3*5

f-

m. building, structure.
to &c

N*"V3

f.

D?3

angry.
1'" ss "!/ (

creation; living things.

JOlD^f-

annunciation.

tfVZL castle. T

*)Q2m. flesh.
evil.

^^a.lj. m. bad,

N\T-J1J,*3

^*3

to see&; to
,s7.

*/.;

to

c?<

W^
fVD 1U
-

adj.

f.

*,//,.

f. vv

g(

p< tition.

[sin

house; the p?ae in which

is

T;**}c.

<</"//.

anything

kept.

Emph. NJT3plur. pjn^.

//,//,-

7j,*D or 7j,*5

"'"'v ''

''' I'

usband.

KJTO;

const.

JT3;

"1^*3 '" burn; to consume.

DnSTD
JO 3 T
:

pr.n. (Heh.)

~)V3 Pr n (Heb.) Bezi

-

r.

tiyp^f,n

valley.

[pass.

weep.

"")p3 ^ >a to search. Ithpa. same;

-

"VD5

"li- Da.

everything which

is

"O or 13
p."}.

Da. no//,

emph. JOS: t
:

pi.

early or timely.

PI. firstlings.

emph.
suff.

73

in. />*"//.

with

'J5.

N^, T ^?' P y

const.

^3;

&

VOCABULARY.
")*),

70

fr\"Q parte, except; out&idt T

T

NTQJ

.power; strength.
adj.
111.

what

is

without; the field.

-

"OJ, "I^J T T
/Z;
giant.

strong; powt

r-

N"0
*n"l3

t0 create

[piin.

robust;

hero;

warrior;

*V"0,*T""Q

iar ^- as adj. separate,

to fcnee?; to bless.

Pa.

""QJ

to.,

man, male. Emph.

Plur.

N"DJ
and

to &toss. Part.

7]*DP
f.

or

and

tf-pU

p^

"HID and

*T~\2

foiee.
f.

P^;emph.n5U
&Zemna,
1,3 pr. n. (Heb.)

fcOS^ and

N-fn

6W.

benediction.

P5"]|
-|"lj| to

i-

q-

p5f5.-

Q13
S^'*}

adv. certainly; also; conj.

[yet; Int.
[gallons).

c2 o/f; to cm down.

X'3m./fs/i.
fa coo.

DJPU

and

D^ilJ

Da.

(hi,,

mm

(Valley of Hinnom).
1J3, 1J!,

J-Q

111.

&a$

(seven and one-half

1\3

m. midst; const,

"jj;

with

J"Q

f-

daughter, emph. XF1*"D.

Plur.

suff.

rm nu nu
pnete.
(/"forth; to break forth.
'Jtf) causative.
suff.

const. jT^Q.

p^,

const.

Nij same.

rua t
:

emph.

ann
t t
:

H1J

f.

mj
*"|j"0 prep,
T

to

a/tor.

With

suff. it

Aph. (l^S* ('>*,

takes both a sing, and form,

plur.

iTU
It) J

f-

&o<fy.

With

rwu
to

nfO, HrOJ

I^lil pr. n.
to

(Heb.) Golan.
Ithpa. same;

sojourn.

^XJ) to redeem. _
.

Part, Sft}
..

j-e-

be

made a proselyte.
Da.

deemer of blood
blood.

avenger of

"D?J

treasurer.

Plur.

p3*J

and plti!Plur. with

*"|fj|

[&e detach,, 1.
to decree.

3J

m. had-; surface.

to cf

o$v

Ithpe. to

suff.
.Dil Ea.

JT5!' h er bacJc.
pit, den.

"l?J!

m. diviner. Properly, a part.

from -|U.

Ml

VOCABULARY.
f.

N">i J
\1 or

decree.
in.

pj

to

encompass;

to cover,

pro7*jjN

X*J

valley.

tect.

Pa. to protect.

Apb.

T)*j| in.

stranger; proselyte.
i).

and ip{<

*'""' 7TJ occurs.

<?(^??-

pn^JJ

pr.

(Heki Gihon.
*V|j|) to
rt.

>P
<

not usec^- Itbpe. to &e

Part.

TJ

(Pa. of

ma&e

prose-

rf.

7X3P-

lytesj to convt
"Tj| in.

rij

111.

ICMlg'.

chalk: plastering.
to

K7J,
,U)
j)

*7j|

emigrate,

wander;
Peil

D"U

m. bom
pr. n. the Girgasites.

to &e

visible; to reveal.

'NuP"U

and *tJ.

Ithpe. to Aoto

TU pr.
D#3
"1HJ
m.

11.

(Heb.) Gerar.

oneself, to

make onself visible.

to c"
//,*/

&o<fy.

Aph. ^jin

captive.

pr. n.

(Heb.) G-7^,,-.

1
wheels.
1.
T

1
circuit; pr.
11.

rel.

pron.

u7<</. etc.;

conj. that,

f1

'''^'- captivity; exiles.

f.

so that; because;

sign of the

JO' T

?J
*

Galilee.

Genitive case.
}<"T

77J

111.

railing: wt ight.
11.

dem. pron.
article

f.

this; that;

with

1^7J
.

pr.

(Heb.) Gtfead

Heb.

NTH
T T

1t3JI

reward.

jlN"! denom. Pe. not used. Aph.

to

"V2J

adj.

m. perfect.

bring forth green;

in-

to

germ[inate.
w-

.*2} '" repay; to recompense.

2T\
t

bear.

1*2%

pr. n.

(Heb.) Gomer.
:

t t

and JOJ

f.

garden;

emph.

ia

my.
f-

NTUJ

and Nn:j; const. JT^.

1221 t
:

enmity.

Plur. pj.

(131

to q#e>- sacrifices

l"Q"T m. sacrifice.

T)21

to cleave to.

VOCABULARY
"0*1 and Pa. "Q"!
govt rn; to take. *tf""01
f.

81

to

conduct;

to

7"**1

sign of the Genitive, con-

tracted from

*1.

cause; reason.
so that.

n rrq"t by_
|TTpr.
n.

f*l **1

i-

<!

jH-

in.

judgment; justice; account.

(Heb.) Dedan.

7*1 m. judge; advocate.

*tf*lj**l

nni m.
WtTR.
or

gold.

Emph. tGTQ.
Pr- n. the

pr-

'I.

?Ae Dinaites.

Wrn

Dehav[ifes.

"]ll"l *0 deride.

nxrvi i11 ni. 11

JOl,

f//-"s.
f-

dem. pron.
ctor/.

this.

TH

pr. n.

(Heb.) David, (Heb.)

**3l to &

Ithpe.

D\*Hi*l
["3*3*1*1
iii<

pr- .

Dodanim.
re-

and

pDl
to

m. token;

**3l adj.

in.

unmixed; clean; pure.

mbrance.

Emph. Kp*"].
judge,

jll and

|H

N**3l
t

adj.

f.

s<r/r.

Emph.

m
C*ll

to dwell,
pr. n. >>.

Wrm
:

JOT!

*"3l dem. pron.

to

c. ffo's.

to

triad under foot;

heat

131
"1*3*1

and

"1**3*1 to

remember;

to

out; to crush.

be mindful.
(?).

fllpl
7*11

f.

female musician
to

m. male; ram.
f-

to

fear;

dread. Pa.

Sni

*l3*i"0*l
T

record, memorial.

to terrify.

*l*3l
It:
t

ni.

same.
?7t< o^, tosf.

*n"1 I11

f.

./'""'.'

terror; object of

JOll
:

adv.

far
**"|

or reto'ercce, particularly

p7*l

to

burn,
blood.

gw; ic?o?.
i.

Emph. ^n*?rn (1).

also
**1

1,

N*21 m.

With
etc.

suff.

q.

1;

but;

often resince.

*Q1,

TO1,

|i*32l

dundant.

Tp because;

N*J*1, **0l to resemble; to think.

il/Tl

pr. n.

77r/m.
f/u's

[fAere.

Pa. same.

**3*1 dem. pron. m.

Aere; Aa

*01

f.

likeness; similarity.

82

VOCABULARY.
]>1
-

1*21

in

what

is

similar; prict
[viilui

vanity;
7:1.1.

pr.

n.

.AteZ.

Const.

1-1 f" sleep.

!""!

^rj;

Emph. tfzjn

V^

^em Pron
-

this;

that.

and j^3fl.

With Heb. JOIt

:

article

pin
c.

K1H
T T

and

XTH
T
~:

f-

(comp. of

ni T

73*1
I

dem. pron.
t
:

this; that.

and Heb.
some, of
that tin

article;

according to
this

With

article

Wlfl
~

JO

NH):

here;

^N'JIpr. n h pr.

n. Z>oteZ. n.

re.

p1

(Heb.) Diklah.

pl^ll
Dl'lll
p~tn

pi. ni.

ministers of state.

ppl
to

to be brolu n in pieces.

Aph.

pr. n.

(Heb.)

Hadoram.
n

hreah in

pieces.

Aph. Part.

in- this In
va..

that tht

Oil
Tt T
311.

piece; fragment.

a#<

rc<

ration,

[in

adv. then.

n;;iii

see
pr.

#r\r
Darius.

CV11
:

i).

Ill Pa- 111 to honor; to adore. Tin and K11H in- splendor;
pomp; majesty;
Junior: glory.

TF\, 1H1 t
:

m., ami.

N\in
J,*11 m. se?, seed-time.

f-

comp. of

NM and Heb.
impf.

article.

J11 T

f.

?ate;

a*< </<<

Kjn,

in

to

be.

Ninv

Njllni. young

'<

mb ,-lu rb; grass.

apoc. \*T or
etc.

X,T, Hfl, \1N,

Emph. NNjII.

Impf. with 7 omits preis

i^ni-

in- pi-

piirn,

#<
r.

form, and

used as the subj.

e.

skilled in I'm-: In a- jii

or optative;

g.

pil7- that
if

they mitj/it be;

JOI^ may
.

b(

n inter,
X,1 and

prefix, as in

Hebrew.

Nil
N\1

pers. pron. m. in

this, that,

NH

interj. leJiold. [that.

c.

which; copula.

Xn

and *{^n dem. pron.

this;

and

pers.pron.f. of Jfln
article

TOil and

731

1!1

''""" breath;

With Heb.

NM.1-

VOCABULARY.
?*"l*n dem. pron. and adv.
i.

k;

q.

PJ.

7|jD!7 to turn.
to revolve.

Ithpe.

refl.

Ithpa.

*1*n adv. and conj. as; as

if.

N^DlTin m
pfe; palace.

water-organ; or[gan.

irnjl

m. thought.
verbal

NDD'H

parte.
as.

(NO

-|\1.)

so s;

myonn
?/_///

quim
etc.

according

offering.

kOD\*~! parte. o; thus; even as;

JOH

adv. here.

[according

to.

conj.

(?;

&w;

No

roi?

rpr\ Cqn) and

to o. inf.

^rj,

to imZfc;
rjrr*.-"//".

conversive in Chald.
*T interj.

rpp,
and
f.

impf.

woe.
Ithpa. to
/,r-

Pa.,

Ithpa.

Aph.
s.

HDl

Pa- n t used.

Aph. impf. 2d
'TpTj m.
toft.

p?nn.

clearly shown; tobe shown one

&

innocence or another

s guilt; to

to*?!! and fcO'pn adv. ftMer.

remonstrate, dispute.

Aph.

to

SO^il and
Li
:

N?*?"!! f

w^; Jour-

reprove; to show one his guilt;

to

ney; custom.
!"Vl'?
t

[Hallelujah.

punish.
r

n ~

(Heb.) praise Jehovah;

pi. in.

itDH and fiOn pers. pron.

tfiey;

V2\ to buy; to gain. Pa. to

sell.

them; copula.

Ti"Tr part, and adj. enlightened;

TO?D
7pf adv.,

and

TpDH
?X, where.

m.

cAatn

fl* to feed.

{prudent; cautious,

esp. for the neck.

i.

ffi
"V*.
(/;

to

tremble.
to act

q.

Aph. T*?T

proudly.

Tp| interj., conj.

and adv.

when;

V* m. brightness, splendor, magnificence.

sign of a question. 717wliether.

.
.

TH

.or.

NJW
Inf. as verbal

f.

stoea*.
ofo'ue;

Emph. NHIft.
o?a e
-

NjjOn

(pW) Aph.

Nil*? m.

tree.

[ness.

noun, injury, hurt.

13t and "O* f innocence, righteous.

-I

VOCABULARY
*JOf
: :

*3f,

adj.

va..

pure, innocent.

TOn
Pa.

to

&<?

&(/,

vicious, corrupt.
to

n*~0? ~ t
i

pr. n.

(Heb.) Zechariah.

to

injure;

corrupt;

'

<

destroy.
~
:

rt2*

Pa. 'o appoint;

to

prepare.

tOn

and '"On

in.

damage;

in-

[thpa.
*"12* Hi.

TtDirn
ill

t concert.

Aph.

jury; destruction.

n sir.

[=Pa.

"OH and inn, Nl^PT m.

companion; friend.

mo.'c;

*1!D?

m. singer; musician.
^

?? in- sjjecies; sort. \*"fi,3*

w kinds.

KrTOn
jilDn
|n
"in

f.

same.

PI.

with

suff.

*VVf adj. m. and adv.

few; a
little.

little; small;

hrran.
pr. n.

Plur. |HJfl (#).

(Heb.) fle&rorc.

J?^r, ^/V to

quake, shake, tremble.

pr. n.
in.

(Heb.) Haggai.
f-

Nnn

num.

adj. "."

".

*lpT to elevate;
malefactor.

to

suspend, as a

./irsf.

Before numerals,

im<

times.

^DD^r v t
\:

pr. n.

(Heb.) Zerubbabel.

{<in

adv. oce.
i '"/ .'/..' -

Xin3

together.

#mr,

jpnt,
st

jpnr m.

?Aa<

sown;

ed-time.

exceedingly. JOu? to rejoice. Xnn t-

pr

in.

girdle.
s<
(

>"". JT"1? to
J/**lf,

</.

niin f.^oy, gladness. t v nnm.and r"in pi. m. the breast*

:

N^*1?

111.

sect?;

children;

rntj

adj.

m.

//' ".

posterity.

Xin
?

and

Hi

to tell, declare;

to-

UT&

rinr

family.

Plur.

make

manifest. Pa.

Xin

*"""

I^nr; with

suflF.

finnynr.

Aph. so no

n
JOIT and
e< <z?< '/;

*Nin
&c hidden; con-

pr. n. the Hivites.

^n
to &e
'

to

Din
Pa.

to &e

indebted; to be sinful.
to

ooe.

D^n

/<"</

////"

siw; to

n?1Dn

f.

''Z cfeea'; </////<

///<//,'

sinful.

VOCABULARY
Din, NDill
ishment.
i"-

85

debt; sin;

pun-

viron.

Pa. and

Aph.

same.

Part. pass, inverted; averted.

nifl

pr.

li.

Eve.

'OH and
to repair.

NDH m. sin.
Plur.

With

suff.

2irj to

s<

w.

Aph.

*]Xtin
suff.

fWOIl, with

'rjw, pD^Drj.
to err; to sin.

Plur.

fnn
pr. n-

and

jm
to

J>JOn

n^h
7in

(Heb.) Havilah.
relax; to

PfXpn
iron
f-

and ilNpfl m.
;/<//.

sin.

to '">'" oneself;
ill; to ccast

piur. ptsfi

become

kll^n

na.

violence; plunder.

^(1
.

pr. n.
ni.

(Heb.)

Hul

I2l2tl to sew.

Pa. same.
f-

p If! ^Dinand

portion.

TOH

and N*;g(1

; -o/-

Npinni., Kjrarrf.,
heat.

fering.

warmth;

T\i N*f7 adj. m.

living;

plur.

ilNfltn m. covering; coin:

Tin

adj.

m.

wliite.

Kjrr,

kjtti
to
7/iy>.

adj.

f.

?mW

TDC'in

ni.

act of thinking; reck-

KH

Aph. Part,

tftlfi

oning.

and NtTO preserving

alive.

mn
Xfn

i.q.

nm. A Ph.imP nnN. yn

.

cr*rr),

*on

adj.

m. m-

Part.

j"Vn2-

'"

descend. Pass. Part.

see??;

debted, bound; guilty, sinful.

and

^H

/"

se<?.

xr\y*n
^(l m.

and

Knrrn
hejst.

f.

* w.

Peal

ftffl

and

VH

s?^7-

KVIT NnVfl f- least.

strength;
f-

Plur. JVI7.

aWe.

Itn m.
ance.

vision;

aspect,
frOi'lT-

appear-

NfVPl ~ T
:

?Aa^ lives, esp. animal.

Emph.
ir*ll
f.

*3!"7
suff.

adj.

m.

ictse;

intelligent;

ID! and

wme, With

wise

man; Magian.
and Pa. 031} and D>-)f7
wise; to understand.

nnirn.
")?n
fo turn

DDH
Lock, about; to ento

Z>e

Slj

VOCABULARY
and

JODIl t t
:

JOmn. NH^n. t
t
: : :

to.

Ithpa. to pray, maht sup-

t.

f.

wisdom.

plication.

/Hi ~

N?n T
T

m. vinegar.
/ttfc;
fife.

PP^n
Plur.

pr. n.

Hananiah.

^^n
D^r?:

m.

TDn adj.
|Df7
to '"
11J

defectivt

strong; to petssess.

JO^Tf

m. dream.
to he

fpfl

power; might.
c?ay-

"l.n to change;
to

changed;

Clpn m7DI7

pass (spoken of time).

to 6e deficient.

17DI7

?t

ere

*1 n p^n ") part; lot. (I pr. n. (Heb.) Ham.

1*7(7

and

prep, instead of.

wanting.

Pa.

to

diminish.

X5n
T -:

to -'"f '"
ni-

overlay.

7VI7

harvest.

Plur.

emph.

Nn Kpn and
nlt^n L

to ?"' to
k

contemplate.
f-

\pn

heat. fury.

7il7

to

/-"'7>.-

to e^.

mother-in-law.

Nlli'n and 'yn

emph.

adj.

m. rapt

r.

'E^pn
""OPt

and

N^pn,

lVn and Aph.

Aph.
Part.

to

H/v/e,

hasten.

nNtrpnni..#?/<.
ni. lotwe.

f|Vnnp

and

fjVH^
m.
.Air.

urgent; hasty.
1
-

C'^n

L.

K>'pn

Plur.

fiUTjVD

(Heb.) 2Tair-

f^'prf^y.
*J^i"l^n

pr. M. tJie

Hamathites.

t t

^pil m. >/(/.

Plur.

j^pn

and

N^n
t
:

and

^irn
t

m. dance.

Plur. dances; instruments used

for dancing.
711217 pr. n. (Heb.) Enoch.

fife* 3717 to devastatt

waste.

Ho ph.

3in
at.

f-

sword.
ni..

[passive.
in

0107(7
[tion.

used onee

sing.

pL^n
173.317

pi. in.
f.

via

|*trO"^n

Magians;

humid

dedication; consecra-

no a: sacred scribes.

pl"T to compassionate,

show favor

to singe.

VOCABULARY.
fcO*in
*"in
hi.

87

m
to

cavity;

window;

hole.

pel 7p*70 to ioiv; shake to

loin; thigh.

and fro;

to drive.

Part. pass.

^yn
*]iu*n

repute,

regard, count,

L ?\?h\2t2 rover.

esteem.
111.

darkness.
think necessary; to he

pp 70

m.
m.

ctoy.
e?eio.

n*n

to

Hp'pp

see

^p.
in-

needful; to need. Part. act. pi.

f.

V/P
7*70
^

f-

2/om*/* (abstract).

jnjr'n.
f.

NT^P

shade; shadow.
to /mto.

jTinti'll

need, necessity,

i.

e.

/7p
to

Pa. (denom.)
recline

Aph.

what

is

necessary.
to.;'

for

rest

under the

^C'H

to

be or wiaAv

or small;

shade.

to crush.

Pa. same. (Heb.) 5"eA.

100
pe.

and Pa. "IQjp

to hide.

Ith-

nn

pr. n.

100N
to dip.

and
to

lOpV,
hide one's

and
self.

orin

to **?.

Ithpa.lpOK
t^'Op

2KO to 6e f/Za<Z, joyful. beautiful; 20 adj. m., }O0

f-,

nj/p

to

wander.

Aph.

to

cause

to err; to seduce.

fine; good.

D^/D,

D'#p

to taste; to eaf.

l~QO ni. executioner; bodyguard.

D#0 and D^p, KD#0 "I- taste;

wisdom;
respect; account ; decree; cause to

i"OD

pr. n. ffc

hiokA 7W7/t (10th,

about January).
JO)1tD m.*oorf; rfrfwoe. T T

be judged.
in-

"))0,

JO510
to

nail; claw.

"HO,

JOIO
in-

in-

mountain.
rocl:.

"nO

mountain;

'5P

6e /otf;

to

be stupid,

mp
*O*0

subs, and adv. fasting.

f.

hardened.

Pa. causative.
drive out.

goodness; kindness.
to
<?e>

T^O
Pal-

to expel,

Ithpe.

7*0

Pa.

o< or /ortA.

-now*.

38

VOCABULARY.
N3")l?
!"

"p*J

fresh, green

D5D! and jTDIT f

Tin*
pr. n.
:

.'/'>>'

pres<

n*.

leaf; leaf.

Judah;
/' "' v

the

Jewish

tf*?H& m. t
'
: :

the Tarpelites.
*

peoph

tin

nTin*

pr. Q.

(Heb.)

JWaA.

t t ~

////
]

Hin*
Jebusites. up. Ithpe.
to

m. Jeio.
pr. n.

Hon.

JftTiiT
pr. n.

(Heb.) Joshua.

*ND*Q*
C**3*
to

3*ji*pr. n. (Heb.) JofoA.

bedry;

(nil,-)/

taV

pr. n. (Heb.) Jubal.

**-

tt'^riX
dry.

to be dry.

Pa.

make

Dl* m. day. Plur. const., m.

and
(Hcb.) Javal.

W,

npi*.

by
T T

pr. n.

?V

pr. n.

(Heb.)

J nan.

<?y not used.

Aph. *73lN and

mi*, nwi*.

f.fcw&

^*3*n

to bring.
f-

pnVl*
land.
hill.

l'r.

n.

Jozadak.
stock-.

XftWy t v:

</*e tfrr/

DliT /"/ i7y;

*i*n*.

)T

in.

foop of stones;

*n*tt

adj.

m.

^/.,/.-

f.

ftemd,

emph.

NT. with suff.

piur.

3D*
**

o be or seewi r/^or/.

[a?o<

TT- nnv fdT.

Dual

p\
and

in.

abbreviated

name

of the

p_\
Aph.
part.

Deity.

NT,

NTinO

r\y
1

see

ny.
to be

NTitD
praising.

praying;

thanking;

T ^* and 7*3*
vail.

abh

to

pre-

Impf.

^IDV ^iDV ^O'V

J,*T

'0

know;

to

understand.

Hophal
"fr,

in use.

Aph. y-rin,

impf.

y-rin^o

T
1

?*

and

T ?*
1

to

'""'-

make known, show.

traip forth;

to beget.

Ithpe.,

n* (Heb. T

poetic) Jehovah.
'" sef,

Pa. and Ithpa. same.

Ithpe.

DiT

'"

.'/'''''

place.

HI"!

?*

f-

nativity.
"'
*<<>, tin

pass.; to be givi n up.

D*- N*3*

ski.

Plur.

VOCABULARY.
as Pa.

89

Pa.

to

make heavy;

to

#iy

and

* to .wnv,y.
swear;

Aph.
to

pix

honor.

Aph. same.

fo ca?<*e to
witli

confirm

^P*

worth; worthiness; honor;

an oath.
'

splendor; glory.

D*2\

N22*

rfay(of 12 hours).

TV
PIT t
t

pr. n.

(Heb.) JaraZ.

0*J* adv.

(7ay.
''>

KJTV and
"<

&OTW pr.n. 7"onZ<

D
1

ftp* and Aph. tl^plN

Ittaf.

and Pi")* m. greenness.

I

f^Dinri thou shuh

Hop]).

be
be

D*?JPYV, D'X', and

pr. n.

?^

added.
added.

flDIH

to

Jerusalem.

TV? and TV, NfTV m. monfA.

Ithpa.

tO^** to advise, counsel.

to consult together.

rTV

pi'- ii-

(Heb.) Jerah.
(Heb.) Jericho.

ITT pr.

n.

3p#*

pr. n.

(Heb.) Jacob.

TV, NOT*

*>A. Plur.

pT.

j"l5* pr. n. (Heb.) Japhet.

^KX"
?p
[tire.

pr. n. (Heb.) Israe?.

n.

2*i** adj. in.

true, certain.

JlB*pr.

3*;** certainly.
K*"l^**

W
to

(Heb.)

,/esAtta.
to

not used.

Aph. D*C"1N

m. thought; impulse; moAct. part.

f.

reach out,

stretcli forth,

land

TV

to &*.

emph.

any one.

XfnpV Aph. to consume. i*V sign of the definite object. m ^'"' which is or //res. DiT and 27V. to sit; to dwell. NDIp* Aph. rrnin. pp pr. (Heb.) /7rfaM. hunting: fire. J>{Tp* TJV adj- ni. abundant; eminent.
t
:|--t
-

tt.

f.

TjV

adj. m..

NTJV

f.

foai^;

"ViV and ftTJV

ceedingly.

adv. very; ^x-

hard,

difficult;

worthy, honor-

ed; costly, precious.

*"ljT

to

he heavy; to he or he es:

prep, and conj.

7/A-e;

crs;

orc-

teemed honorable or valuablt

cordiug

to.

m
X3
adv.

VOCABULARY
JOtD hi '"'' M D3 to press, and u
.

><

all; the wholi

<

ry; any.
(lull:.

CDD
tu

tread,

J03-

^3

to

hold buck.

make " way;

to subjt ct; to Iddt

refrain. Ithpe. tobe restrained.

bind, chain.

N^D- ttfV?3
(!/)
pr. n.
to

f-

daughter-in-law.

*13 and

*T3

conj. as, so soon as,

(Heb.) Calah.
Sbaf.

313

adj./a?*(
.-

[when.
as; when.

7S3

be whole.

^DtP

H3 (H 3) Kfe
H3
T

H3"T

to complete, finish.

Ishtaphal

S^JnC'X
adv. now.

pass.

H3 T

11? hitherto. '-

07*3

n t used.

Aph.

to

shame.

Ithpe. to be ashamed.

f>PD,

NJH3 " i.prii st.

f.
:

PI.

ppf-).

rtf?3

pr. n.

(Heb.) Calneh.

ID and X1D, XfllD t T wall; window.

fcoZe in tht

N2D T "I ND3

:

conj.

and adv.

as;

how.

&'&<

**313

'-

m. thorns.
star.
:

3313

111.

ID adv.
to establish.

so, A.us.
f.

?3D

then, there-

p3
"113

Pa. 0 cmiri mi

pJD It t
:

pi-

colleagues.

[fore.
//./;.

N1213
liquid

m.

pifcfi.

tfTtiD and
p-133.

JOJS

m.

PI.
[turn.

na. '''"'

measure for things

dry,

or

equal

to

the

Nu M 3D
TTlC'JD

f-

assemlbly,
f-

congregatogether^

homer.

gathering

KJP7D,
ESniSpr.
C'13
pr.

KOTO
11.

and
Plur.

ND"D
PD13It: t
:

"'

congrt gating.

gfooZ; //,.

N2.33

adv.
n.

f/js.

(Heb.) Cyrus.

|>\?D pr.

(Heb.) Canaan.
-

n.

Heb.
-

Cush; Ethi-

ilNJl^D Pr

'i-

^"'

Canaanite.

S3.

133 and "133 m talent, [opia. Hp and ^3, X 3 and tfjp

p*

Plur. emph.

\\\Vp3.
glean.
1 z

CJD

'" collect,

Pa. sunn.

(also

without dag.

in

adj.

m.

Ithpe. and Ithpa.

" assemble.

VOCABULARY.
ND3, 'D3
to be

91

concealed.

Pa.

2j"0 Di~0

to write.
in-

to hide, conceal.

writing; prescription;

HDD
TDD
f-

see

HBOpr. n.

limitation.

covering; garment.

QVQ pr. n. (Heb.)

br\3 and

Cyprus.
icerW.

^Nm^DD
*"|DD
^"lDD,

$e Cashihim.

^ Injure; to insult.

em ph.
Hilpi

t^O m. N^rpf-

Plur.

N5D3

in- si7uer.

NiDfO

shoulder.

H7D

adv. no jo.
fo icasJt; to

"13D Pa-

purify;

to

prep.

1. to;

for;

of.

2.

Sign of

n5D '" &iW. N*^ to ie grieved.

Same.

[afore*.

Gen. and Dat; used often with

ace. after active verbs. 3.

Ithpe.

(TM

Pre-

form, to the Impf. of pronom.

f.

N/3"13 t
:

mantle; cloak.

origin.

DT^D
T

m. cherub.

Js? adv. nothing;

not.

HK
to

7"

see N*^S.

FTD

proclaim.

Aph. sme.
wine-

JIN* ? pr. n. (Heb.)

Leah.

DS.3 and 013, Npi") m.

yard.

2h

or

^D*?

heart.

Emph.

jqfr w ith
properly power, strength.
the

suff.

>>,

rn ?

p^ m.

and
ti'lj?

TpD ?,
Hi-

etc.

Hence, in union with Qi*,

clothing; garment.
to

power of
itself;

the day,

i.

e.,

the

day

& l7
f

to

put on;

clothe one's

the totality

of the day.

self.

Aph.
:

to clothe.

The

first

meaning excludes and

*JOi~l7
t t

pr. n. fAe
1

Libyans.
eaxtfjrt;

the second includes the night.

(H^

conj. (|H

N ?),

Z>^;

Hb p m.
f

Chaldean.
be agreeable.

(HP? 7) therefore.

1u*3

to be right; to to

Tl^

pr. n.
1

(Heb.) Z<7. Aram. pi.

Aph.

deem fit

or icorthy.

NTI ?

^e Lydians.

92

VOCABULARY
to curse.

ttV?

Inf.

d? >%2frO T
inter, pron.

*fo Vv.n.Lecite. PI. emph. N_*|^.

what; how; land

why.

jll^liT 7)prep.

to;

toward;

with.

JO/ whither;
i"TN!D

XirT7

adv.

r.:

ry; exceedingly.
one's self;
(in his

num.

f.

hundred.
Plur.

Dual

"Tin? adv. alone; by

separately.
,

fVTND, fiTNOemph.

|jgg

\"T'i

Tin72

KTIWO, t t
-:

'^10 and 'NO-: t t

lonelinesses) alone.

pJffO

dual m. scabs; balance.

Urfr,

JOf! ? m.

f/'f(/.

Targums have

[WK& KJJTJ&

DPI/ m. feast.
n.3rt7
f.

"IDNO

see

^D^D-

concubine.

[JO and
)?y2,*2

|J55m. vessel; instrument.

KO? DD/
T

to curse.

m. fountain.
see

same.
f-

^p
1

*??

1X*7
,!

labor; fatigue.
n*gffe.

JhlPpr.

n. (Heb.)

J%

0fl

r.

7 7 and X7* ? m.

Emph.

^7^T
:

Plur.

p^7. It
:

""OtD

Pa

throw down;

to ties-

77 adv. &#
1

night, in the night.

HTp, NIl^P
altar.

and '-JO, m.

JT*?'
///>

n* ? (JTN
nof.

l<6),

^ere

not,

N~D"7P
-

m.

desert, wilderness.
f
* aa

[Zes.

fl1*2 and t

nl^D t:
'

tribute.

H*j?

subs, and adv. nothing; not;

l

"Tj"ltD ni. residence.

[a

Mede.

TP.

,r

n (Heb.) Lantech.
-

HP
T

pr. n.
i.

(Heb.)

Madai; Mt dia;

ft}?, to labor, toil; to befatigut d.

POHP
H.HP

province; country.
rising; east.
[east.

Q7J7 UpH t gather.

|tS^>

adv. forever.
Part. pass. \yrft.
(for

ni.

NmnS
WDjrjo
/>'///;

and

HP

m. sunrise;

jrfradv. under
and

^nN ?).
1

phi dtojj
i.

jo)

[^7
n.

c. fongnte.

before that,

e.,

hereto-

JTg^pr.

(Heb.) Lesha.

fore.

VOCABULARY
110 m
JTIO
t
-

93

dwelling, residence.

J**0

l'l-

waters. Const.
-

*p and

Hi-

knowledge.
-

HO and HO
7^77(10

see

XOt
(Heb.) Mahala[led.

0*0- Emph. K*DT food. 7 0*0

to.,

pr. n.

10*0' N10*0
command.

word, request;
suff.

ONIO T

pr. n.

(Heb.) Moab.
" **

With

some-

iTJONlO P^

Moabite.
pr-

times person or se7/. ^T

N10*0

rragio, Nrvasio
abitess.

**-

fAe

Word of Jehovah.
pr.
ii.

/"W'P
IJJ^p

Mishael.

10 and prriOi *io pi- m- waters.

JTIO
in.

pr. n.

Meshach.

death.

iu*p, Nip^p, np^pm-i^'"'",

valley,
flat;

jllO or

/TO

'o die.

camping place;

OiT)0

si^;

stay; dialling

stoppnng place.

place.

N*70 and /'O ' t

:

to

^ A#;

fo/2H-

JOO/llO
|1?D
:

chair;

dwelling
[/>7a\

Hi- ./00<7.

INIO H10 T
'

in-

angel.

f-

word; speech; matter;

NITO t

'o strike; to

wound; todes7*1

tiling.

?/<>,(/,

extirpate. Pa. same. Ith-

70

in-

speech; talk.

pe. pass, fo be fastened.

iY?p,

Nrfrp

m- sa^-

/"NUID
Np7l"T0

Pr- n.
f-

(Heb.) Mehujael.
e. g.,

1170

fo Sflfr; ^0 season.

course or class,

170
110-

and T]70 m.

feuigr.

Hebra-

of priests or Levites.

ized plur.

D^O^Oin-

JOCI10

f-

thought; purpose.
to reach. to be-

JO
ff-

advice; counsel.

NOO
fall.

to

come, arrive;
/J7 to

ilOlO
)j?*2

Queen.
reign,

With

com^ upon;

kingdom,
-

domiu[ion.

110 P a
of; be[cause.

speak.

7*)00 prep. o account

?7*2*2

m.

manner of speech;

J^OO m

rain,

speaking; speech.

94

VOCABULARY.
(0), subs,
of;

JO

and prep., part;

7%?*2

m. doing:

action.

from;

because of; rather

setting of the sun. Plur.

than; than.

JO and JO
i""]

inter, pron.
vt r.

who;

ichat.

in.

entrance; door; gate.

JO whot

Wffi
D^TiO
to

f.

raw<ZdZe,

mwta.

JO

see

JN.

Pr

(Heb.) Mizraim;

}O0 t
:

and

^JO
Part.

number;

to

Egypt.

reckon.

pass.

JOO

for

t^rpg,
in.

xenpg and xcnpio

tt

N^g.
*30
fo

Pa. |tp,

^g,

|g and

sanctuary;
^"10
" T

mple.

appoint.

mp

10, JO0T T T
"110

na. /<</v/.-

master.

-see

rno-

'" rt '"

^ oc rebellious.
;

inigm., Njryo, Kninjof.

knowledge; intelligence; understanding.

-no, :

N*n^ t
-

and

ntwd
t
:

m.

disobedience; rebellion.

TO
T T

adj. m..

KTO, NTH10 TIT

T
:

IT30 m.

/'*/,

quietness; silence.
offering;

and

XflTIO

f-,

disobedient;

UniO
V3D m
J10
-

f-

fl^A;

meat-

rebellious.

offering.

DllO
r.

ni.

height partic. Heavens-

nirmbi

height.

'0 *OC* ^" hiarcus

i.

oj

and

J^g

adv. Jtf jg) toftence. (

height,

e.,

Me

///'<//<

Heaven.
.!/">-

J7.30 '" refuse; to forbid; to hold

WfflD
010
N'J'O

pr. n.

?//>

wiontf

back.

chesvan (8th, about November).

pr- n.

tl&HD
*1D0
'"

(Heb.) Manasseh,
over,

fo P?MC/C

&#
JffosA.

/""><'

deliver up,

t^'g pr. n.

(Heb.)

betray to anyone.

pr. n.
n.

(Heb.) JlfesAa.

xj/o

c. ///>/.

with
Plur.

suff.

rmg
and

i1*0 P^
nt:*g,

(Heb.) J/*. .

and ri#g.

(J^g

Nnt^g

m. oii.onves.

J^O)

also

///,/.

TlB^'g pr. n. (Heb.) Meshech.

VOCABULARY.
TIC'

95

m. skin.
:

prophet.

Plur.
const.

|W33
*5,3,

and

33tfD, N33B>D and JO3JT0 t::~ t

in.

-:

|N*31

emph.

couch; bed; cohabitation.

JWIJ
HN^n:.

and

N\X^.

TDLJ'D
1

dwelling;
f-

tent.

emph.
and
:

M N*nN D^

pi*XT2

musical rccd, fife.

KTtt^
t

KHW3J
t
.

f-

nn^rp

and

>fi#D m.

/eas;

prophetess.

banquet.

j~0 and n*'P

'jNtSHfi!?

a dj.

in- ?ea<^.

f^03
NC*"D:3
"1JP to

and
f-

;^no.

pr. n.

(Keb.)MetJi usael.

?VA<; candlestick.
to

VbUf<\!M2

pr. n.

(Heb.) J/c//<-

draw;

enlarge; to flow.

1}}

prep, toward.

IfO

and [JT^ m.
f-

#//?;

reward.

mi,

Nmu m. %&*.
DUJ
to
(7/-,y

}>0)lD

same; expense.
P-

D1JP and

or

&<?

dried.

PHD P r
JOJ

Bashan.

Ithpe. ?o become dry.

Pa.

1 z

"

make
and

dry.
pi. f. ?Hf7s

^3
'"

not used.

Ithpa.
to

PJJ and j\13

beyond

^JDN

speak for God;

the sea; continents.

prophesy.

Up
f-

Pa. fo pZa# upon an instru-

fWOf KJTfcfQJ
"1^"!?!^
zar.
pr. n.

prophecy.

ment.
J/vp
'" touch.

Nebuchadnez-

Ithpa. to be leprous.

Dm
f-

to be

willing; to give volun-

rQOJ
Plur.

"#cc or position

(?).

tarily.

f;3Df
and

TOm m.
Ol N^l TU

row of stones;

wall.

N3J t

tfOJ,
N"0.3

to flee.

JlN^J and

" e

^
of

["0
(as

or

mm

ni

sheath; both/
soul).

proclaims by commission

sheath of the

God; one inspired by God;

-vim and -rim m. %fa.

\r,

VOCABULARY.
f-

1"Vn^
"lil J

illumination.
shine brightly.

down;
Pa.
to

to deposit.

Part, pass.,

to

rro
Heb.

and

ring

?aiu

us

or

n
be

enlighten.

Aph.

to

gwe

//V//^.

often retained alter preform.)

"inj,

N"in.3 m. stream; flood;

Hoph.

HtlXl

to

torrent. Plur.

pPO

and

jnrU

brought

down

or deposed.

^12)

to lift up, elevate. to keep,

ni 3 fo

mrf.

"1DJ

preserve; to observe,

"DM
t?M t
;

and
f-i

JOD1J

adj.

m.,
ign[er.
~

regard.

njODI.3

stranger;
f.

fon

no

and

no m., Nno, xno

_
.

f.

T T

and +}\}
t
:

dunghill.

res?, quiet.

nn^J
fcOp13
f-

ni.

sweet odor; acceptable

female.

Plur. emph.

sacrifice.

JO^O
"11 J
111. ./r

ni-

craft; deceit.

re.

ni^JJ

pr. n.

(Heb.) Nineveh.

^ln

to

reprove.

[DO
Aph.
to wi-

pi'- !'

^"-

month Nisan

(1st,

pM

fo suffer injury.
-

about April).

,;/ e

(^

or

often retained

NDVO

f-

plant; slip.
PI. riches.

after

preform.).

Aph.

part.

hurtful.

DD^ DDJ in- wealth. "DJ m. see 'DO. t

:

nj

pi',

n.

(Heb.) Noah.
t<>

"03
('?).

ni-

leopard.

ni
u'nj

DTD
or

console

Pa.

"TipJ

pr. n.

(Heb.) Nimrod.
/(,- /Vr

D*nJ

Dnj

to */<w;

sympa-

DD3

to to/.v,
fo to/.v;

thy; to consoli
ni.

nD^
"1D.1

a u-a<i, remove.
to

brass.

and Pa.

pow om;

to offer.

nnj

to

descend, go down.

Inf.

A] ill.

to sacrifice

nra.
nn*,

Aph.
imp.

n>njj,

im P f.
&0

TID.3 in- drink-offering.

nnx ^

Hp^

to asei

ml.

Aph.

to c<w/.sv to

VOCABULARY.
ascend; totaki up. Heb.Hoph.
passive.
(1*2^*^ pr. n. (Heb.)
*"lpj to

97

encompass, surround.

C'p.3 to strike, smite.

Naamah.

Xt^J
pa.,

to /"/.'. to

ta&e T/r^//. Ith-

*PW
tli}

Pr- "

(Heb.)
to

Nooml

with 7^/.

to

me wp against.
to

^JCl^
to

wake.

Dt\3 to breathe, blow, puff;

breathe; to breathe in;

wave.

inflate.
i

Vi b#
t
:

pi. f.

of

xm.

era;
T'&J

<*

B*)3to

to fall;

fall
TiD*.

down;

to

that which lives, soul.

"lu'4
in.

happen.

Impf.
out,

eagle.

p53

to

go

forth; to depart.
to

priu'j

Bi- epistle, letter.

Inf.

p5>2

and pS>. Aph.

VTPil

pi.

m. Nethinim; temple-

bring forth, put forth, remove.

servants.
|i"0 to give. Impf. 77V etc.

KpfiJ

f.

expense;

cost.
f-

Once

CSS and

C'J c, Ntfg

life;

soul ; self; a living being.

"U"0 & /a^;

to
off,

to let

fall; to fall

^5 J
i

an<

-l

u'*ip<3

to be

many;

shed.

Aph.

to

shake off

nen

ase.
pr.

D
^"'

*Nmn2.3 " t
:

Naphtuhim.

HND

f-

measure;

seah

(J of

,L,

n3^

pr. n. (Heb.)

Naphtall

ephah).

Emph. NTlND-

Plur.

DV^ m
N-JiM

planting; plant.
firmness; hardness.
prevail aver.

3D in. elder; old nam. JOD pr. n. (Heb.) &le&a.

:

[pND-

f-

nyj
7*^

' surpass,

Ithpe., Pa.

and Ithpa. sam<

r.

J02D f sambuke (a four stringt 7 3D to 6ear; to eratf. [ed harp). 13D to carry, sustain to expect;
;

' liberate; to delivt

to

consider;

to

hope. Poel fern.

frO,3 and *pj

adj. in. ptwe.

rroiD.

98

VOCABULARY.
m
-

*1DD

hearing; aspect.
expression
of

"OD

to

understand;
:

to

look upon,
r.

T3N
mien

the face;

conti mplatt

to considi

"OD
pr. n.

not used.

Pa.

to shut;

to

nrDD
JOD t
:

(Heb.) Sabtah.
(Heb.) Sabtechah.

stop.

JOi*OD
t

pr- n.

D,

pvD

to

go up, ascend.

be numerous; to be in-

Pa. causative, to take away;

to sustain
ni.

creased, grow.
ply,

Aph.

to multi-

[to destroy.

[many.
adj.
in.

support, prop.

N\J]p and *Jp

much;

"7J,*D to aid, assist.

'"Vy&tofall prostratt ;to worship.

IJID ni
-

1^*D

strength; help; support;

[feast.

deputy; superintendent.
shut up

food.

*"UD

to

DID
"TID
1"inp

pr. n.
to

(Heb.) Sodom.
\

n*jjjd,

Nro#p
shold;

and

nthd

f.

m arrange. Pa..' tr\Qtolay.

testimony ; proof

&arZ/.

Pl.jn^D andfnU*D>

f-

^}D

in. Ar<

ntrance;post.
^'-"

THD- N~b*7D and

N^JID^JlID)

'D
-

in-

witness.

tf*3*P

|HJ1

'/?

i>oste;

nthd and Ninp f

const,

*^-

tin*5 *3*D & pos^s o/ thy

^jfiD (= HNJlID,

1)D

pr. n.

Sephar.
scribe.

[/must.

abundance, multitude.
f-

"I5D and "15D

Emph.

iT^S.piD
"|1D

symphony; bag-pipt

in- e?ic?.

JOPg and N-IDD15D i- oook; roll. NHSD JV3

archivi
s.

rj*|D fo ro;r fo "//

'

nd;

to

/><

fulto

filled.

Apb.
to

to

put an

ml

pH^p
71 ""ID ln
-

pi.

m. under-garments
tlie feet.
r.

anything;

consumi

perhaps reaching to
beside.
Itli-

10D
7pD
'

'" side.
,

-\0D*2

ininisti r;
-

rub

" see into, recognize.

Ninp m
"VlD
I

winter.

.DDDN

to

become wise;

'a

Iflp

tohide; to destroy.

VOCABULARY.
|1^ and
^X^*
to go,

99

\)1ty

in.

fwie, yea?*.

go

in.

I^i^
make;
to

and

"Ciy

m. (/m/;

//,/.-.

"OJ/ and Aph.

to work-; to

to

do;

^Siy
T)^

pr. n.

(Heb.) 06aZ.

prepare. Itbpe. and

adv. while; during; yet.

Ithpa. to be made; to tula: place.

&W#

and

^1^

f.

iniquity; sin.

*D 13& TD# and -|^ m.

servant.
1JIJ

Plur.

p# and p#.
m. 6oy; t/o^/,/

D^l# NQ'fry
-

"D#

Pr

"

Abednego.

young man.

NT3# f
""D#

'*; My/-.
(Heb.) #&er.
over; o depart from;

\XRd$$
with

f-

flwZ; <<//.

Plur.

pr. n.
to r/o

suff.

tid^w, 'in^iy.
Efe.

"O^
to

transgress.

Aph.

to

send

m
*TlJ7

"P^

m. bird; fold.
pr. n.

(Heb.)

over; to transgress.

T|Jf and

*l^

to

wa&e.

Ithpe.

"D#
tht

m. fAe fcyond. JOfJJ

"Q#

iym, -\ym
m.
chaff.

and -v;vin
[to

other side of the Euphrates.

awake.

*"1^ prep,

and

conj. to; until.

to .2>ss

MSryiy,

K^nty

(and without
rat>ew.
T

H~\V and
with

'"1J7

away;
be ab-

daghesh) and JO")I* m. T

.

fo co*r

upon;

to

f"lj/*-

JO JT1 J7 m.power; strength.

olished, destroyed. Impf. plur.

f# and
Htj^

Nry

f.

she-goat.

rn#*.

Pa. HJ/*

fo &e

pregnant;

pr- n.

(Heb.) aza.

to conceive.
to

Aph.
(X
or

to

ta&e

away;

n*typr.n. ~/W<.

remove.

j"J

often re-

^pr^

f.

riwgf; seal-ring.
n.

tained after preform.)

80$ prHHf^
ND^/
f<

(Heb.)

Zvm.

fTO
11^
[-#

pr. n. (Heb.)

Adah.
Jddo.

pr. n.

(Heb.) Azariah.

and Ni*l#

pr. n.

counsel; wisdom.

*1^|V m. conception.
pr. n.

*)y&
stVto;

*ny#

and

N-p# m

(Heb.) #<&.

region; other side.

100

VOCABULARY.

/# and ^j;,

^j;
tfa

and J^'A*
upperpart;

fV7^

m.

//<

J/o.^ /%/'

Plur.

and frOJtedj.m.
ht
it/lit
.-

excel, same.

with |p, as adv.. above;

Prefixed with 7

*fA*

f.

upper chamber; lodging

r.

higher than.
or 7^3, same.

chambt

77^ to go
adj.

In, enter.

Aph..S^^,
&rm<7 m.

vfry, T ^
Ot'M/

rwfyy T T
"^

^- ,.<///.

/A'N and

^n,-to

uppermost.
pr. n.

Heb. Hoph.
(Heb.)

^D
ui.

pass.

EJam.

i.

e.,

D.J^ and O.J7

a^e; n nmt,

Susiana.

time; eternity; world; ']} "T^

]% NJ\J/ and NJ# m. eye.

Plur-

/or

<

/.

PW
Ni\J7
"TJ/
!'

? fountain,
plcm; counsi
r.
1
'

pi.

|W#.

^U?V pr. n. Elamite.

Plur. const.

111.

watclu

A^A*

*6. ri

TV)?

pr. n.

(Heb.)

imd
and

D^-V

JOJ/

people.

Plur.

*rw, NTH#)
23A*

wwy (nn^
f.

nakedness.
to

DA* prep. /M;

remain.
</<

mi; by.

Pa. to delay;

Ithpa. same.

ep,
ni.

7^7 prep, upon; over: conci rning;

besides;

^tD^ and *7*2

DtDJ.* '"

labor;

toil.

against;
because.

to;

toward.
const.

beoxbecome dark. Palp.

'" ""' / v
'

1 7^

Plur.
-

D#PA?

'

'"^-

**?# used witn suff

"ItDA* "' wool.

H ?^
j""[
.

burnt-offering. PI.

p^V
forms

J"f"OA*

1"'-

n (Heb.) Gomorrah.
-

A^

f-

occasion; pretext, [of 7^*.

OA*

f.floclc of
'''

sheep or goats.
to
/"'

^7^,
*7^* adj

n^
.in.

and

V?*#

s'""' j"OA* '" ""-

afflicted.

upper; highest, [rreg.

*NtDJi* P r T T

" ^"' -{miniim.

pA*

111.

cloud.

VOCABULARY.
j^*
to collect

101

clouds;

to

draw

to-

p")^ and p"]^*

to

fo,/?<

'

'"" away;

gether.

Pa same.

Inf.

&OJV;

escape.

Inf.

!Ti"lt^ and

with

suff.

ni^*Np"Uf
pr. "

tp^
F)}V

na.

hough; branch.
fine.

theArchites.
ni. fter&.

WW m..
in.

D^*,

3fc?>#

time.

n *!^3
?

Aws;

as

HJO^
twenty.

and

"Tiy#

m.,

follows.

3D# see Db^ntf?P# m., Knnp#

*TDjgf.,*np#m*)^
fen.

f.

[fcnfA.

|*gty and pt'# adj.

/?; strong; mighty.
J)u*J7 ^" think; to

in. 7 ,o,o

,--

branches; foliage.

*"l5jy* in. rfwsi.

purpose.
asfolloios.
.

!3*V^

adj.
o &c

troubled; sad.

jlj7

in-

ime.

jl^D

DpJ/

crooked, perverse. Pa.

1i"\y not used,

to

Pa. to prepari
to set vp>.

caus.
"lpj,* ^" ''oo^ o; to

determine;

pluck

up.

Tnjfand TOT adj. m, NTH^

f.

"lpj,* in. stock; root.

"1J,*

ready; determined; preparto.

m. enemy.

ed; about

With

foil. Inf. it

'ym\p and Pa. ^o mix.

signifies to will the given ac-

TT^ and "P"^ m.

ilY^]?
1
i-

if ild ass.

pTlp
01)

adj.

m. ancient:

old. [tion.

emptying out; damage.

adj.

Kj?P1#

m.

na/cetf.

^WJ?,

pr. n.
-

(Heb.) Phut.

N^b^
^IlH^
0*"\i* aQ d

IPlur.

pK-), and

13 m

mouth.

occur.

[13 adv. wow. (Used to strengthni.

0*1^

adj.

cunning.
i

en another particle.)

V~\V. an<^ .1**^

to meet.

'

occur happen;

IpTlD

releasing; redemption;

Impf.jn&andJTTjP-

salvation.

102

VOCABULARY.
(

JJ'13

"

come forth;

to

abound;

to

CH3
D*12 ~T

to

divide. Part. pass.

division.

D"ID

increase; to remain over.

(pP"13)

|-jn2 m- govt
Const.
"irtD
t^'CDfl

'"'"' of a

province.

pr. n.
f- Sl

(Heb.)
-

Perta;
C-P<

///<

nn);
potu
/.

plur. jjng.

ND1D
*D^D

^e

rsians.

m
;

a Persian.

p]mi>liatic

and

C"G2
-

na. fiaue.

arena. t t
-

^ND'l'TD Pr n

^"' Pelusians.

V*1Q

to

mwft
paid;

/; to
to

/'

ward. Ithpe.

NT) m. fruit.
fvhg.
|1C
f>

Plur. p*V) and

to be

take vengeance,'
[erate.

to exact.

) pr- n.
1

(Heb.) Pishon.
to divide.

H"ljD to break- off; to redeem, lib-

^3 and J* ?^ m. half.
y?3
pr. n.
f-

u*"13 to-separate;
distinguish.

to

divide;

to

Pa. Part.

pass.

(Heb.) P<?%.

C"^i32

d< finitely; distinctly.

NJ^iD

division.

p*02
to cul-

in-

copy.

fl^S

to serc<; to

worship;

H"13

pr. n.
to

(Heb.) Euphrates.

tivate the soil; to observe a re-

Uu'3

reach out, extend.

quirement,
?I"T?3 and

[ice;

worship.
serv-

"CD

to dissolve, explain, solve.

jn^lS
l

""'"'/''
-

"C'2tf
sible.

subs, possibility, pos-

^Xnu ?3

,l

,r

^' e Philistines.

[Hon.
rpretation; explana-

D3

m.

'//'/.

extremity.
,

[tery.

1C'3

in- <'"''

pDJD3
"tpD Pa.

C'n 'H-) m.

psaZ<
.

DJH3
I, tt,

m.word; command; edict;

thing.
<

{<V! and Pa. to deliver; tofrt

to

r;

order;

to

command.
r.

PinD T

?0

>^" r, .t'

" extend.

P*HD
Hp)

and
m.
to
1

HHfl

in-

redeem*

nnS
*flS

to open.
in-

irore.

[A'/-

breadth,
t
-

width.

With

rnD
02~\D

flourish; to blossom; to
>;L

to sicstain;

tonourish.

'NDnnS

,r

//"

Pathrusim.

VOCABULARY.
\1V
* ^"'''^/ * ^' ; thirsty.

103

Act.

JOV
*Qy

"

'"-'

willing.

jliJOV
f-

pi-

m.(Heb.) armies, hosts.

1*iy and
(for

matter; will; design.

pr. n.

1*y

to

waylay; to catch.

D**Qi

(Heb.) Zehoim

ithpe.

Tvn#to

D\V3V)-

iliy and j"Vy

oe inclined; to

irOy m
J/5V
'"

" Kw?c, somewhat.

?<'(>.

As

hear;

to perceive.
to

Aph. fVyjv
to obey.

adv. /or a s/wri

and jTyj< " T

Ithpa.

^ear;

dip;

to

moisten.

MTV P

r>

n (Heb.) Sidon.
"

l^y
JO:*.
acy.

collect;

to

heap up;

to

iy m.

.s;W<'.

[glean.
-

H^y pr- n. (Heb.) Zillah. N^y t incline; to listen. Pa. H7y and ?y to pray, suppli,l

N*1V m

design; conspir-

cate.
pf 7

to

prosper.

Apli.

sam<

NT** and

H>

&e wasted, deto catch; to

f.

caus.; to promise.

stroyed, deserted;
conspire.

/>,

o^y, d^v- o'py and tfpy

Part.

act.

'iy.

m. image; idol; appearance.

NHV
TViYN*
Aph.
to
(

Ithpeel

H*OV^

and

sy?y,

P i.

j^y'py,

fJ^V'

as thou ' h

from TXK)-

P^V^V

(and 'y) cymbal, cym-

destroy; to scorn.
f-

nOV
[tion.

sprout, germinate, [bals.

pr. n. /te

NJIViy

devastation; dcstruc-

*{Ot3V

Zemarites.

p*"T: adv. m. righteous.

NpTi m
{^pli
ing.
f.

justice; piety.

"1*5 V

m
-

he-goat.

same; virtue; almsgivan<^

Emphatic NJ1p"TV

13y c ^'''^13y ni. morning,

make fast.

dawn.
to

D"^V D0 * use^- P*-

strengthen;

lpiy

f.

righteousness; piety.

1H4

VOCABULAKY
f-

JO~lV T T
.

burning;
fire.

destruction

ui/i'i /; y//.s7.

through

NH^ip. NiTO"Tp
//n
///>/.

f-

emph.

P
.Dp
to

(From forms N*21p-

comt

to to

meet; to visit;
cry.

to

complain;
ct ivt
:

Pa.
to ht

to

re-

WlTlp and JOn-jP adj. m. 0/

DiTTp
cratt

to

accept;
to

ar;

to to

m. cedar.
to set

[color.
to conse*"///'.

listen

to;

comply with;

u'"lp Pa.
:

apart;

cry nut.

to sanctify.

Aph.

?3p

and

TOP
ana

P rep. before; op-

CHp

pr. n.

(Heb.) Kedesh.

posite; becaust of.

With

suff.

JOnpui. c&ngrt gation;assi nibly.

n^np U ~ l^p ? *"//" OD~ 3 t |t:t

1
i l

rv^2p. etc.
because
|
.

CHip.

Nu'lip

m.

holiness;

sanctuary; the Holy Our.

of; conj.

because;

therefore.
as.

^Ip,

Sp

to

6e

7,7/7rf.

Ithpolal

Foil,

by

forasmuch

to In

diminish d;
up;
to to

to sin/:.

C^lp

adj. in. fa>Zy; saint.

Dip
m.

to rise

stand.
to

Pa. to

Dtp- Np-lp
nst.

and

N^-Tp
1

establish;
tn

abide;

swear;

former time; beginning;

(list siil
i

post.-

confirm:

to sustain.

Aph.

p^lp ?^/'"'"'tin
<
.

to set nj>:

to

appoint.

Hoph.

'

rly; in

front; <m

sidt

Dip, Dip
fore.

and

Dip
suff.

prep, be-

"!Dlp and

~2p
k

insep. prep, be-

It

takes

of plural

JOIp

and

\nip

m.

cold.

[fore.

nouns;

e. g.,

D1D, 'HiO'lpq-

p"1ip and f3"|p m.

sorrijiii
:

oblation;

Dip
^tD"7p
t'.

i-

fD

or

Q-ip.

oti'i

ring.

<-l'Op to kill.

before time; antiquity.

prep.
A'/'"/-,.

^"iiTp adj.

111.

killer;

murderer.

r\*21p [Q

"Op
past;

iu.

knot; joint.

*OTp

(W*2"Jp)

^lj.

in.

iTp

in. siniinii r.

VOCABULARY
QT5
and

105

Qvp
to to

to live.

Pa.

DT5
.

Dip
to

and

Dip
m ar;

'"

approach;

to

and
to

DNp
to

maintain

in lift

touch; to bring. Pa. same.

Aph.

swear;

confirm by oath;

bring
-

to

<>ff< r.

to causi

swear.
edict; decree.

Dip m

war; fight
pr. n.

D*p

in.

con mint:

Hip and JHIp

X*JHp
np,
oV.v.

Cordis
[tan
f

0*p
f*n

adj. in. established ; firm.

pr. n.

Cardania.
k

pr. n.

(Heb.) Cain.
(Heb.) Cainan.
or

N*;ip, N*;iip and

siip

f^Ppr.

n.

Emph. NTHp. NJTIp flllp and pllpHiuph

Dirrp, Diinp
ciihara, a

Diirvp

m.

Plur.

kind of harp.
Plur.

N'^p- N*npip-

^p,

*?p m. iWfr.

f^p Dpp

adj. in. near; ale in.

thunders;

?/p

voices.
.

nnp f
,.,/.sW
pr. n.

Heb .) city. ySIN jipp

^p and Hp,

^hp m

Kirjath-Arba.

grain; grain of wheat or barley.

flp and ppe.//or.

and pip.'
|*1p
ni-

Phillip

P ' ^ e light, "Dp see Dip'

'

despised, lessen-

Dnal.pip.
Emph. NJX'lp7^
^H'fy.

["^ diminished.

piece; fragment.
truth.

TOp.

NTOp
to
^'.'A

in-

meal; flour.
obtain,

'Oiup m.
With
ilC'p
f-

Op

purchase,

*},

indeed; With

acquin

[padocians.
pr. n.

&oh>; rain-bow.

W'pDlSp
]*p,

(Heb.)

Mr Cap-

JWp m.
'"
^''

en<7.

pINI
a rage.

pr.

ii.

(Heb.) iZew&m.

*lVp

angry;

to be in

C'NI and
ning;

^1 m.

head; beginPlur.

lip
]*Vp

m. anger; wrath.
* <

sum;

amount.

#;

* l

'

hi ails; chiefs.

jiyp tpart;

end.
to rea<7.

y\ XD1
Imp. *1p
leader;

adj.

m. great, high;
prince.

Nip

to

w//;

chief;

Plur.

rn/(/,

(Others say Part. pass.)

pdidi.

106

VOCABULARY.
NrD") " T
f-

N3"l, T ~

9reat; strong.

nil
*"1

pr. n. (Heb.) i? M tf.

secret.
ni. stret t;

,~]3"1 to be

great or (im< rons.

ur.

m.

12") 13")

f.

greatness; grandi

aim
ten

squart

and X13"l num.

adj.
PI.

in"l
p'tTl

pr. n.

Rehum.

thousand, a myriad.
?i3"1
na.

pa").

adj.
n.

m. distant; remote.
(Heb.) iZacAeZ.

ton?; master.

^mpr.
&Wa"l
f.

*^"| and

*a^ m- boy; young man.

ppm pl.m. mercy; compassion.

j*m
to

JT1 num. adj. m..

fcurth.

rsi

<'/*.

Ithpe., with

/^/ sam(

Hpa")

pr. n.

(Heb.) Rebecca.

pf-p and p^CH

moved. Aph.
to

to
/'

&e far, re.

yryi
JJJ]"1

adj. m..

jot?"! *

see an.

//""<

to

AoA/

|a*ia*l m. great one; nobleman;

fo desire,

far

off.

long for.

[prince.

u*m.

u'*f"H

to creep; to

swarm.
reptiles'.

HI

to

//<

moved, excited.

Cm- C'ni m.
f.

worms;

and emph. m. XC'IT"! and

*?T) and ^jfjc./oo*. PI. and dual

a*Gl and a*LD1

CJ"1
to
.-

adj.
n.

m. jmcy;

'"

tumult, m, is.

Aph.

to

moist;
T

in

fresh gret
f

,,/,//

to collect

together in rage
[or "'/7A

Xa^ and Xa*^

T

young woman.
u.

*l"m

to

jmrsm

tumult.

rr~) m.

*<< ///. s??k

"H m. aspect; appearance.

nST)

Pr- n.

(Heb.) Riphath.

m"l

<

wind; breath;
-/////..

spirit.

fpn
'

adj. m.,

N^pn

f.

wwon*,

T)
Q1"1

to &( to

Impf. VV.
Poel
7///

mpty.
see

&<

/<<'.<//'

to exafo;

t?n

cwn.
111.

praise,
s If.

[thpo. to

wp

.//,,"*

1
T

adj.
to

fa'grA.

[/'/y/".s-<

Foil Perf.
//' /'////.-

pi.

VD")-

X^n
PiVT\

throw, cast: to place; to

Q11

ni.

honor; dignity.

pr. n.

Ramoth.

VOCABULARY.
L^'Cl
Dtt-

107

evening.

Dj/O 31 tJ^
~)pj^ m.
to de-

to sAow/ respect.

?P*1 pr.

11.

(Hob.) Resen.

side.

Xy*l

to feed,

guard, tend;

S^j^

frv

understand. Itbpa. with

sire; to like. Ithpe. to

be dear;

3
)}r\
t

^>

consider.
f-

to like; to find pleasure.

1^*") f-

L
.

?2Vf t
:

intelligence; under-

pleasure; will; delight.

standing.

N3t^ t
:

to Twite.
in.

job t
**

hater; enemy.

fl^jn and

fyn

m. thought; un-

lyt^
T

Aotr.

derstanding.
nt3J/*"l pr- n. (Heb.)

mi# pr. n. (Heb.) Sarah. T

Raamah.

1^*")

a( ^J-

green; flourishing.

bXW, 7#&
N^NC'
f-

and

to

ask,

^jT) and

Pa.

y)pl

to

s/w^ r.

seek; to enquire.

break in pieces.

request; affair, concern.

pr. n.

DT\

to

trample upon.
in.

[pause.

^N*J"V?N#
*lNt* to &c

Shealtiel
remain. Itbpe.

NJ^p"!
D'*1

faw?< of heaven; ex-

?';/>;

to

to KOfe,

wn'te

down;

to sign.

same. Pa. Ttf/i fWB''to leave.

Itbpa.
to leave; to be left. ^' e

It? m.
j/DC'

e/der.

*"lNt*
t
:

P^i remainder.
num.
adj. c.

to to

be satisfied. ie or become great.

2C' and

3*t*

sec

n.

NJu' t
:

(In Jer. Tar,-, for

JDg

4'.)

{^J^

adj.m. great; much,

maun;

KX' t
:

pr. n.

(Heb.) Sheba.
to sing.

adv. very; exceedingly.

nDC'

Pa. to praise;

1"inC*

f-

testimony ; proof

*J?C' or fOiytp, NfJX*'. m.

stem; tribe.

/W;

Njft1E>,

N^ib*
to

and NjjilP

m. satiety ; fullness.

y^& m. flame.
to give

D1C

to

place;
to

appoint;
(a

*^*OJ*' ord. adj.

m. seventh.

(order?);

j'sswe

decree);

HM^' Hp# 2>E*') seventeen.

108

VOCABULARY'.
adj.
s'
'''

X'2'C nun.,
'DC'-

f.

NjpB>

'31CV
/////.

N!2$tW&
chites.

Pr.

n.

fAe

w*<m-

'"

Plur. s'n

pDu'

to leave;
/' //"'/.

to forsake;

tolet
to p< r-

n*nC*
As

adj.

m. corrupt; wicked.

off; t"

toforgivt

subs, crime.

1VW
u'3C P a
*?JC'
f-

Peel, to deliver;

to free.

to

puzzlt

]><

rplex.

inf.

NDi*tr with

suff.

rvQPtp.

?'"'/'

of a king; queen. PI.

ND**C

f-

deliveranct

refuge.

fw and fw}^1C t
:

Wu
to

f.

*"""
measure.
to finish;
to

to throw, sling;

pour

)1^V'

in.

out, shed.

WW
same:
to fly.
to

and *yj^ Peel,

to

^IC

fo *""/. Ithpe.

to

cerise:

extirpate;

de-

^""Tu' Pa. to persuade.

Ithpa.

stroy; to perish.

Ithpeel pass.

endeavor;

to

be occupied in.

NDtfiW
T

iD) m. foundation.
T

**ntP Pa.
i

I.

to wrestle.
self.

Ithpa.

to

l"Qu*

to discover,

find; to attain.

,11

rt

ont

's

Aph. saw

T0
by\0
T
f.

II. to send.

NJ*DC T
and
dag.),
lias

f-

dwelling; encamping;

"tlTu

pr. n.

Shadrach.

stay; Sht Jcinah.

m. {OSIiT. N^iDu

DDC
to

pr- ".

(Heb.) Shechem.
to rfw<
//.

^l-J'J* (and

without

p^ and p^C*
cause
fee
'<>

resf.

Pa.

ear of corn: sta?&. Plur.

dwell.
:

masc, ending.

Pf7C!to
.

complett

to bt

sunn.

*-0

Pa. /"
:

sef, 7'/'"'

Ithpa. to

bt

nS u T
T

f-

and
mistake; error; failure.

hi, nli

tn

becomt

*!*?!' f-

DW
TlC*

i-

Q.

DCJ"-

TVhW T "
trumpt
>.

f-

tranquillity.
*'""'
""'".'/'

tfH&)& and N"n)*u'

Nplu'

pf^u'
Or

'"

to pirf om<

'" street; open place.

".//'.

1'a. s'imi

"I. v/-.///.

rhZ*

pr.n.(Heb.)

.S7<7/.

VOCABULARY.

109

&)&

and D^C*. with

or
to

^,
fall
to

and Ithpa.
obedient.
to

to &e

heard;
to //'"/.<

to

be

to rule; to

have power;

Aph.
to

/<<"/,

upon, attack.

Aph.
ruh

to cn'.sv
r.

announce;
resound.
pr. n.

play;

to

const

fiD^C m

officer;

[rule.

to

1%jJ$ m.power; dominion. (Targ. T

r"OC
Vftfflf

Samaria.
c.

fbW)
D
,k

and Nu'^u'

stm.

?C' adj. m.power/wZ. With

CtDC^ Pa-

^ serve; to minister.

andlnf.jsermtVferf. Subs, ruler;

officer.

NC2C'

adj.
-

*''
-

'

rcant.

*C2u* P r
be perfect; complete.

"

Shimshai.
foofA.

D**?C
Dvil'

to

|? and kWTJ* m-

Dual

adj. in. perfect; complete.

to complete.

Pl#

O.C'

Aph.

to finish;

KM
Pa.

to be changed.

Pa. tochange,

to restore.

pass. part, different.

Ithpa. to

Cm

prosperity; peace.

change;

to be altered.

Aph.

as

?hp
DC'

pr. n.

(Heb.) Sheleph.

(}$ or

often retained
Inf. NJJ|?7T.

ainl
f'.

QC'

name.
t

Emph.

after preform.)

Kt2C t
:

Plur.

fnWI

t t

u'

pr.

ii-

(Heb.) Shem.
to destroy.
in.

WXtff.year. Const. fl3JJ>, emph. "

: :

"TpC' Aph.

xnc*', piur.
heaven;

ptr.
f. */<'//y>.

W*2\Z* Plur. emph.

tJte

P^'adj.

m.,

JO

heavens.

DD#

Ithpo.

DQlW'K

(0)

*o

NJ/*^
od.

f-

moment; any short pt

Emphatic Nnj{>

ri-

6e astonished.

and.

[DtP eAj.m.Miy&f.fat;
Plur. fat ones.

rich.

Kfitftf, plur.

j^'.

D3C
"T3C
to obey.

tou.

judge,

^\3t2C
y*2ty

plur.

m. fat pieces.
Ithpe.

adj.

m. fair; beautiful;

to

hear;

agreeable; good.

lilt

VOCABULARY.
to

7S?P' Aph.

bring down, hum-

JX'
T

pr.

n.

(Heb.) Seih.

ble; to subdue.

(^ or

J~|

often

retained after preform.)

antf T ~
agree-

f. ./"".

7^C
*l5tT

adj. in. low.

to be beautiful; to be

\"Vj"Iu'

in-

ord. adj. sixth,

11.

[/mi.

^ii3

W" P^
i-

Shethar-boz-

able.

n
in-

*13"^l^

dawn of the morning.

D\\T)
t
"
:

qf-

DIDX'/.- fig-tree.

p& f
"Ip^

leg.

NJWl
deception,
in

Plur.

t7p&* Aph. to make drink, water.

in.

p\STV (JOT)
"V?fl
adj.
f-

occurs.)

falsehood.
is

m- fragile.

N"npti'7
fedse.

en in or to wAatf

TOH
}/2T)
to

(Heb.) eW/t partic. ?-

habited earth, world.

remit;
to solve;

JOtT t
:

to loosen; to

to

enquire; to investigate;
to

to stop,

dwell;

to begin.

Part.

visit;

look for, ask for,

to

pi. |**1&* Zoose.

Ithpe. to be loosPa.
to loosi
:

desin

to

pray;

demand;

to

ed; to be begun.
to biejin.

mi

nge.
to

Ithpa. to be loosed;

"On
pii

breeds; to

break

off,

in

to
i

become powerless.
cause
tii

Aph.

to

s.

net i >etp; to
to be or

rest.

7*BOfl
broth.

m
f-

cooked food; mess;

my'

become dry. Ithpe.

same.

N"nri T
root.
f-

revolving

in

circle,

t!HB> m.

hence continuance;
[ment.

preceded

1EHt^
^p'"^i'

and
eradication,
l' r
-

by

constantly.
c.

f-

banish-

inn
3in
to

(Heb.) deep; abyss.

")V5^T
i~\\Z*

n Sheshbazzar.
f.,

return; to repent; to an-

num.

adj.

NfV'

m.

sia ;.

swer. Inf.

SiTD, DiTP- Aph.

act.
sic;.

Plur. priC* sixty.

same with

VOCABULARY.
yip\ adv. again; further.

Ill

jl^n

in.

snow.
adj.

S^in

pr.

(Heb.)

Tubal

ipfoft rd.

m.

/A

//</.

rp ^Ifl
en in.

P^

n-

(Heb.) TubalfArce.

Plur. thirty.
-

pl^ljin
TV\D
f

pr.n.(Heb.) Togarmah.

J^n^D m
OH.

^"' third part.

" oe

amazed,
f
-

terrified.

T^D adv.
thither.

&#

?'""//

"/"

Mr<Z.

$rfa\T\

('?)-

family; genera-

fiSTl and j8f adv. M</r:

tion; nation.

N5DD1D
SOIfl
"'

f-

occasion; cause.

T\*2y] (ft)

m. wonder; miracle.

tabret;

tymbal; tim-

\)*2ft pr. n. fAc

(4th,
*7",t2fl
t
:

month Tammuz

brel (tambourine).

about July).
adv.
?/s<< /(/",;/.

rjpiri m. strength.

arnpin.

NTonpin
f-

and

\3pn, iOll num.

m.
eight.
pi-

adj.

f.,

N^D

NTCPpH
Tin
m. ox.
f-

S"7*

as

means

Plur. eight)/.

of approach to a great being).

p^in^n
HTlft

consolation.

V^ft num.
praise;

adj.

m. second.

Nn^u'lD

renown;
soikj.

<7rea2 sea-fish;

gnat

glory; song of praise;

snake. Plur. sea-monsters.

Dinn
Hinri

ni

border.

ft)T^ft adv. a secondtime; again.

prep, under.
(Heb.).
desire; appetite.

Wft^ft emph. * t
: *

pi.

m. of uneer-

jinn we
ND1N*]1
T
f-

tain

meaning; either the judges

from the idea of passing sentence, or

f/ie

sheriffs

from that

NJTl^VTri

f.

blowing; sound.

of serving sentence.

D"VD T
:

pr. n. (Heb.) Tiras.

'''

HiDlpri

f.

course; solstice; season

N t n '"

'"' n

up, hang up. stretch

ppH

adj.

m. right; ft; firm,

f-

over. Ithpe. to be suspended.

^ft^^ft

blowing; sound.

112

VOCABULARY.
to be

^l'pn Impf. tlpfV

fast; to

strong,

,-

in and p"in num.

adj. in. ftoo;

bum,

be angry; to be

passionatt ly sad.

*l"in

>

'///''

<,/'/.

Pa. same.

f]*pl

adj.
ill

in.

strong; mighty;

^O^fl m
trana
l*"in
ni.

y'"'/''/

wallet.

pOW< if

7pD
|pn
to

to weigh.

Pass. part.

^pH

for *ypr\.
to

porter; watchman.

PL

be fast. Pa. to
to

make fast;
Aph.

prepare;
.

arrange.

^'BHfl
rnn,
adj.

pr. n.

(Heb.) Tarshish.

sarm

EEoph. to be restort d.

NTnn
f.,

and

prnn
m.

num.

flpil

to

grow;

to

become strong
/<"/</.

f.

two; both.

or powerful or

Pa.

to

>uTI
'"luTl
ri

N^u'n
"<'"'></.

sine.

confirm.

See *VpriU1
-

p;^TI
H)
7th,

*lpn and 'Hpn

thority.

power; au(n).
t

1 '-

"

'/"

month Tish-

Emph. ^*Dpnn t|:

about October).
T'ltmii.

DJ^ri

to interpret; to translate.
q.

*3fin

pr. n.

mn

i.

nn.

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r>

Xi

-^

w o
(Dt)