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What is Statistic?
Statistical Method and Data Analysis
A branch of mathematics, taking and transforming numbers into useful information for decision makers
Methods for processing & analyzing numbers Methods for helping reduce the uncertainty inherent in decision making
Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics comprises the statistical methods dealing with the collection, tabulation and summarization of data, so as to present meaningful information They are simply a way to describe our data Collecting and describing data Collect data Statistical Survey Method o e.g. Present data o e.g. Tables and graphs Characterize data o e.g. Sampleand Data Analysis Statistical Method mean =
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Inferential statistics Statistical inference, on the other hand, consists of the methods involved with the analysis and interpretation of data that will enable the statistician to develop meaningful inferences about the data
Statistical Method
Drawing conclusions and/or making o decisions concerning a population based only on sample data Estimation o e.g.: Estimate the population mean weight using the sample mean weight Statistical Method and Data o Hypothesis testing Analysis o e.g.: Test the claim Page 4the that
Type of Data
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Sample
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Parametric
Non Parametric
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Define the Problem Objective KNOW what you want to Tests of Hypothesesprove (or disprove) BEFORE you do any data collection! Start by completing the following sentence: I am trying to prove that Formulate the Null and Alternative Hypotheses The null (H0) and alternative (H1 or Ha) hypotheses are developed from the problem statement. The problem statement (what you are trying to prove) becomes the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis becomes what you are trying to disprove
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This is easy --- once you have formulated your Alternative Hypothesis.
If a test is established to determine whether a new population value is SMALLER or LARGER than the old population value, the risk of making an error in accepting Ha is placed on only one end of the distribution: Ho: NEW OLD Ho: NEW OLD Ha: NEW < OLD Ha: NEW > OLD
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Tests of Hypotheses
One Tail Tests
If a test is established to determine whether a new population value is SMALLER or LARGER than the old population value, the risk of making an error in accepting Ha is placed on only one end of the distribution: Ho: Ha:
NEW NEW
<
OLD OLD
Ho: Ha:
NEW NEW
>
OLD OLD
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Tests of Hypotheses
Two Tail Tests
If a test is established to determine whether a new population value is DIFFERENT than the old population value, the alpha risk is divided into two parts: Ho: Ha:
NEW NEW
OLD OLD
Tests of Hypotheses
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