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TITLE OF PROJECT:DESIGN AND ANLYSIS OF WIND MILL INTRODUCTION:Wind is caused by uneven heating of the earth from the sun

making wind a renewable and free source of energy. Wind turbines are an alternate source of energy that harnesses this renewable wind power to make electricity. Since wind turbines run solely on wind, they cause no pollution making them environmentally friendly. Basically, wind turns blades that are connected to a generator the generator then makes electricity (more on this later). There are two main types of wind turbines, horizontal and vertical axis. A wind turbine applicable for urban settings was also studied. All three types of wind turbines have varying designs, and different advantages and disadvantages.

TYPES OF WINDMILL TURBINE:-

Horizontal axis:Horizontal axis wind turbines are the most common type used (see figure 1). All of the components (blades, shaft, generator) are on top of a tall tower, and the blades face into the wind. The shaft is horizontal to the ground. The wind hits the blades of the turbine that are connected to a shaft causing rotation. The shaft has a gear on the end which turns a generator. The generator produces electricity and sends the electricity into the power grid. The wind turbine also has some key elements that adds to efficiency. Inside the Nacelle (or head) is an anemometer, wind vane, and controller that read the speed and direction of the wind. As the wind changes direction, a motor (yaw motor) turns the nacelle so the blades are always facing the wind. The power source also comes with a safety feature. In case of extreme winds the turbine has a break that can slow the shaft speed. This is to inhibit any damage to the turbine in extreme conditions.

Fig:Horizontal Type Wind Mill Blade

Vertical axis:Vertical axis wind turbines, as shortened to VAWTs, have the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. The main advantage of this arrangement is that the wind turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind. This is an advantage on sites where the wind direction is highly variable or has turbulent winds. With a vertical axis, the generator and other primary components can be placed near the ground, so the tower does not need to support it, also makes maintenance easier. The main drawback of a VAWT generally create drag when rotating into the wind. It is difficult to mount vertical-axis turbines on towers, meaning they are often installed nearer to the base on which they rest, such as the ground or a building rooftop. The wind speed is slower at a lower altitude, so less wind energy is available for a given size turbine. Air flow near the ground and other objects can create turbulent flow, which can introduce issues of vibration, including noise and bearing wear which may increase the maintenance or shorten its service life. However, when a turbine is mounted on a rooftop, the building generally redirects wind over the roof and this can double the wind speed at the turbine. If the height of the rooftop mounted turbine tower is approximately 50% of the building height, this is near the optimum for maximum wind energy and minimum wind turbulence.

Fig:-Vertical Turbine Type Wind Mill

Ducted Wind Turbines:Ducted wind turbines are positioned at the edge of the roof of a building and utilize the airflow along a buildings side. The air flows upwards, hugging the building wall then enters the front of the duct. Turbine blade diameter is usually around 600 mm. The devices are relatively small leaving little visual impact to the building. They are positioned on a building as shown in figure 3 below.

Fig:- Ducted Wind Turbines

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