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Background information: Tides, li it i t i h d l Tid salinity intrusion, hydrology, hydraulics, topography Land suitability and water management zoning Data collection M th Mathematical modelling ti l d lli GIS application
Lowlands in Indonesia
Area of Lowlands No. Location Tidal (ha) 6.604.000 8.126.900 1.148.950 1 148 950 4.216.950 Inland (ha) 2.766.000 3.580.500 644.500 644 500 6.305.770 Total (ha) 9.370.000 11.707.400 1.793.450 1 793 450 10.522.720
Developed Lowland Areas (Cultivated Areas) Tidal (ha) 691.704 694.935 71.835 71 835 Inland (ha) 110.176 194.765 12.875 12 875 23.710 Total (ha)
1. 2. 3. 3 4.
Total
20.096.800 13.296.770
33.393.570
1.458.474
341.526
1.800.000
Potentials
The natural fluctuation of the water levels may allow gravity drainage and in certain areas gravity (tidal) irrigation of lowlands; Top layers are mainly clays, suitable for agriculture development; d l Rainfall amount and distribution are adequate for agriculture; If drainage measures are taken, upland crop cultivation will be possible.
Constraints: Inadequate water management and related hydraulic infrastructure; Inadequate operation and maintenance of the water management systems; ; Need for lowland conservation; Insufficient institutional capability and farmer participation; Need for development priority priority.
Multi disciplines approach Hydraulics; Hydrology; Soil science; Agronomy; Geology and soil mechanics; G l d il h i Ecology; Economy; Environmental science
Tides des
Attraction force amongst celestial bodies: month, g earth, sun and other planets
Fc Path of earth Fa
earth
sun
Tides: earth-moon
Water surface without forces
Fc
Fa
Fa
Character of tides
f-number f= f (K1+O1)/(M2+S2) f < 0.25, semi diurnal 0.25< f < 1.5, mixed mainly semi diurnal 1.5< f < 3.0, mixed mainly diurnal f > 3 0 diurnal 3.0,
S Salinity intrusion y us o
Two types: Mixed; Stratified Depends on: Tidal range; Upstream discharge; Geometry of the system.
Salinity i t i S li it intrusion
High tide
Upstream discharge
Low Lo tide Extreme conditions: Low tide salinity intrusion High tide salinity intrusion Spring tides, d S i tid dry season
Hydro-topography H d h Defined as the field elevation in relation to high river or canal water level at the nearest open water or intake point
The identification of hydro-topographical categories the first step in delineating water management zones
Hydro-topography
average high water level wet season average high water level dry season
<= 0.50 m
category A
category B
category C
category D
Hydro-topography category A t
Can be flooded by the tides at least 4 or 5 times during a 14-day neap-spring tide cycle in both the wet and the dry season. These y p ; areas are situated mostly in depressions or close to river mouths;
category B
Can be flooded by the tides at least 4 or 5 times during a 14-day neap-spring tide cycle in the wet season only;
category C
Cannot be regularly flooded during high tide; the groundwater table may still be influenced by the tides. Dry food crops and tree crops are often better suited to these lands than rice;
category D
Are entirely above tidal influence. Dry food crops and tree crops are best suited to these areas areas.
Hightide Wetseason(WS)
< 50cm
Highttide Dryseason(DS)
Fieldscanbeflooded atleast45times duringneapspring tidecycleinthewet seasonsonly Lowtide Low tide WS Fieldscanbefloodedat least45timesduring neapspringtidecycle bothinthewetanddry seasons
Fieldscannotberegularly floodedduringhightides. Thefieldsareentirely abovetidalinfluence above tidal influence (> 50cmfromground level)
Lowtide DS
Saluran
CategoryA
CategoryB
CategoryC
CategoryD
Hydro-topography with and without land subsidence (0.5 cm/year) & sea level rise of 2 mm/year
Lowland development:
Urban; Rural
Case Study: Tl Telang 1 for rural or agricultural development; f l i lt l d l t Palembang City Urban Drainage System
Grid system
Combined system
Soil issues
Soil ripening; P t soils; Peat il Acid sulphate soils and muck soils.
2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2 H2SO4
water level
water level
Pumping station
Drainage is required
After excessive rainfall; Before fertiliser application; When the quality of the soil and water deteriorates.
DigitalElevationModels SeaLevelRise
DuflowandArcGIS
SWAP
Salinity
LandSubsidence
TidalIrrigation
Drainability
SoilsMap
Salinity
LandQuality
Watermanagement zoning i
ExistingLanduse
ProposedWaterManagement Zoningforwetanddryseason
DKI Jakarta Ja a a
Source:JWRMS S JWRMS
60 50
Rainfall Depth(mm)
Rainfall-duration curve
Tr=2yr Tr=5yr Tr=10yr Tr=25yr Tr=50yr Tr=100yr 0 500 1000 Duration(minutes) 1500
40 30 20 10 0
8km
Source:JWRMS,ILWI2011
New coastline
Original coastline
Double Degree MSc on Integrated Lowland Development, Planning management, the first diploma awarding 2009 Pl i t th fi t di l di
MSc thesis s related to sea level rise and land subsidence thesiss
Next course
Land suitability and water management zoning i Data collection Mathematical modelling GIS application