Harbin Y-12

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Harbin Y-12

Y-12 IV in flight, showing the revised wingtips

Role

Twin-engine turboprop utility aircraft

Manufacturer

Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation

Designer

Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation

First flight

14 July 1982

Status

In production

Primary user

People's Liberation Army Air Force

Produced

1985 - present

Developed from

Harbin Y-11

The Harbin Y-12 (Chinese: -12; pinyin: Yun-12) is a high wing twin-engine turboprop utility aircraftbuilt by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC).
Contents [hide]

1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Operators

o o o

3.1 Military operators 3.2 Governmental operators 3.3 Civil operators

4 Accidents 5 Specifications (Y-12 (II)) 6 See also 7 References

o o

7.1 Notes 7.2 Bibliography

8 External links

[edit]Design

and development

The Y-12 started life as a development of the Harbin Y-11 airframe. The design featured numerous improvements including a redesigned wing with a new low drag section, a larger fuselage and bonded rather than riveted construction. The first prototype i.e. (I) version flew on 14 July 1982, only 3 (I) version planes were built including the fatigue test one. This was designated the Y-12 (II), which featured more powerful engines and removal ofleading edge slats, first flying on 16 August 1984 and receiving Chinese certification in December of the following year.
[1]

The powerplants are two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27

turboprops with Hartzell propellers. The Y-12 has a maximum payload of 5,700 kg (12,600 lb) with seating for 17 passengers and two crew. The aircraft is operated as a light commuter and transport aircraft.
[edit]Variants

Harbin Y-12E

Y-12 (I) : Twin-engined STOL utility transport aircraft, powered by two 500-shp (373-kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-11 turboprop engines. Prototype version.

Y-12 (II) : Fitted with more powerful PT6A-27 engines. Y-12 (III) : Planned version to be fitted with WJ-9 turboprop. Evolved to Y-12C because of IV's success when WJ-9 development was completed.

Y-12 (IV) : Improved version. Revised wingtips (span increased to 19.2 m (63 ft)) and increased take off weight. 19 passenger seats.

Y-12C : Basically a (IV) version with WJ-9 turboprop, now used by PLAAF for aerial survey.

Y-12E : Variant with 18 passenger seats. PT6A-135A engines of equal horsepower but increased torque driving four-bladed propellers.
[2]

Y-12F : Variant currently under development with wider fuselage, retractable landing gear and more powerful engines.
[3]

Turbo Panda : Export name for (II) version, marketed by England and Japanese companies. No real order due to airworthiness certification.

Twin Panda : Originally (II) version for export. Later a modified Y12(IV) powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprop engines and fitted with uprated undercarriage, upgraded avionics and interior. Thity-five orders reportedly received by 2000 but production not proceeded with.

[edit]Operators [edit]Military

operators

Cambodia

 People's Republic of China Eritrea Guyana Iran Kenya Mauritania Mongolia Myanmar Namibia Pakistan Paraguay Peru

Royal Cambodian Air Force (2)

People's Liberation Army Air Force

Eritrean Air Force

Guyana Air Force ( 1 registered 8R-GDS )

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Air Force

Kenya Air Force

Mauritanian Air Force -2

Mongolian Air Force - 20

Myanmar Air Force 2

Namibian Air Force (2)

Pakistan Air Force 2 Pakistan Army 2

Paraguayan Air Force

 Sri Lanka Tanzania Uganda Zambia

[edit]Governmental

Polica Nacional del Per (5) Peruvian Air Force

Sri Lanka Air Force

Tanzanian Air Force

Ugandan Air Force

Zambian Air Force (5)

operators

People's Republic of China Seychelles Tonga

[edit]Civil

China Marine Surveillance

Republic of Seychelles (2)

Kingdom of Tonga

operators

Air Vanuatu Harbin Y-12

Bangladesh

 People's Republic of China

Aero Bengal

China Flying Dragon Aviation China Heilongjiang Longken General Aviation Donghua General Aviation Jiangnan General Aviation Ordos General Aviation Co. Ltd. Shuangyang General Aviation Xinjiang General Aviation YingAn Airlines Zhong Fei General Aviation Company

Democratic Republic of the Congo Indonesia Kiribati Laos Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Flight Care Aviation Nepal Airlines (5, under negotiations) MIAT Mongolian Airlines- retired Berjaya Air Lao Airlines Lao Aviation Air Kiribati Sabang Merauke Raya Air Charter (SMAC) Dirgantara Air Service (DAS) LAC

Uganda Vanuatu Venezuela

[edit]Accidents

Uganda Air Cargo (2)

Air Vanuatu (3)

On 12 July 2012, a Y-12 of the Mauritanian Air Force crashed while transporting gold, killing all 7 occupants.
[4]

[edit]Specifications

(Y-12 (II))
[5]

Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000

General characteristics
Crew: 2 Capacity: 17 passengers Length: 18.86 m (48 ft 9 in) Wingspan: 17.24 m (56 ft 6 in) Height: 5.68 m (18 ft 7 in) Wing area: 34.27 m (368.9 ft) Airfoil: LS(1)-0417 Empty weight: 2,840 kg
[6]

(6,621 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 5,300 kg (11,684 lb) Powerplant: 2 Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27 turboprop, 462 kW (620 hp) each

Performance
Maximum speed: 328 km/h (177 knots, 204 mph) at 3,000m (9,840 ft) (max cruise) Cruise speed: 250 km/h (135 knots, 155 mph) at 3,000m (9,840 ft) (econ cruise) Range: 1,340 km (723 NM, 832 mi) at econ cruise, 45 min reserves Service ceiling: 7,000 m (23,000 ft)


[edit]See

Rate of climb: 8.1 m/s (1,595 ft/min)

also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era Related lists

[edit]References [edit]Notes
1. 2. 3. ^ JWR Taylor 1988, p.38. ^ FAA Y-12 IV and Y-12E Type Certificate retrieved 12 November 2009. ^ Francis, Leithen. "Harbin Y-12 turboprop to be bigger" Flight International 20 September 2007 (online version) retrieved 12 November 2009. 4. 5. 6. ^ http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20120712-0 ^ Taylor 1999, p.189 ^ JWR Taylor 1988, p.39.

Antonov An-28 CASA C-212 Aviocar Dornier 228 DHC-6 Twin Otter IAI Arava GAF Nomad Shorts SC.7 Skyvan

List of Chinese aircraft List of light transport aircraft List of civil aircraft

[edit]Bibliography

Taylor, John W R. (ed.). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.

Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. ISBN 1-85753-245-7.