Question 1. What hardware and software system runs the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ? 2.

In the world of the Internet, what is an RFP? Who uses them, and for how long have they been used? 3. What are the five fastest, or most powerful, computers in the world? Who created them, who operates them, and what purposes are they used for? 4. What legal arrangement protects open-source software? How has this arrangement helped or hindered development? 5. What is the "Whole Earth Catalog", and why was it important in the development of the graphical user interface? Answer 1. New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ runs their software both in Linux but they for NASDAQ use Compaq hardware and NYSE use IBM hardware.

http://news.cnet.com/Amid-outages,-Nasdaq-debuts-new-system/2100-1017_3-269833.html http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/applications/6673/stock-exchange-embraces-linux/ 2. RFP (Request For Proposal) are a document created by an organization detailing a product or service sought and distributed to suppliers as a way of receiving structured competitive bids. It is a very common term used by Government or Public agencies when they are requesting services from local businesses.

http://blog.confluentforms.com/2009/07/often-maligned-rfps-are-valuable-tool.html
3. The first fastest and most powerful computer in the world is Sequoia made by Unites States housed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and used by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration to simulate nuclear weapons tests. Second is The "K Computer," built by Fujitsu and the Riken national laboratory, runs at 8.162 petaflops, or about 70,000 times faster than an X-Box. It is intended to have a variety of applications, including climate research, disaster prevention and medical research. Third is Mira Computer made by IBM from USA. It will provide billions of processor-hours per year to the scientists, engineers and researchers who will use it to run complex simulations of scientific phenomena.

Fourth is SuperMUC. Made by German. The new supercomputer will be run by the Germany's Bavarian Academy of Science's Leibniz Supercomputing Centre and will be available for European researchers to use to probe the frontiers of medicine, astrophysics and quantum chromodynamics and other scientific disciplines such as computational fluid dynamics, computational chemistry, life sciences, genome analysis and earth quake simulations Tianhe-I, Tianhe-1, or TH-1 () (Mandarin pronunciation:pinyin: Tinh yho), in English, "Milky Way (literally, Sky River) Number One",[1] is a supercomputer capable of an Rmax (maximum range) of 2.566 petaFLOPS. Located at the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China, is the fifth fastest supercomputer in the world. Tianhe-1 was developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in Changsha, Hunan. The supercomputer is installed at the National Supercomputing Center, Tianjin, and is used to carry out computations for petroleum exploration and aircraft design. It is an "open access" computer, meaning it provides services for other countries. The supercomputer will be available to international clients. http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/06/18/us-takes-back-supercomputing-crown-with-worldfastest-computer/ 4. The legal arrangement that protects open-source software is copyleft. Because copyleft is a general method for making a program (or other work) free (libre), and requiring all modified and extended versions of the program to be free as well. Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute improvements to free software get permission to do so. These programmers often work for companies or universities that would do almost anything to get more money. A programmer may want to contribute her changes to the community, but her employer may want to turn the changes into a proprietary software product. When we explain to the employer that it is illegal to distribute the improved version except as free software, the employer usually decides to release it as free software rather than throw it away. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/

5. The Whole Earth Catalog was an American counterculture catalog published by Stewart Brand between 1968 and 1972, and occasionally thereafter, until 1998. The Whole Earth Catalog is important in the development of the graphical user interface because in the world whole catalog because there was the first place that mouse is published. http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1984.htm