Name ____________________________________________________

Date _________

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Geogebra and Stretching Functions

How to get to the Geogebra applet 1. Go to a web browser. 2. Type in www.geogebra.org or search for Geogebra in a search engine. 3. Click the Download button. 4. Click the Applet Start button. Purpose Today we are going to be examining function stretches and we will learn what happens when you change a function by multiplying or dividing values in strategic locations. To formulate a hypothesis, we are going to be using variations of the function f(x) = x2. Stretching Functions Part 1 1. We are next going to use sliders to manipulate functions. The slider button is second from the right at the top. Click on it and then click in open space somewhere in the graph area. Change the name of the slider to c AND change the min: to 0! Then click apply when a box appears. 2. You should now have a line with a point and an c = 1 over it. Try moving the point to see what happens. Repeat step 1, but this time using the letter d, so that you should have two lines, the second one have d = 1 over it. Make sure you change the min: to 0 for this slider, too. 3. Now in the Input box at the bottom, type the following: f(x) = d*(c*x)^2. 4. Now try moving the sliders. Notice again what happens to the function in the window to the left. Stretching Functions Part 1 Questions 1. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your c value.

2. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your c value.

3. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your d value.

4. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your d value.

Name ____________________________________________________

Date _________

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Stretching Functions Part 2 1. We are now going to create a more complicated function with sliders similar to the quadratic function in Part 1. You may want to hide the quadratic function by clicking on the button to the left of the equation. 2. In the Input box at the bottom, type in g(x) = d*sqrt(1-(c*x)^2). (Check very carefully that you type it all in correctly or else you will not see much happening!) Stretching Functions Part 2 Questions 1. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your c value.

2. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your c value.

3. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your d value.

4. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your d value.

5. Based on your answers to #1-4 from part 2, do you have a better idea of what is happening for #1-4 from part 1? How would you answer it differently knowing what you know now?

Stretching Functions Part 3 1. We are now going to create a sine function similar to the last two. You may want to hide the previous function by clicking on the button to the left of the equation. 2. In the Input box at the bottom, type in h(x) = d*sin(c*x). Stretching Functions Part 3 Questions 1. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your c value.

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2. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your c value.

3. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you increase your d value.

4. Explain what happens to the graph of the function when you decrease your d value.

5. Describe the position of c and d in the functions from Part 1, 2, and 3.

Stretching Functions Part 4 In this part of the activity, you are going to create your own stretching function that acts just as above, but you are going to apply it to one of the functions below. For each of the functions below, write down where you would insert the slider values c and d. Then test this by graphing it in Geogebra. Make sure that the behavior of the graph, when you move the sliders, behaves exactly as your answers of #1-4 for Part 1 say that your first graph did. Generic Function Function with c and d inserted

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |

**This one is tricky!**

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Stretching Functions Part 5 Now that we know how to stretch (and shrink) functions, it is time to look at how much the factors stretch or shrink the function. For this task, we are going to use our good friend, f(x) = x^2. 1. Type in f(x) = d*(c*x)^2. 2. Create a point on the coordinate (0,1). It might help to zoom in so that you can see a hash mark at y = 1. 3. Next, create a perpendicular line using the fourth button from the left. Once you have the button selected, click on your point A, and then click on the y-axis. You should now have a line going across the screen, defined on the left as y = 1. Note: you can also create this by simply typing in y = 1 in the input line. 4. Now create a point where your parabola and your horizontal line intersect. To do this, click on the little arrow on the New Point button (second from the left at the top). Go down to Intersect Two Objects. Now simply click on your parabola and your horizontal line and you have a new point, B, defined as the intersection of these two curves! 5. We need to know the distance from A to B. Click on the little arrow at the bottom of the Angle button (fifth button from the right), and go down to Distance or Length. Now click on point A and then point B, and it should display the distance between the two points. 6. On the table below, record the distance from A to B when the c is at a certain point (make sure that d stays at 1!). Then, find the given distance from A to B by searching for the appropriate c value on the slider. Value of c Distance from A to B

1 2 0.5 0.2 5 0.25

Stretching Functions Part 6 To look at vertical stretching, we are going to need a different function. For this, we are going to use the sine function. Although we are going to leave c the same, you can try moving it and seeing if you can figure out how it stretches the function horizontally. 1. Type f(x) = d*sin(c*x) into the input bar. 2. Create a point on the top of the first hill to the right of the y-axis. If your c and d are both equal to 1, then the point should be about (1.57, 1).

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3. Slide the d back and forth. Notice that the point stays in the same place horizontally, but moves with the wave up and down. Also notice the y-value of the point is displaced on the panel to the left, so you can see exactly how tall the wave is from the x-axis. 4. On the table below, record the height of each of the waves when the d is at a certain point (make sure that c stays at 1!). Then, find the given height of the wave by searching for the appropriate d value on the slider. Value of d Height of the Wave

1 5 0.1 2 0.5 0.2

Stretching Functions Part 7 For each of the following, write a general rule on how to stretch a function by the specific amount in the specific direction. You may want to give an example, such as one of the functions from part 4. 1. How to stretch a function by a factor of 2 horizontally.

2. How to stretch a function by a factor of 10 vertically.

3. How to stretch a function by a factor of horizontally.

4. How to stretch a function by a factor of 1/5 vertically.