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  • Hydro Power Plant Akshay Khapane

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    Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009.[1] The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity. The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.[1] Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife.[1] Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuel powered energy plants.[2]

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    Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009.[1] The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity. The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.[1] Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife.[1] Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuel powered energy plants.[2]

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    43 views27 pages

    Hydro Power Plant Akshay Khapane

    Uploaded by

    AkshayKhapane
    Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009.[1] The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity. The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.[1] Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife.[1] Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuel powered energy plants.[2]

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    of 27

    Presented by

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    INDEX
    Introduction History Types Principle Simple view Block diagram Different dam Advantage & disadvantage References akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    INTRODUCTION
    HYDRO POWER
    1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating
    electricity on large scale basis is hydropower

    2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower

    3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in


    large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for unlimited time to come

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    HISTORY
    - In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
    - Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power

    - The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights


    - Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricity

    - The largest and last masonry dam built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation was the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona between 1905-1911; its power output has increased from 4,500 kW to 36,000 kW

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT


    1) Water wheels 2) Hydro power plants 3) Wave energy from oceans 4) Tidal energy 5) Damless hydro power Based on Quantity of Water Available 1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond 2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond 3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    Based on the Head of Water Available

    1) Low head hydroelectric power plants 2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants 3) High head hydroelectric power plants

    Based on the Nature of Load


    1) Base load hydroelectric power plants
    2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT


    WATER CYCLE
    The continuous cycle in which water changes from water vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensation and precipitation and then back to water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, and respiration

    VAPORATION PRECIPITION RAIN


    Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy

    PROCESS / STAGES
    1) Water in reservoir 2) Fall in turbine blade 3) Shaft rotation 4) Electric generation 5) Flow back of water

    Water cycle in the hydraulic power plant

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    PENSTOCK DAM TURBINE

    POWER HOUSE

    RESEVOIR

    GENERATOR

    INTAKE
    POWER LINE

    TRANSFORMER
    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    Storage dams
    To impound water used for Irrigation Flood control Power generation

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

    1) Dam What is dam Location Classification of dams Storage dams Diversion dams Detention dams Overflow dams Rockfill dams Gravity dams Dam structure and design

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    Gravity dam

    The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine. The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the generator, making electricity.

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    Height of water Place behind the dam

    2) Water reservoir
    Gates inside of the dam. Inlet gates

    Potential energy

    3) Intake or control gates

    4) The penstock
    To carries the water

    Controlled by the control gates

    5) Water turbines
    Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy

    6) Generators
    Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL energy akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.

    7) Transformer
    Converts the alternating current to high voltage current. Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.

    Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltage produced is also double.

    8) Tailrace
    Pipeline to drain the water The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generate electricity

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing a negative impact on the local environment.

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    conveying water from the intake to the power

    house. Of concrete in low heads Of steel iis suitable for all heads

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    cleaning machine, which removes debris from water In order to save water ways and electromechanical equipment from any damage. Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space about 1 apart A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be inspected and repaired.

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    CASE STUDY OF HIRAKUND DAM

    Built

    across the Mahanadi river about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India. Length is about (26 km)

    Built in 1956

    It was the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's independence.

    SALIENT FEATURES HYDROLOGICAL :(A)


    HISTORY (a) Catchment (b) Rain fall(mm) 83400 Sq. Kms (32200 sq miles) Original Revised

    Top dam level Dead storage level

    R.L 195.680M. (R.L.642 ft.) R.L 197.830 M (R.L 590 Ft)

    N: Installed Capicity = 307.50 MW

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT


    Advantages
    1) No fuel required 2) Cost of electricity is constant

    3) No air-pollution is created
    4) Long life 5) Cost of generation of electricity 6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads 7) Irrigation of farms

    8) Water sports and gardens


    9) Prevents floods

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    DISADVANTAGES
    1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems 2) Disruption in the surrounding areas 3) Requires large areas 4) Large scale human displacement 5) Very high capital cost or investment 6) High quality construction 7) Site specific 8) Effects on environment 9) Safety of the dams

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

    akshaykhapane@gmail.com

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