Name: Fan Zhang

EAS6140-HW1

September 4, 2012

1.2 A molecule of N2 travels with a speed of 515 m s1 .

a) Its temperature:
Since
1 k = 2 mu2 k = 1 kT 2 M

N where m = N02 is the mass of the single molecule, MN2 is the molar mass of N2 , N0 = 6.023 1023 is the Avogadros constant is the u is velocity and k = 1.38 1023 is the Boltzmann constant. Then we have

T = =

mu2 k

28 5152 K 1.38 1023 6.023 1023 = 8.93 105 K

b) Its kinetic energy:

1 = mu2 2 1 MN2 2 = u 2 N0 1 28 = 5152 J 2 6.023 1023 = 1.23 1017 J

c) 1000 molecules in 1 cm3 , the pressure will be:

N mu2 3V 28 1000 6.02310235152 Pa = 3 1 106 = 4.11 109 P a

p=

note: N = 1000 and V = 1 cm3 = 1 106 m3 .

Name: Fan Zhang

EAS6140-HW1

September 4, 2012

1.4
a) weight of negative ions greatly exceeds that of positive ions. Why does seawater does not carry a net negative charge?
Usually, negative ions have heavier molar masses than positive ions, but do not on charge. For instance, Cl has a molar mass of 36.5 kg/mole and one negative charge; N a+ has a molar mass of 23 kg/mole and one positive charge. Thus, though negative ions exceeds positive ions in weight, the total charge from negative and positive ions are in balance. So the seawater does not carry a net nagative charge.

b) ratio of potassium concentration to total salinity:

n(K + ) = 0.380 = 0.011 34.482

If salinity rose to 36 psu, c(K + ) = 0.380 = 0.397 If salinity fell to 33 psu, c(K + ) = 0.380 = 0.364 33 34.482 36 34.482

c) Processes that might change the salinity of the ocean surface:

Preticipation, evaporation and river runo.

1.7 Thickness of a layer of atmosphere between 800 and 900 mb.

Gernerally, we have the hydrostatic equilibrium and the ideal gas law:
1 dp g = dz p = R T

substitute with p, dp g = dz p R T integrate the above equation from p1 = 900 mb to p2 = 800 mb, 2

Name: Fan Zhang

EAS6140-HW1

September 4, 2012

p2 p1

dp g = p R T

z2 dz
z1

nally, R T p1 z = z2 z1 = ln g p2

a) without the virtual temperature:

T = 300 K, R = 8.314 J K 1 mol1 , g = 9.8 g m2 z = 8.314 300 900 ln( ) m = 29.98 m 9.8 800

b) with the virtual temperature:

q = 20 = 0.02, T = (1 + 0.608q )T = 303.648 K 1000 8.314 303.648 900 ln( ) m = 30.34 m 9.8 800

z =

1.9 At a constant 300 K, the level when the partial pressure of oxygen falls to half of its sea-level value is?
The process is isothermal, that is T = 300 K. From the hydrostatic equilibrium and the ideal gas law:
1 dp g = dz p = R T 1 substitute with p, and integrate it from p0 to 2 p0 . We get:

z = z2 z1 R T p0 = ln 1 g p 2 0 8.314 300 ln2 m = 9.8 = 176.4 m