Steps to innovations in environmental science and education.

Papers and comments that were recently put on the web-sites in Internet to make them available to scientists, students, and teachers: environmental science, aquatic science, ecology, bioscience, environmental safety.

4th Discovery,Innovation(NewDraft)New System Criteria of Ecological and Environmental Hazards. http://www.scribd.com/doc/105063532/

http://www.scribd.com/doc/105063532/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/105063532/4th-Discovery-Innovation-NewDraft-New-System-Criteria-of-Ecological-andEnvironmental-Hazards new draft; New: a solution to the problem of criteria for environmental hazards of chemicals, and negative anthropogenic effects on organisms and biota. Previous draft: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60891549/; [Series: Fundamental Legendary Discoveries. Item 4]; additional key words: criteria, principles, new, chemicals, methodology, bivalves, detergents, surfactants, ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry, water, sustainability; aquatic, ecosystems, freshwater, marine, resources, environmental safety, biodiversity, protection, conservation, services, hydrosphere, pollution, control, prevention, habitats, decontamination, Innovation / Discovery Why it is useful Which questions were answered; and Who cited papers presenting various aspects of this innovation Where this innovation / discovery was published A new system of criteria for ecological and environmental hazards, for identification of negative anthropogenic effects on organisms and biota; New solution to the eternal problem of criteria of ecohazards of chemicals: It is the first time that fundamental flaws, omissions and mistakes in the current method of assessing chemicals are identified and exposed. Unfortunately, the current method allows some really hazardous chemicals to pass as apparently safe. It is the first concrete suggestion to rectify the problem. The paper formulates a more objective, more adequate system of criteria to detect and identify environment hazards from chemical pollutants and other types of anthropogenic impact. To improve environmental safety, to ensure sustainability, to prevent global changes. ; Which questions were answered : Are there any serious flaws, gaps, or imperfections in the current principles of assessing the potential hazards of chemicals that enter or may enter environment, especially aquatic environment? Is it possible to formulate a better system of criteria to find, identify, and evaluate the hazards of chemicals to the environment, living beings, and biosphere? What are the most objective criteria that may expose, and elucidate the hazards of chemicals? ** Who cited papers presenting various aspects of this innovation: Cited in: R. Grande; S. Di Pietro; E. Di Campli; S. Di Bartolomeo; B. Filareto; L. Cellini. Bio-toxicological assays to test water and sediment quality. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, Volume 42, Issue 1, 2007, p. 33 38. Affiliation of the authors: Rossella Grande a; Stefania Di Pietro ab; Emanuela Di Campli a; Soraya Di Bartolomeo a; Barbara Filareto b; Luigina Cellini a; a Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; b Agency for the Protection of Environment, Pescara, Italy; DOI: 10.1080/10934520601015446; http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a768424372&db=all; This study assessed the bio-toxicological assays efficacy in the control of effluent waters deriving from purification plants, such as industrial or wastewater discharge and marine sediment collected from the Adriatic sea on the Italian Coast Ostroumov S.A. Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota: searching for a system. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2000; 371:2 04-206. http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49088234; Ostroumov S.A. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards. - Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2003. 96: 159-170. https://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-1/rivista2003criteria; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12852181; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721/; List of EXAMPLES OF KEY DISCOVERIES in ecology, environmental sciences, biolog Public : Research : 64 : 09 / 06 / 2012

5 p.

Legendary.discoveries. 3 (NewDraft).Inhibitory analysis: New method to explore regulatory mechanisms, top-down control in ecosystems: issues of eutrophication, algal bloom, self-purification: http://www.scribd.com/doc/104974742/3-Legendary-discoveries-NewDraft-Top-Down-Control-Inhibitory-analysis

http://www.scribd.com/doc/104974742/3-Legendary-discoveries-NewDraft-Top-Down-Control-Inhibitory-analysis http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/innovation-3-inhibitory-analysis-new.html Innovation 3. Inhibitory analysis: New method to explore regulatory mechanisms, top-down control in ecosystems: issues of eutrophication, algal bloom, self-purification [Series: Fundamental Legendary Discoveries. Item 3]; additional key words: new, methodology, eutrophication, bivalves, detergents, surfactants, ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry, water, sustainability; aquatic, ecosystems, freshwater, marine, resources, environmental safety, biodiversity, protection, conservation, services, hydrosphere, pollution, control, prevention, habitats, decontamination, ** Innovation / Discovery Why it is useful Who cited the papers presenting various aspects of this innovation Where this innovation / discovery was published A fundamentally new approach and methodology to study top-down control in ecosystems: the first introduction of what the author calls inhibitory analysis; the paper presented a new insight in understanding that a decrease in activity of filter-feeders are part of the reasons and mechanisms of eutrophication and algal blooms. The paper shows how to identify and measure this new factor which stimulates those negative phenomena; - It helps to find new methods to control the eco-evil of eutrophication; to control and prevent algal blooms; To see new hazards from a low-level chemical pollution; A new approach to appreciate the value of biodiversity; A new method for discovering a key ecosystem service: improving water quality; New data on the importance of freshwater and marine bivalve mollusks to the stability of the biosphere and water quality; ; Water quality of effluent-dominated ecosystems: ecotoxicological, hydrological, and management considerations. Bryan W. Brooks, Timothy M. Riley & Ritchie D. Taylor (U.S.A.); Hydrobiologia (2006) 556: 365379; http://www.scribd.com/doc/50340173/ ** Ana Mara Gagneten (Argentina); Effects of Contamination by Heavy Metals and Eutrophication on Zooplankton, and Their Possible Effects on the Trophic Webs of Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystems. in: Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control; 2011, 211-223, DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9625-8_10; ** Chatzinikolaou, Y.; Lazaridou, M. (Greece). Identification of the self-purification stretches of the Pinios River, Central Greece Medit. Mar. Sci. 2007, 8(2): 19-32; ** Impact of dam construction on water quality and water self-purification capacity of the Lancang River, China. G.L. Wei, Z.F. Yang, B.S. Cui, B. Li, H. Chen, J. Bai; S. Dong (China); Water Resources Management, 2009, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1763-1780; http://www.scribd.com/doc/50341643/China-Abstr; And other publications; Inhibitory analysis of topdown control: new keys to studying eutrophication, algal blooms, and water self-purification. Hydrobiologia. 2002, vol. 469, p. 117-129; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52598579/; OTHER EXAMPLES OF KEY DISCOVERIES in ecology, environmental sciences, biology: [Series: Fundamental Legendary Discoveries. Item 1]; Innovative conceptualization of how ecosystems improve water quality (water self-purification) http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/innovation-1-theory-of-water-self.html additional key words: ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry, water, sustainability; aquatic, ecosystems, freshwater, marine, resources, environmental safety, biodiversity, protection, conservation, services, hydrosphere, pollution, control, prevention, habitats, decontamination, ** [Series: Fundamental Legendary Discoveries. Item 2]; New facts on hazardous biological and toxic effects of surfactants and detergents http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/innovation-2-new-facts-onhazardous.html additional key Public : Research : 90 : 09 / 05 / 2012

8 p.

legendary.discoveries.2(NewDraft)Hazards.from.Detergents.and.Surfactants.book http://www.scribd.com/doc/104967169/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/104967169/2-NoTable-legendary-discoveries-NewDraft-Hazards-from-Detergents-andSurfactants-book ; http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/innovation-2-new-facts-on-hazardous.html ; http://www.scribd.com/doc/104967169/2-NoTable-legendary-discoveries-NewDraft-Hazards-from-Detergents-andSurfactants-book http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/innovation-2-new-facts-on-hazardous.html New facts on hazardous biological and toxic effects of surfactants and detergents, paradigm shifted on bioassay to assess environmental hazards of chemicals / pollutants /xenobiotics / waste waters: new conceptualization [Series: Fundamental Legendary Discoveries. Item 2]; additional key words: detergents, surfactants, pollutants, ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry, water, sustainability; aquatic, ecosystems, freshwater, marine, resources, ecosafety, environmental safety, biodiversity, protection, conservation, services, hydrosphere, pollution, control, prevention, habitats, decontamination, book, biotesting, bioassay, phytotest, phytotoxicity, THE QUESTIONS THAT WERE ANSWERED in the BOOK entitled Biological Effects of Surfactants: 1. Do detergents and synthetic surfactants pose any serious hazard to environment? the Answer given by the book: Yes, they do;

2. Do all types of detergents and washing mixtures pose that hazard including, e.g. laundry detergents and shampoos? The Answer given by the book: Yes, they do; 3. How broad is the spectrum of negative biological effects produced by surfactants and detergents? The Answer given by the book: it is really broad and covers all the organisms that were used in authors bioassays, without any exception: from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, from unicellular to multicellular organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. 4. Do sublethal concentrations of surfactants and detergents pose a serious hazard to the biosphere? The Answer given by the book: Yes, they do. A good example is the authors discovery of sublethal effects of surfactants on bivalve mollusks, which lead to a decrease in filtration rate, which in turn leads to a decrease in water selfpurification, which pose a serious hazard of a decrease in water quality. 5. Is it possible to offer any new efficient methods or new modifications of the current methods for bioassay of chemicals? The Answer given by the book: Yes, it is not only possible but implemented. The book contains new methods/modifications of methods which increase the efficiency of bioassay with seedlings of plants and activity of filter-feeders (Chapter 2 in the book). 6. In which countries was the book cited and proved to be useful? Answer: Belgium, Denmark, Austria, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Peru, Slovakia, and others. See the text below. 7. In which countries did some libraries acquire this book? Answer: USA (Harvard University, MIT, Library of Congress, and others), Canada, UK (Oxford, Cambridge University, and others.), Netherlands, France, Germany, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and others: to be corrected[http://www.scribd.com/doc/77617474] ** Examples of web-sites with information on the libraries that acquired the book: ** Libraries, universities worldwide acquired the books of Dr. S.A. Ostroumov (topics: environment, ecology, conservation) http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/07/libraries-universities-worldwide.html ** U.S.A.: All top universities, libraries acquired the books of Dr. S.A.Ostroumov on environment, ecology, conservation: http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/07/libraries-of-usa-acquired-books-of-dr.html ** , Hong Kong libraries bought the book Biological Effects of Surfactants authored by a Moscow University environmental scientist, a Fulbright Awardee Dr. S.A. Ostroumov: http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/06/hong-kong-librariesbought-book.html http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9105422401820036294#editor/target=post;postID=5410020249758044567; ** , , Taiwa Public : Research : 31 : 09 / 05 / 2012

11 p.

1.Legendary.discoveries.(New Draft).Innovative Concepts of How Ecosystems Improve Water Quality. Theory of water self-purification. http://www.scribd.com/doc/104854412/1-Legendary-discoveries-New-Draft-InnovativeConceptualization-of-How-Ecosystems-Improve-Water-Quality
http://www.scribd.com/doc/104854412/1-Legendary-discoveries-New-Draft-Innovative-Conceptualization-of-HowEcosystems-Improve-Water-Quality Innovation 1. Theory of water self-purification. Public : None : 27 : 09 / 04 / 2012

15 p.

Biological Filters Are an Important Part of the Biosphere. Science in Russia, Journal of Presidium of Academy of Sciences. http://www.scribd.com/doc/104805990/Biological-Filters-Are-an-Important-Part-of-the-Biosphere-Sciencein-Russia-2009-2-30-36-Eng-Full-Text-OfEnglish-Editi
http://www.scribd.com/doc/104805990/Biological-Filters-Are-an-Important-Part-of-the-Biosphere-Science-in-Russia-2009-230-36-Eng-Full-Text-OfEnglish-Editi http://www.scribd.com/doc/104805990 ; http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ostroumov-sa-biological-filters-are-an-important-part-of-the-biosphere--science-inrussia-2009--2-p-30-36

; Ostroumov S.A. Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No. 2, p. 30-36 published in: Science in Russia, 2009 Reference: Ostroumov S.A. Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No. 2. P. 30-36. [The journal Science in Russia is published by The Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers, Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium; Editor-in-Chief: Academician Rem Petrov; among the members of the Editorial Board: current President of the Russian Academy of Sciences; ex-President of the Academy; ex-President of Moscow State University; Vice-Presidents of the Academy.] BIOLOGICAL FILTERS ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE BIOSPHERE S.A.Ostroumov Abstract: Studies of ecology of living organisms lead to a more profound understanding of the intricate processes of the Earths biosphere functioning. The mankind is still far from establishing harmonious relations with it. However, permanently progressing destruction of natural complexes by the technogenic civilization necessitates some new revolutionary approaches to their preservation. That is why it is so important to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms. One of the most important roles in this orchestra is played by numerous invertebrates which filter the water and improve water quality. To what degree chemical pollutants modify their capacity to do this vital ecosystems service? KEY WORDS: filter-feeders, suspension feeders, bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria, synthetic, surfactants, substances, that, inhibit, the, filtration activity, mussels, Mytilus edulis, Peter Donkin, grant, proposal, European Environmental Research Organization, algae, Isochrysis galbana, mussels Mytilus edulis , anionic, surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cationic surfactant TDTMA, turbidostat; culture, rotifers, Brachionus calyciflorus , feeding algae, Nannochloropsis limnetica, ecotoxicological, hydrobiological, management considerations, water quality, biosphere, global change, V.I.Vernadsky, pelagic, benthic systems, ecosystem's, biomachinery, water quality, selfpurification potential, in, aquatic, systems, suspended matter, faeces, pseudofaeces, nutrient cycling, water column, benthic habitats, Suspension-feeders, natural, aquatic, remediation, systems, negative, anthropogenic, impacts, new, effects, pollutants, filtration, rates, Solyaris, Tarkovsky, Stanislav Lem, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol, Santa Fe, ASLO, SIL, Berlin, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Coulter counter, zebra mussels, Dreissena, heavy metals, carbon, biogeochemistry, phytoremediation, combating pollution, synecology, theoretical ecology, theoretical biology, sustainable, development, stability, regulation, limnology, biological oceanography, environmental safety, mariculture, oysters, how much water do the mollusks filter?, ecological chemoregulators, ecological chemomediators, toxins, pheromones, antifeedants, decreasing, trophic, activity, of, animals, phytoecdisones, carbon transfer, atmospheric CO2 , dissolved CO2 , photosynthesis, ecotechnologies, reducing hazards of chemical pollution, University of Georgia, the US Agency for Environment Protection, phytotechnology, polluted water, aquatic macrophytes, higher plants ** Public : Research : 32 : 09 / 03 / 2012