Flood Forecasting & Warning Management System

& Implementing Advanced Flood Forecasting & Early Warning System for Mahanadi & Brahmani River System of Odisha State) Department of Water Resources, Govt. Of Odisha.
( Developing

Broad Objective:
We want to develop and implement a new generation of software, by integrating different kinds of technology, for advance flood forecasting and early warning system, for Mahanadi & Brahmani river systems of Odisha. The different technology, which will be integrated together includes Cartography Stastitical Analysis River Modelling for Flood Forecasting & Real Time Flood Management Data Base Technology Fixations of some small hardware instruments for data communication on river gauge, discharge, rainfall etc. ( Transmission of data from ground observation station to the forecasting center. From forecasting center to the response center like SRC / Collector / B.D.O / Tahasildar / Water Resources Deptt. Fileds officers & Media )

Over Come the First bottelneck

The first bottelneck is coordination or lackofcoordination It is evidenet from the above that, these technology are exclusive domain of different professional groups & different agencies & organisation of Central & State Govt. But the works & actions of all these professional groups will be put to together to produce a unified results, that is flood forecasting & warning system. In order to establish co-ordination among different professional groups,it is suggested that, a special cell may please be created at ORSAC, headed by a Program Co-ordinator who will execlusively coordinate the activites of all these professional groups, for developing and implementing the program .Since ORSAC is selected as the nodal agency by the Govt. , in the meeting held on _______ which was chaired by RDC. The logic behind this suggestion is that generating in case of complex project ( Just think about the project Agnee -V , which is a complex project ) a separate project director fuctions with in DRDO to look after and co-ordinationate the works & activities. Similarly since developing advance flood forecasting, flood warning system, flood damage reporting system, Relief Operation systems is a complex project, therfore a special cell with a co-ordination is absolutely required for taking this project & program.

Some basics:
What is Flood Forecasting ? By using real time rainfall data, to predict, what will be the stream flow, or runoff in a river system, is known as flood foreastiong.

Proposal on process to follow Therefore it is suggested that, We shall divide the entair Mahanadi Basin into sub basin & sub sub basin in a GIS based spread sheet with vally & ridge lines. We shall mark the location of rainfall stations on that GIS spreed sheet. These rainfall stations are being maintained by different agencies like I.M.D. / C.W.C / Director Hydrometry & Other Divisions of Water Resources Department / Revenue Department by B.D.Os / Any other agencies. Normally it is seen that, although these rainfall data's are recorded for the same locations by different agencies, but there is a wide variation of data. In that case the project co-ordinator will

ask for reconcilation of the inconsistent data for data validation and arrive at an effective data. By using HECRAC / MIKE 11 / MIKE 21 software, we shall predict, what will be stream flow.But we shall compare it with observe & stream flow at strategic locations till both the results ( Predicted & measured) tallye. We shall follow this process fore development of this software. Cartography: Cartography is the science of making maps & practice of maps, with aesthetic beauty & technique. Cartography is the base upon which the reality (i.e. The flood forecasting and the warning system of Mahanadi & the Brahmani river system ) will be modelled, in such a way, so that, it can communicate apatial information in a very effective way. ORSAC is the pioneer among us in cartography, the art of making GIS maps. Hence ORSAC must take the responsibility of producing GIS maps of Mahanadi & Brahmani basin. As development of GIS maps is a time consuming process, further it is suggested that, instead of developing GIS maps for two basins simulteneously ( i.e. Mahanadi & Brahmani basin). Since both the basins are selected as the piolot basin, we must develop one basin's GIS maps first. After it's completion or sub startial progress, we can take up the second basin. By this method, the mistakes to which, we are likely tocommitte in the first basin, can be eliminated in the second basin, so that the mistake will not be repeatative. Fundamentatal Problem with GIS maps : The fundamental problem with the GIS maps is that to set maps agenda. Butr who will set maps agenda ? The river modeller will set maps agenda. It means, what ever data & features, which will be required by the river modeller, to develop flood forecasting system, warning system & relief operastion system, damage reporting system must be incorporated in the GIS maps, in different layers, prefarably will map editing features. Map editing means to select traits & objects to be maped. The Traits & Objects can be physical / Numerical such as Mahanadi basin map with basin boundary Showing Mahanadi river system with its important tributaries & branches. Land masses of Mahanadi basin with contouvs preferablly with 0.3 M internal at flood prone area & 0.5 M internal at upland. Adminstrative boundry with state boundry, District boundry, Sub Division boundry, Block boundry, Tahasi boundry, G.P. Boundry, preferablly village boundry at flood prone area. Political boundry- Constitutency wise boundry Road Network with NH, SH, MDR, ODR, Others with concrete/bitumen road, morum road, kacha road. Embankment at both sides of rivers with T.B.L.Level & cross section. Rain gauge station. Discharge measurment station etc. Latitude & longitude of village situated in the flood prone area for air droping of the flood packets during the relief operation. On the whole we want ORSAC to develop high resolution maps with highest degree of accuracy, customized GIS application on its marketed GIS platform with visual language which will be suitable for non expert end users.

River Modelling: The historical data about the riverflow is the most important data set required to be collected for flood forecasting , for each and every strategic location. These stretegic locations may be Hirakud, Khairamal, Barmula, Bauda, Naraja. Historical data of discharge & corresponding waterlevel at strategic locations collected by C.W.C, Director of Hydrometers any other. Cross sectional survey data of the river along with the cross section of the river embarkment need to be collected duely taking into account the geometry of the river. The interval between the cross section needs to be decided by the moddller. Model Set up: There are two popular software is available fo rthe purpose of flood forecasting. 1. HECRAS ( American Army Crop of Engineer) 2. MIKE 11 ( DHI) One dimensional / Three Dimensional hydrodynamic model for computation of river flow. About the software HECRAS / MIKE 11

It is a professional engineering S/W. Packages for simulation of run-off, water quality and sediment transport in estuaries, river system, irrigation systems and other water bodies. It is a user friendly, fully dynamic, one dimensional modelling tool, uased for the details analysis, design the flood management, reservoir operation of both simple & complex river systems with its exceptional flexibility, speed & user friendly environment for engineering, water resources & water quality management and water planning applicatiom. The Hydrodynamic ( HD ) module is the nucleus of this S/W modelling system and forms the basis for most modules including flood forecasting. It solves veraity of integrated equations for conservation & continuity of momentum is it solves Saint-Venant equatione.

Application releated to this S/W module includes : Flood Forecasting & Reservoir Operation Simulation of flood control measures Operation of irrigation & surface water drainage channel Design of channel system Tidal & Storm surge studies in rivers & estuaries. The primary features of this modelling software system is the integrated modular struture with a variety of add on modules, each simulating the phenomenon releted to the river system. These add-on modules includes Hydrology Model for various aspect of water quality Cohesive sediment transport Non cohesive sediment transport By using this model, will enable us to answer the following questions. OR The exceedance levels in case of flooding and at which location will flooding occur? There will be breach of enbankment ? The implecation of introducing flood control measures ?

Proposed Model Set up:

The proposed model set up can be from Hirakud dam upto Naraja, the 1st part of the Mahanadi river. The 2nd part of model set up can be the branches of the Mahanadi river like Kathajuri, Luna, Birupa etc. The whole objective is to introduce real time flood management system in our state. The rule curve method of reservoir operation, which has raised controvercy during recent past flood management will remain as stand by