AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BOND CHARACTERISTICS OF GFRP BARS IN RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

Sheik Abdul Nayeem, A.Srikar, M.Sainath, T.Chaitanya Srikrishna, Md.Khaleel ur Rahman Khan Post Graduation-I Year, Engineering Structures, Civil Engg. Dept., NIT Warangal 506004 (A.P) Email: sheikabdulnayeem@gmail.com Contact no.: +91-8121991463, +91-9440842279

Abstract:
Recycling of waste concrete is beneficial and necessary from the viewpoint of environmental preservation and effective utilization of resources. For the effective utilization of waste concrete, it is necessary to use waste concrete as recycled aggregates for new concrete. To make this technology feasible, a significant amount of experimental works has been carried out. This paper concerns the use of recycled aggregates by replacing the natural aggregates with recycled aggregates in concrete mix and to study the material properties (fineness modulus, specific gravity, impact value, crushing value, abrasion value and compressive strength of cement) and effect on concrete property (compressive strength of concrete) and at the same time the bond behaviour with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. Another problem in Reinforced concrete with steel bars is their deterioration in the form of corrosion which decreases the life span of structure. This problem can be overcome by replacing steel bars with GFRP bars. The study on this area will have an advantage and marks a way to start the use of Recycled aggregate in our country which will reduce the use of natural resources.

Keywords: Recycled aggregate, Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer, bond behaviour, compressive strength.

Introduction:
In this project, study of bond characteristics between Recycled Aggregate and GFRP bars (Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer) is to be carried out, so as to reuse the demolished material obtained from concrete structures. The increasing growth of modernization forcing the existing structures to clear off their marks in the path of development .which will produce lot of demolished concrete waste. Unless these wastes are reused effectively can rise problems in environment and also increase the cost of new projects as a part of site clearances and disposal works. Which sometimes can prove as a head ache in busy metropolitan areas where there is a scarce for waste disposal land. At the same time where the scarcity for aggregate is severe the use of recycled aggregate can prove an effective and economical idea. There has been a long history for Recycled Aggregate which is been widely used as base material, road metal, landfills, surface preparations in almost all the countries. Recycled aggregate is used commonly in low grade mixes up to M20 and M30. But when comes to structural application use for RCC material where it has to satisfy some crucial structural aspects. One of the most crucial phenomena of reinforced concrete constructions is the bond between concrete and reinforcement. Previous investigators mainly engaged themselves in the processing of demolished concrete, the mixture design, the physical and the mechanical properties as well as the durability aspects. Most of the findings have been extensively reviewed and discussed. It was revealed that the relevant material properties of RAC are generally lower than those of conventional concrete, but they are still sufficient for practical application in civil engineering. It was made clear that the following aspects contribute to the bond behaviour: (1) concrete type; (2) loading conditions; (3) bar geometry; (4) construction details and (5) concrete confinement.

Fig 1. Demolished concrete

Fig 2. Pavements built out of RAC

Objectives:
There is a common reluctance to use recycled concrete as an aggregate in new concrete due to the limited information on the topic. One of the major issues with the use of recycled concrete has been the loss of strength which may be attributed to concrete mixture constituents, RCA blending percentage, water-cement ratios, and aggregate gradation. The objective is to study the bond characteristics of GFRP bars with Recycled Aggregate Concrete so as to compare the wit existing conventional steel bars. The future for recycled aggregates will be driven by reduced landfill availability, greater product acceptance and the continuing decay of a large stock of existing infrastructure, as well as by the demands of a healthy economy. The self weight of recycled aggregate is less when compared with RCC made of natural aggregate which brings down the dead load of the structure.

Research Significance:
The study in this area gives the scope of investigating the properties of Recycled Aggregate and characteristics of GFRP bars. Difference in properties of Natural aggregate concrete and RAC can be compared. The stress-slip characteristics, bond behaviour, tensile behaviour studies can be done.

Methodology:
The materials are to be tested for the basic properties such as specific gravity, water absorption, bulk density etc. Then the gradation of the aggregate is to be carried out so as to fix the maximum aggregate size to be adopted in designing the grade mix. The compressive strength and split tensile tests for the sample specimens are carried out. Casting with GFRP bars as reinforcement is then performed. After curing, these are to be kept under the process of pull out tests to study bond behaviour and stress- slip characteristics.

International and National Status of proposed work:

The extensive research on recycled concrete aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) as started from year 1945 in various part of the world after Second World War, but in a fragmented manner. First effort has been made by Nixon in 1977 who complied all the work on recycled aggregate carried out between 1945-1977 and prepared a state-of-the-art report on it for RILEM technical committee 37-DRC. Nixon concluded that a number of researchers have examined the basic properties of concrete in which the aggregate is the product of crushing another concrete, where other concentrated on old laboratory specimens. However, a comprehensive state-of-the-

art document on the recycled aggregate concrete has been presented by Hansen & others in 1992 in which detailed analysis of data has been made, leading towards preparation of guidelines for production and utilization of recycled aggregate concrete. It has been estimated that approximately 180 million tonnes of construction & demolition waste are produced each year in European Union. In general, in EU, 500 Kg of construction rubble and demolition waste correspond annually to each citizen. Indicatively 10% of used aggregates in UK are RCA, whereas 78,000 tons of RCA were used in Holland in 1994. The Netherland produces about 14million tons of buildings and demolition wastes per annum in which about 8 million tons are recycled mainly for unbound road base courses. The 285 million tons of per annum construction waste produced in Germany, out of which 77 million tons are demolition waste. Approximately 70% of it is recycled and reused in new construction work. It has been estimated that approximately 13 million tons of concrete is demolished in France every year whereas in Japan total quantity of concrete debris is in the tune of 10-15 million tons each year. The Hong Kong generates about 20 million tons demolition debris per year and facing serious problem for its disposal.USA is utilizing approximately 2.7 billion tons of aggregate annually out of which 3040% are used in road works and balance in structural concrete work. The rapid development in research on the use of RCA for the production of new concrete has also led to the production of concrete of high strength/performance.

Indian Status There is severe shortage of infrastructural facilities like houses, hospitals, roads etc. in India and large quantities of construction materials for creating these facilities are needed. The planning Commission allocated approximately 50% of capital outlay for infrastructure development in successive 10th & 11th five year plans. Rapid infrastructural development such highways, airports etc. and growing demand for housing has led to scarcity & rise in cost of construction materials. Most of waste materials produced by demolished structures disposed of by dumping them as land fill. Dumping of wastes on land is causing shortage of dumping place in urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to start recycling and re-use of demolition concrete waste to save environment, cost and energy. Central Pollution Control Board has estimated current quantum of solid waste generation in India to the tune of 48 million tons per annum out of which, waste from construction industry only accounts for more than 25%.

Proposed Experimental program:

The experimental work is going to comprise a series of pull out tests on cylindrical specimens to find out bond strength with 4 different diameter bars in two different grades of concrete. Three specimens for each diameter bar in each grade are to be casted. After curing, the specimens are to be tested on UTM. The test is going to have the experimental setup as shown in fig.3

Fig 3

Approximated Expenditure:
S.No 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 Description Required quantity 10 bags unit rate 280 4500/100 cft 3500/cft 200 Total cost 2,800=00 10,000=00 4,500=00 7,000=00 4,000=00 10,000=00 5,000=00

Cement GFRP bars Sand 100 cft Coarse Aggregate 200 cft Plasticizers 20 Litres Labour Transportation of materials Like flyash etc Total Estimated Amount The approximate cost of the project is Rs. 43,300/-

Time Schedule Chart: