Heinemann Maths Year 9 VELS Answers

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 513 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM
Answers
Solutions to Laugh Zones, Maths in Actions, Maths@Works,

Problem solving tasks, Investigations, VELS Design Tasks,
VELS Assignments, DIY Summaries and Challenge Maths are
available in the Teacher Edition and Teacher Worked Solutions.
Chapter 1
Prep zone
1 (a) 0.17
79
2 (a) -------100
(p. 2)
(b) 0.057
(c) 0.00321
3
7
--------(b) ----------(c)
1000
500
3 (a) 3 3--4-
2(b) 2 ----15
4
5
8
9
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(e)
17
(p. 6)
5 1 ----12
1(f) 5 ----12
(b)
-------20
1 20
-----57
2 (a)
(e)
(h)
3 (a)
(e)
21.96
4 (a)
2 153
--------200
(e)
Exercise 1.2
-----(d) 1 11
16
8.7
(b) 9.1
(c) 7.8
(d) 206.67
3:5
6 2:1
7 Anh $15, Kiao $5
1m
(b) 6.35 km
(c) 3.982 cm
65
(b) 48
Exercise 1.1
1 (a)
(c) 1 2--5-
-----(c) 5 24
35
(d)
(g) 2 1--2-
(h)
4 1--3
71 ----25
(i)
(b) 18.52
(c) 0.314
(d) 0.75
(f) 11.43
(g) 14.3902
10.0256
(i) 0.104
2.4
(b) 3.125
(c) 12.875
(d) 21.8
123.75
(f) 321.375
453 61
-----80
(c)
15 1011
-----------1250
-----------(d) 19 4993
5000
-----------(f) 632 1631

2500
5 D
6 C
7 (a) 33.33% (b) 20%
(c) 33.33%
(d) 18.18%
(e) 15%
(f) 31.25%
(g) 35.56%
(h) 17.5%
(i) 37.65%
8 (a) 1725
(b) 1875
(c) 2175
(d) 3300
9 (a) 1980
(b) 1320 (c) 748
(d) 110
10 (a) $40
(b) $70
(c) 2200 minutes
(d) 300 minutes
11 (a) E
(b) B
(c) C
12 Any number divisible by 3 between 45 and 84
inclusive
9, 45%, 9 : 20
13 (a) 0.5, 50%, 1 : 2 (b) ----20
(c)
(e)
52
-----99
1.8125
--------(b) 7 149
200
18
------ ,
25
14
------ ,
25
0.72, 18 : 25
(d)
56%, 14 : 25
(f)
2--,
5
3--,
8
14 (a) 700
(b) 966
15 (a) 18
(b) 20%
16 (a) (i) 120 (ii) 96
(b) (i) 390 (ii) 273
(c) Increasing by a certain percentage and then
decreasing by the same percentage does not get you
back to where you started.
17 (a) (i) 125 (ii) 100
(b) (i) 400 (ii) 300
(c) Multiplying by a certain ratio and then applying
the reverse ratio gets you back to where you started.
0.4, 40%
0.375, 37.5%
(p. 13)
1 (a) $20.40
(b) $38.40
(c) $262.50
2 B
3 (a) 16.7% profit (b) 28.6% profit (c) 3.7% loss
(d) 5.3% loss
4 C
5 (a) $69.60
(b) $96 (c) $520.80
(d) $6259.20
6 6.01% profit
7 (a) $2.00 (b) $27.57
(c) $295.68 (d) $42.05
8 (a) $40 (b) $60
(c) $91.76
(d) $78.82
9 D
10 E
11 $735
12 $88.80
13 14.9% profit
14 18.7% profit
15 $15.71
16 (a) $16.80
(b) $21
17 (a) Students own answers but will need to be
between 19.9% and 24.9%. (b) Students own
answers but will need to be between 18.3% discount
on $3000 to a 23.4% discount on $3200.
18 (a) (i) $1090 (ii) $600 (iii) 31.2% discount
(b) $7857
19 (a) 39.4% profit (b) $120 370
(c) $137 670
Exercise 1.3
(p. 19)
27
(b) 38
(c) 512
(d) p9
(e) 6x6
16
11
6
11y
(g) 3j
(h) 72e
(i) 14m8
a9b2
(b) g4h7
(c) e11f 2
(d) m11n11
p3q4
(f) t8u10
(g) 5v13w3
(h) 9x3y7
9
10
14
14
10
12a b
(j) 56c d
(k) 6e f 7 (l) 54g6h8
72
(b) 35
(c) 23
(d) 5a4
(e) 5g4
e4
f2
2
11
2
(f) 3h
(g) 4c
(h) 12d
(i) ---(j) --6
9
j
3k
3
7
3
2
(k) --(l) -----(m) 5m n
(n) 6v w
3
11
2
2
x y
a7b2
(o) ---------(p) ---------(q) 6c4d 2
(r) 3e6f 6
4
7
x8y2z2
ab 8 c 6
p2q5r3
(s) --------------(t) ------------(u) --------------5
9
4
1 (a)
(f)
2 (a)
(e)
(i)
3 (a)
ans w e rs
513
4 (a) C
(b) C
(b) 2 32 7
(c) 22 3 61
5 (a) 22 52
(e) 22 33
(f) 34 52
(d) 22 33 5
(g) 22 17 (h) 32 52 7
6 Coefficients must be 2 and 6, 1 and 12 or 3 and 4.
Sample answers: 2x7 6y3; x3y 12x4y2
6y 10
- , 6y 3
7 (a) x16, x4
(b) --------y7
t
(b) --(c) 12a8
(d) 2q3
(e) c7
3
f3
2x 2
(f) j 5
(g) --(h) q6
(i) -------8
5
9 (a) A
(b) C
10 (a) a3 + 3a
(b) 42k3 7k4
(c) b4 + ab
(e) 18x3 + 24x7
(f) 12v3 24v8
(d) 45p4 + 5p5
(g) 25xy3 10y9 (h) 45p4 + 18p3q5
(i) 15s2t3 6s4
11
51
5
8 (a) x9
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
510
511
512
513
514
25
125
625
3 125
15 625
78 125
390 625
1 953 125
9 765 625
48 828 125
244 140 625
1 220 703 125
6 103 515 625
(a) 15 625 (b) 78 125

(d) 1 953 125 (e) 125
(g) 15 625 (h) 15 625
(c) 6 103 515 625

(f) 3125
(i) 390 625
(p. 23)
1 (a) 1
(b) 7 (c) 8
(d) b2
(e) c3
(f) k
(h) 8g 11
(g) 3a4
2 (a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 3x4
(d) k8
(e) a3
9
3f 2
5s
(f) 3
(g) ------(h) ------4
9
3 All answers must contain x3.
(d) b21
4 (a) 4096
(b) 531 441
(c) a12
(e) x9
(f) 70 = 1
(g) k0 = 1
(h) p0 = 1
(b) k27
(c) m20
(d) y23
5 (a) y17
12
20
(e) m
(f) f
6 Values for m and n must multiply to give 24.
7 (a) 1
(b) 3--5(c) 4--7(d) 1
(e) 5--25
514
e6
d
q
(f) ---(g) -----(h) -----6
15
10
(a) C (b) B
(b) p14
(c) k3
(d) n10
(a) m3
(a) A
(b) C
(a) 7
(b) 18
(c) 10
(d) 7
(e) 3
HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE
(p. 27)
1 $1530
2 $179.90
3 B
4 E
6 $527.05
7 D
8 (a) $771 (b) $555.15
(c) $331.35
(d) $187.50
9 E
10 (a) 8 --13- %
(b) 6 --23- %
(c) 22%
5 A
11 $713
12 (a) $1700
(b) $2600
(c) $3450
(d) $4350
(e) $4950
(f) $6000
13 $89.76
14 Adam: $433.20; Britta: $444.60; Con: $433.20;
Deng: $307.80
15 (a) $900, $1956.75, $23 481
(b) $335, $1456.69, $17 480.30
(c) $622.84, $1245.69, $2708.33
(d) $725, $3152.54, $37 830.50
(e) $832.50, $1665.01, $43 440
(f) $1360, $2956.87, $35 482.40
16 $150 000
17 (a) 40 hours (b) 44 hours (c) 50 hours
(d) 19 hours overtime is exactly the same
18 (a) (i) $78.75 (ii) $1057.50
(b) $2937.50
19 (a) Option A: $40 000; Option B: $35 714
(b) $25 000
(c) If Bruce expects sales less than
$25 000 per week he should choose Option A
Exercise 1.6
Exercise 1.4
8
9
10
11
Exercise 1.5
(f) 1
(p. 36)
1 (a) $683.30
(b) $3123.45
2 $507.92
3 (a) $0
(b) $225
(c) $975
(d) $2100
(e) $11 460
(f) $13 859.7
(g) $15 360
(h) $23 118
4 B
5 E
6 (a) $44 765
(b) $9289.5
7 (a) Answers need to be less than $45 550.
(b) Answer will be less than $9525.
8 (a) $32 769.04
(b) $31 904.04
(c) $5431.21
9 (a) $12 210
(b) $1044.46
(c) $234
(d) $5754.9
(e) $1635
10 (a) $21 060
(b) 26%
(c) $15 720
(d) 20%
(e) $5340
(f) If the income was split with their
spouse/partner each individual would get the benefit
of the tax-free threshold. There is a flaw in the tax
system as applied to sole income earners.
Exercise 1.7
(p. 40)
1 $297
2 (a) $176
(b) $37.80
(c) $132.84
(d) $10.20
(e) $2234.40
(f) $453.75
3 B
4 $13 427.13
5 B
6 (a) $3.93
(b) $7.59
(c) $1.08
(d) $2.58
7 (a) $2.03
(b) $1.04
8 (a) $1.37
(b) $0.23
9 8.9%
10 22.8%
11 5.8 years
12 B
13 B
14 (a) 9.0%
(b) 14.0%
(c) 11.5%
(d) 10.0%
15 (a) 7.9 years (b) 3.8 years
(c) 5.3 years
(d) 2.2 years
16 (a) $200
(b) $1350
(c) $2129.61
(d) $42 760.85
17 $1455.23
18 (a) $45
(b) $2400
19 $8036
20 (a) $4.36
(b) $2.71
21 (a) (i) $0.74 (ii) $3.29
(b) $2.55
22
23
26
27
207 days
$24 000
24 $36 930.46
25 $4657.14
Sample answers: R = 4%, T = 2; R = 8%, T = 1
(a)
Balance
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
17
28
1
19
29
6
28
16
21
31
Balance
Deposit
Withdrawal
Deposit
Deposit
Withdrawal
Deposit
Withdrawal
Deposit
Withdrawal
Balance
$197
$641
$299
$862
$176
$194
$800
$426
$400
$975
$1172
$531
$830
$1692
$1516
$1710
$910
$1336
$936
$936
(b) July $531; August $531; September $910;

October $910 (c) $6.60
(d) July $975; August $531; September $1516;
October $910 (e) $9.01
(f) 36.5% increase
(g) The timing of withdrawals needs to be carefully
considered as even the small changes seen in this
question have resulted in significant increases in the
amount of interest earned.
28 (a) $2250
(b) $17 250
(c) $479.17 (d) 13%
(e) $1500
(f) $1000
(g) Part (e) assumes the $15 000 is owed for the
whole 3 years whereas part (f) doesnt.
Exercise 1.8
(p. 50)
1 (a) $4
(b) $5.50
(c) $10
(d) 15.25
2 (a) (i) $18 (ii) 5 weeks
(b) (i) $9 (ii) 4 weeks
(c) (i) $60 (ii) 6 weeks
(d) (i) $34 (ii) 5 weeks
3 (a) $3 (b) $72
4 (a) $2050.40
(b) (i) $1250 (ii) $1313
5 Students own answers, but the cost price will
always be seven times the payment.
6 (a) (i) $1890 (ii) $12 502
(b) $2667.50
(c) 4 years
Exercise 1.9
(p. 55)
1 (a) $4.21
(b) $3.38
(c) $0.98
(d) $1.74
(e) $4.78
(f) $1.79
2 B
3 (a) $5.97
(b) $5.70
4 (a) $25
(b) $25 (c) $71.25
(d) $62.63
(e) $30
(f) $108.75
5 (a) (i) $100 (ii) $1055
(b) (i) $65 (ii) $705
(c) (i) $120 (ii) $1255 (d) (i) $245 (ii) $2505
6 (a) $893
(b) $226
7 (a) Answers must be $375 or less.
(b) Answers will be $3.14 or less.
8 (a) $5247
(b) $2572
(c) $6590
9 (a) If you were able to pay your credit card bill
completely each month then Card A is the better
choice.
(b) Card B is better if you think you will need to

have some on-going debt associated with your
credit card. With this card you get more days without
interest being charged.
Chapter review
1 (a)
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
13
14
16
17
19
21
2 1--6
(b)
(p. 58)
1 1 ----20
(c)
2 14
-----15
(d)
33
-----50
(a) $52.50
(b) $26.24
(c) $237 500
3 E
(a) 12x15
(b) 5x4
(c) 45a7b11
(d) 2a3b2
(a) x12
(b) q26
(c) 4
(d) 7--5(a) $59.15
(b) $101.40
(c) $29.58
(d) $80.28
(a) $0
(b) $10 227
(c) $14 694
(a) (i) $1.11 (ii) $0.58
(b) $0.53
C
10 (a) $16
(b) 5 weeks
(a) $735
(b) $171
12 $7.75
(a) 16 700
(b) 23 380
(c) 40%
(a) $105
(b) $94.50
(c) 26%
15 $945.75
(a) $44 874.80
(b) $43 434.80
(c) $8890.44
(a) $5750
(b) $958.33
18 $2700
(a) $2062.50
(b) 10 years
20 $625
(a)
State/
Territory
Vic NT SA WA Tas Qland ACT NSW
Rate (%)
3.83 3.4 3.42 2.92 2.84
2.8
2.76
2.75
(b) $400 000: 4.9%

$600 000: 5.28%
(c) (i) $2440 (ii) $4960 (iii) $11 260
(iv) $77 000
(d) (i) $2340 (ii) $3915
(iii) $7590 (iv) $62 490
(e) Certainly all of the
examples shown here indicate that Victoria is higher.
However, NSW seems to collect stamp duty for
properties of all values while Victoria starts at $20 000.
22 (a) $10 794
(b) $8095.50
(c) $1169.80
(d) $3147
(e) $6477.20
(f) Within a further two years
Replay
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
8 (a)
9 (a)
10 (a)
11 (a)
(p. 62)
6 h 45 min
(b) 8 h 32 min
55
(b) 2 2 3
(c) 2 3 7
33
(b) 47
(c) 7
78
(b) 42
(c) 1
5 : 2 (b) 11 : 21 (c) 3 : 8
4
-----(b) 7 1--2(c) 6
15
2, 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, 191
80, 55, 30, 5, 20, 45, 70
20.2 cm
(b) 36 cm
(c) 23 cm
(b) 60 cm2
(c) 26.5 cm2
21.3 cm2
1--x = 11
(b) x = 7 3
(c) x = 15
1
--4
(b)
1
-----13
(c)
1
-----52
12 5
Chapter 2
Prep zone
(p. 66)
1 (a) 72.1
(b) 18 210
(c) 15.7123
(d) 0.000 074
2 (a) 6
(b) 32
(c) 0
(d) 140
ans w e rs
515
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
5 (a)
(i) 5 m (ii) 1.6 mm

(iii) 15.1 cm
(i) 16 m (ii) 9 mm
(iii) 62.1 cm
E
(b) B
(c) A (d) D
(e) C
(b) 96 cm2
(c) 154 cm2
112 cm2
Exercise 2.1
(p. 68)
1 (a) 3 cm (b) 8500 cm (c) 7500 (d) 140 mm
(e) 640 000 cm (f) 28 mm
(g) 0.78 m
(h) 671 cm (i) 9500 m
2 (a) centimetre (b) metre (c) metre
(d) kilometre (e) millimetre (f) metre
3 (a) C (b) E
(c) B
(d) H
(e) G (f) F
(g) A
(h) D
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 C
8 D
9 12 cm
10 2.25 km: the claim is not correct.
11 $25.90
12 Film for a camera. The film is 35 mm wide.
13 (a) 12 m (b) 300 cm
Exercise 2.4
(p. 87)
1 (a) 117 cm2
(b) 120 mm2
(c) 140 mm2
(d) 66 cm2
(e) 240 cm2
(f) 7.5 m2
(g) 27.5 cm2
(h) 130 mm2
(i) 12 km2
(j) 84 mm2
(k) 350 m2
(l) 360 mm2
2 (a) E
(b) A (c) D
(b) 96 tiles
3 (a) 625 cm2
(b) 14.1 cm
4 (a) 200 cm2
6 B
5 4.5 m2
7 Any product whose product is 320
8 1.26 m, 3.16 m
9 586 m2
10 (a) 90 m2
(b) $2070
Exercise 2.5
(p. 94)
1 (a) 180 m2
(b) 780 cm2
(c) 3.913 m2 or 39 130 cm2 or 3 913 000 mm2
2 (a)
(b) 54 cm2
Exercise 2.2
(p. 78)
1 (a) 75.6 cm 76.4 cm (b) 1.53 km 1.61 km
(c) 19.3 m 19.9 m
(d) 7.59 cm 7.69 cm
(e) 12.3 m 13.3 m
(f) 1.089 km 1.091 km
2 (a) (i) 0.000 (ii) 0.05%
(b) (i) 0.001
(ii) 0.14% (c) (i) 0.001 (ii) 0.12%
(d) (i) 0.009 (ii) 0.87%
3 (a) 84 1.5 m (b) 48 0.9 cm (c) 656 16 cm
(d) 4760 15 m
4 (a) 102.4 1.6 cm
(b) 150 1 m
(c) 705 7.5 mm
5 2000 56 cm2
6 (a) 15.5 m (b) 8.5 cm
(c) 74.5 mm
(d) 76.45 and 76.55 m
7 A
8 (a) B
(b) A
9 (a) length 0.04, width 0.0625
(b) length 4%, width 6.25% (c) 16.04 1.64 cm2
10 (a) maximum 28.8 m, minimum 28.0 m (b) 1.4%
(c) maximum 50 m2, minimum 47 m2 (d) 84 bags
11 (a) two cans of paint
(b) maximum 36 m, minimum 32 m
(b) 35 boxes
12 (a) 1306 72.4 m2
13 Students own answers
14 (a) 2.5% (b) 82 km/h
(c) Too high. Then you are actually travelling below
the speed limit if the speedometer indicates that you
are driving at the speed limit.
Exercise 2.3
(p. 82)
1 (a) 825 cm2
(b) 1853 cm2
(c) 1750 mm2
(d) 506 cm2
(e) 600 cm2
(f) 628 cm2
(g) 143 cm2
(h) 240 cm2
2 (a) D (b) C (c) B
(b) 176 kg
3 (a) 1408 m2
(c) 62%
4 (a) 451 cm (b) 1546 cm2
(b) 81.8%
5 (a) (i) 311.1 m2 (ii) 69.1 m2
6 The area of the top of the pizza is 616 cm2, so any
rectangle that gives this area with integer values.
Sample answers: 25 25; 22 28; 31 20 etc.
7 (a) (i) 3 cm (ii) 2 cm
(b) They are the same.
516
3 (a) 700 cm2

(b) 78 cm2
(c) 1560 cm2
(d) 560 mm2
(e) 150 cm2
(f) 720 cm2
(g) 1360 cm2
(h) 4320 cm2
4 (a) C (b) E
(c) E
5 6550 cm2
2
6 Type 1 uses 352 cm ; Type 2 uses 372 cm2
7 (a) 60 cm long, 50 cm wide (b) 15 cm
8 Four times larger
9 Any of these combinations (length, width, height) in
centimetres: (2,2,119), (4,4,58), (6,6,37), (8,8,26),
(10,10,19), (12,12,14), (16,16,7), (20,20,2)
(b) 110.86 m2
10 (a) 158 m2
(c) 9 hours 14.3 minutes
(b) 24 cubes
11 (a) 832 cm2
(d) 36.1%
(c) 2304 cm2
Exercise 2.6
(p. 98)
1 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) No
(e) No
(f) No (g) Yes (h) No
(b) 1260 mm3
(c) 210 cm3
2 (a) 600 cm3
3
3
(d) 512 m
(e) 28 274 cm
(f) 63 m3
(g) 1080 cm3
(h) 9600 mm3
3 (a) 600 cm3
(b) 560 m3
4 (a) E
(b) B
(c) A (d) A
(b) 12 000 litres = 12 kL
5 (a) 12 m3
7 50 cups
6 3040 m3
8 (a) 200 cm
(b) 419 days
9 5654.9 cm3
10 Any of these combinations (length, width, height) in
metres: (1,1,36), (1,2,18), (1,3,12), (1,4,9), (1,6,6),
(2,2,9), (2,3,6), (3,3,4)
(b) 62 cm
11 (a) 15 944 cm3
(c) 547.4 kL
12 (a) 76 027 mL (b) 14 451 cm3
Chapter review
(p. 102)
1 (a) D
(b) C
(c) B
(d) E
2 (a) 6.3%
(b) They are the same.
(c) 6662 33.5 cm2
(b) 3848.45 cm2

(c) 1480.44 m2
3 (a) 180 cm2
2
(d) 12 355.84 cm
4 (a) 6.51 m2
(b) 500.85 cm2
(c) 315 cm2
(d) 338 cm2
(e) 162 cm2
(f) 10.935 m2
5 (a) 348 cm2
(b) 190.5 cm2
6 (a) 360 cm3
(b) 2011 cm3
(c) 1380 cm3
3
3
(d) 3000 cm
(e) 110 mm
(f) 450 m3
7 (a) 18.3 cm, 25.4 cm (b) 18.7 cm, 25.8 cm
(c) 87.4 cm, 89.0 cm (d) 465 cm2, 482 cm2
8 5.03 cm2
9 (a) 61.3 m2
(b) 12.3 m2
10 (a) 143 m2
(b) 14 900 tiles (c) 145 200 L
11 (a) 32 cm
(b) 12.16 L
(c) 17 cm
Replay
(p. 106)
1 STEM | LEAF
1 | 7 8
2 | 5 6
3 | 1 3 4 9
4 | 0 2
5 | 1
2 (a) 3 h 15 min
(b) 10 h 30 min
(c) 6 min
(b) 12
(c) 600
3 (a) 33
4 (a) 212.5
(b) $0.08
(c) 72
5 (a) 8
(b) 81
(c) 2
(c) 25
6 (a) 1
(b) 3 1--37 (a) 15a 12ab
(b) 60xy + 17x y (c) 8j 2k
(c) 54e3fg
8 (a) 80gh
(b) 36k2
(b) 30y 55y2
(c) 3p2 + 4p + 63
9 (a) 8x 16
10 (a) 4(m 7) (b) 7d(ed + 5) (c) (g 3)(f + 5)
11 (a) (i) 0.4 (ii) 40%
(b) (i) 0.38 (ii) 37.5%
(c) (i) 0.42 (ii) 41.67%
(b) x4
(c) x4
12 (a) x8
25 (a) $364
(b) $487.50
(c) $606.25
(d) $649.95
26 $1280
27 (a) $2035
(b) 7 years and 1 month
28 $7809.50
29 Surface area is multiplied by four
3p 5 q 7
30 (a) 2
(b) -------------(c) 5x5y7
2
31 (a) Option A: at least $16 000
Option B: at least $12 666.67 (b) $6000
(c) Option A is better if Bettina expects to sell less
than $6000 worth of goods per week, but this is less
than her minimum expectations.
32 (a) 21.46%
(b) 21.46%
(c) They are equally efficient
Chapter 3
Prep zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(p. 114)
equilateral (b) isosceles (c) scalene
45.79
(b) 12.23
(c) 4.55
144
(b) 3025
(c) 1406.25
9
(b) 13
(c) 16
8.06
(b) 25.65
(c) 17.93
x=6
(b) x = 81
(c) x = 33
x = 6 (b) x = 6.24 (c) c = 18.03
Exercise 3.1
(p. 117)
1 (a) Yes (b) No (c) No
(d) No (e) Yes
(f) Yes (g) Yes (h) Yes (i) No
2 (a)
a
b
c
a2
b2
c2
(a)
21
36
42
441
1296
(e)
18
24
30
324
576
900
(f)
26
26
36
676
676
1296
(p. 107)
(g)
19
28
34
361
784
1156
1 (a) (i) $83.20 (ii) $883.20

(b) (i) $3553 (ii) $13 053
2 (a) 14.29%
(b) 75%
(c) 12.5%
(d) 250%
4 $678.90
5 358 cm2
3 132 cm2
6 (a) 38.3 cm2
(b) 2045.2 cm2
7 (a) $14
(b) 4 weeks
8 (a) 2 cm
(b) 2 367 000 cm (c) 7 m
9 (a) $48.50
(b) $77.60
(c) $92.15
(d) $145.50
10 (a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 1
(d) 5
(b) 92 m2
(c) 198 cm2
11 (a) 178.5 cm2
12 $3.40
13 (a) 60.3 m to 63.7 m (b) 5.645 km to 5.675 km
(b) 47.1 cm2
(c) 100 cm2
14 (a) 17.4 cm2
15 (a) $45
(b) $1890
(c) $10 155
(d) $14 550
(b) 7238.2 mL 5
16 (a) 7238.2 cm3
xy
(b) 120a7b11
(c) -------17 (a) 12g4h4
3
18 7.1 m2
2
19 The area is between 1323.875 cm and 1376.375 cm2
20 216 days
21 $1156.25
22 12 cm, 24 cm
23 (a) $22 907.02
(b) $22 227.02
(c) $2528.11
24 (a) 0.8 m (approx) (b) 12 days
(h)
22
30
37
484
900
1369
Mixed revision one
1764
(b) For right-angled triangles, allowing for

measurement errors, a2 + b2 = c2.
3 (a) C (b) A (c) D
(d) E
2
4
b2
c 2 a2 + b 2 = c 2
a
b
c
a
(a)
36
36
51
1296 1296 2601
yes
(b)
23
33
38
529
1089 1444
no
yes
(c)
23
36
43
529
1296 1849
(d)
31
36
43
961
1296 1849
no
(e)
18
39
43
324
1521 1849
yes
(f)
23
34
41
529
1156 1681
yes
(g)
23
34
41
529
1156 1681
yes
(h)
22
27
27
484
729
729
no
(i)
51
52
81
2601 2704
yes
5 (a) Yes
(f) Yes
(k) Yes
(b) No
(g) Yes
(l) No
(c) No
(h) Yes
(d) Yes
(i) Yes
(e) Yes
(j) No
ans w e rs
517
a2
b2
c2
(a)
3 cm
4 cm
5 cm
16
25
(b)
12 cm
16 cm
20 cm
(c) 60 mm 80 mm 100 mm
24 cm
256
400
6400
10 000
25 cm
49
576
625
(e) 24 mm 90 mm 93 mm
576
8100
8649
(d)
7 cm
144
3600
Exercise 3.5
(p. 140)
5.83 m
2 A
(a) 44.82 m
(b) 18.18 m
4 B
5 0.51 m
3.47 m
7 A
8 C 9 11.31 cm
1.88 km
11 3.14 m
12 11.95 cm
Through mountains $157 429;
Around mountains $132 500
14 $1621.50
15 A B C D E F A (or the reverse order)
16 6.89 m extra wood; first new design 9.48 m extra;
second design 4.5 m extra. The last design is the
cheapest.
a2 + b2 = c2
1
3
6
10
13
Exercise 3.2
(p. 124)
1 (a) 15 m
(b) 50 mm
(c) 13 cm
(d) 25 cm (e) 2.5 m
(f) 8.5 mm
2 (a) 12 mm (b) 24 m
(c) 24 cm
(d) 16 cm (e) 12 m
(f) 6 cm
3 (a) 26
(b) 9.43
(c) 15
(d) 17.89
(e) 19.21 (f) 130
(g) 13.89 (h) 17.03
4 (a) C (b) B
5 (a) C
(b) A
6 (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No
(e) No
(f) Yes (g) No
(h) No
7 192 cm
8 (b) 19, 180, 181; 36, 323, 325; 60, 221, 229
Chapter review
(p. 144)
1 (a) Yes (b) No
(c) Yes
2 (a) 30 mm, 30 mm, 48 mm, No
(b) 20 mm, 50 mm, 54 mm, Yes
(c) 26 mm, 45 mm, 52 mm, Yes
3 (a) No
(b) Yes
4 (a) 20 cm
(b) 50 m
(c) 30 m
5 (a) 75
(b) 38.83
(c) 12.5
6 (a) 75 cm
(b) 24.60 mm
(c) 63.64 m
7 (a) 40.82
(b) 10.30
8 (a) x = 27.33
(b) x = 78.33
(c) x = 15.23
9 (a) 9.64
(b) 13
10 E
11 (a) 3.8 m
(b) 6.6 m
(c) 4.97 m
12 Ming wins by 1.58 s 13 7 m
14 132 m
15 (a) 19.71 m, 10 sleepers (b) $350
16 (a) 2 m
(b) Possiblymany races are won by less than 2 m
17 (a) 4 cm
(b) 5.66 cm
(c) 21.66 cm
Exercise 3.3
(p. 130)
1 (a) 13
(b) 10
(c) 15
(d) 39
(e) 26
(f) 65
2 (a) 13.60
(b) 13.42
(c) 6.12
(d) 16.74
(e) 8.54 cm (f) 21.26 mm
3 B
4 4.50 m
5 (a) D
(b) D
6 (a) 17 cm (b) 34 m
(c) 10 cm
(d) 5 m (e) 35 m
(f) 10 cm
7 (a) 9.90 cm
(b) 27.46 mm
(c) 19.21 cm
(d) 10.20 m
(e) 5.52 km
(f) 13.89 m
8 C
9 (a) x = 10 cm, y = 14.42 cm
(b) x = 12.21 cm, y = 12.81 cm
(c) a = 9.43 m, b = 8.94 m
(d) x = 25.61 mm, y = 28.28 mm
(e) a = 5.83 cm, b = 8.37 cm
(f) a = 8.06 cm, b = 9 cm, c = 9.85 cm
10 C
11 (a) 200 = 14.14 cm; 1.414 = 2.
(b) 2
12 (a) Sample answers
Replay
1
2
3
5
ym
50 m
Distance
from
corner, y m
10
15
20
25
Total
distance
50.01 m 50.04 m 50.25 m 50.99 m 52.20 m 53.85 m 55.90 m
swum, x m
(b) 55.90 m
518
6
7
8
9
10
11
(p. 148)
(a) 197
(b) 35
(c) 65
(b) 47
(c) 55
(a) 5
4 (a) 90
(b) 55
(c) 168
64 cm3
(a) 8
(b) 44
(c) 259
1
st
(a) 8
(b) ----(c) ---3s
3
-----(a) 2--5(b) 1--3(c) 12
(d) 19
7
13
3
6
(b) x
(c) x
(a) x
(a) $216.75
(b) more than 160
(a) $50
(b) $20.63
(b) 81.7 cm2
(c) 207.5 cm2
(a) 140 cm2
Chapter 4
Prep zone
(p. 152)
1 (a) 14x (b) 8y (c) k2
2 (a) 4h + 2y
(b) 8y3 + 6x2 2x
(c) 60g3
3 (a) 12xy (b) 20k2
Exercise 3.4
(p. 135)
1 (a) 35
(b) 24
(c) 9
(e) 48 cm (f) 77 mm
2 (a) 25.40
(b) 19.74
(c) 31.43
(d) 118.76
(e) 11.18 m
(f) 17.05 m
3 2.42 m
4 (a) A (b) D
5 (a) x = 9
(b) x = 9.80
(c) x = 3
(d) x = 8
(e) x = 7.48, y = 8.31 (f) x = 6.63, y = 17.32
6 (a) 14.14 cm
(b) 8.49 m
(c) 70.71 cm
(d) 24.75 m
(d) 40 m
(b) 4x2y
(c) 2x2
4 (a) 4x2
5 (a) 6
(b) 9
(c) 4
(b) (i) 22 m
6 (a) (i) 20 cm (ii) 25 cm2
(c) (i) 16 mm (ii) 12 mm2
(ii) 18 m2
Exercise 4.1
(p. 154)
1 (a) 7
(b) 21
(c) 2
(d) 8
(e) 0
(f) 21
(g) 18
(h) 25
(i) 8
(j) 1
(k) 27
(l) 1
(d) 3
(e) 18
2 (a) 13
(b) 31
(c) 20
(h) 73
(i) 21
(j) 24
(f) 3 (g) 13
(l) 22
(k) 27
(c) 8
(d) 9
(e) 95
3 (a) 129
(b) 7
(i) 21
(j) 36
(f) 11 (g) 24
(h) 42
(l) 67
(k) 53
4 D
5 A
6 B
7 (a) (i) 32 (ii) 41 (iii) 86
(b) (i) 197.9 (ii) 294.5 (iii) 3357.7
(c) (i) 2.4 (ii) 180 (iii) 10 125
8 6.4 joules 9 282.8 cm2
10 d must be a negative number divisible by 6.
11 (a) (i) 5 (ii) 5 (iii) same answers
(b) (i) 65 (ii) 65 (iii) same answers
(c) (i) (x5 y5)(x5 + y5)
(ii) 310 210 = (35 25)(35 + 25) = (211)(275)
Exercise 4.2
(p. 159)
1 (a) 2x + 10
(b) 8x 16
(c) 9x 18
(d) 4a + 36
(e) 8b + 24
(f) 3k 12
(i) 3d 18
(g) 2m 6 (h) 5n 30
(k) 4d 32
(l) 6x + 18
(j) 7x 7
(n) 2x + 10
(o) 5x + 30
(m) 9c + 54
(b) m2 + 5m
(c) x2 + 9x
3 (a) x2 + 3x
(f) x2 6x
(d) s2 7s (e) x2 x
2
2
(i) n2 + 9n
(g) x + 8x (h) x + 4x
(b) 2u2 12u
(c) 5x2 5x
5 (a) 3x2 + 6x
(e) 9x2 + 18x
(f) 4x2 + 16x
(d) 11m2 + 33m
(h) 7q2 7q
(i) 9b2 + 54b
(g) 2x2 14x
6 15x + 6
7 (a) 10x + 2 (b) 15q 10
(c) 24x + 30
(e) 63 18u
(f) 24 32x
(d) 12p + 14
(h) 10r2 35r (i) 10x2 15x
(g) 12n2 16n
(k) 16x 14x2
(l) 35k 30k2
(j) 12x2 8x
8 (a) 2x + 10
(b) 3y + 5 (c) 2a2 + 3ab 2a
(e) 6k2 + 21k 4
(d) 12p + 6q 3
(f) 10x2 + 20xy 15xz + 5x
(g) 2dc 6d 2 + 10df 12d (h) 36y + 7y2
9 (a) 5x + 2
(b) 8 y (c) 2x 11 (d) 5a + 13
(f) 3x2 + 10x 4
(e) 2a2 3a + 10
(h) 9k2 + 27k
(g) 7y2 26y 10
10 E
11 D
12 A
13 (a)
(b) 6x + 18
x+9
(c) (i) 48 cm (ii) 130.2 cm
(d) Not possible.
(iii) 66
No negative values can be
2x
used, nor can 0.
(e) 2x(x + 9) cm2
(f) (2x2 + 18x) cm2
(g) (i) 1160 cm2
(ii) 504 cm2 (iii) 0 cm2; not possible in real life
14 (a) 2400 m
(b) 10(3y 2) (c) y(2y + 3)
(d) (i) 14 m (ii) 702 m (iii) 2849 m
(e) 5
15 (a) x(x + 3) (b) 10x 12
(c) 3 cm, 4 cm
16 Two possible methods are to substitute values for x
and to use areas of rectangles.
Exercise 4.3
(p. 163)
1 (a) xy + 5x + 6y + 30 (b) xy + 7x + 4y + 28
(c) ce + 3c + de + 3d (d) rt + 8r + st + 8s
(e) ab a + 2b 2 (f) pq 2p + 3q 6
(g) x2 + 4x + 3 (h) y2 + 11y + 18
(i) ax + 3x ap 3p (j) ay + 4a by 4b
(k) mn 6m 2n + 12 (l) km 4k 5m + 20
2 x2 + x 12
3 (a) 2ab 6a + b 3 (b) 3x2 + 5x 2
(c) 3mn 3m + 2n 2 (d) 4y2 + 2y 2
(e) 10k2 29k 21 (f) 8a2 + 14a 15
(g) 4mp + 4np + mq + nq (h) 7ax + 7kx + ay + ky
(j) 10g2 47g + 9
(i) 12p2 11p + 2
(l) p2 q2
(k) a2 b2
4 E
5 B
6 D
(b) 204 cm2
(c) 6
7 (a) (x + 7)(x + 2) cm2
(d) x2 + 9x + 14
8 (a) (i) (15 + x) m (ii) (3 + x) m
(iii) (15 + x)(3 + x) m2 (iv) (45 + 18x + x2) m2
(b) New garden bed has (18x + x2) m2 more area.
(c) 40 m2 extra area
9 a + b = 1; e.g. --14- + --34-
10 (a) (i) x2 (ii) x 4 (iii) x 2 (iv) (x 2)(x 4)

(b) 6x 8
Exercise 4.4
(p. 168)
1 (a) k2 + 4k + 4 (b) m2 + 10m + 25 (c) d 2 2d + 1
(e) x2 + 16x + 64
(d) p2 6p + 9
(g) m2 + 2mn + n2
(f) y2 + 24y + 144
(h) w2 2wk + k2
(i) a2 8a + 16
(k) x2 + 18x + 81
(j) y2 + 12y + 36
(l) k2 14k + 49
(b) 4w2 + 36w + 81
2 (a) 16y2 + 24y + 9
(d) 36k2 12k + 1
(c) 9x2 30x + 25
(f) 9 48d + 64d 2
(e) 49 28a + 4a2
2
(g) 1 8c + 16c
(h) 36 + 84y + 49y2
(i) 16g2 8gh + h2
(j) 9a2 + 6ad + d 2
(k) 4a2 12ab + 9b2
(l) 25m2 + 80mn + 64n2
3 (a) c2 25
(b) a2 16
(c) k2 64
(e) x2 y2
(f) c2 d 2
(d) m2 49
2
2
(g) 81 x
(h) 9 y
(i) 1 k2
(j) 36 w2
(k) p2 q2
(l) h2 g2
4 (a) 4m2 1
(b) 9x2 16
(c) 36b2 49
2
2
(e) 64 25a
(f) 9 4d 2
(d) 25y 1
(g) 16a2 25c2
(h) 9m2 4n2
(i) 4x2 49y2
(j) 16a2 25b2
(k) 9 c2d 2
(l) 25 j 2k2
5 B
6 E
7 D
8 A
9 E
10 (a) (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True
(b) True
11 (a) (i) x2 + 14x + 49 (ii) 4x2 12x + 9
(b) (i) 121 cm2 (ii) 25 cm2
ans w e rs
519
(b) (x2 4) m2
12 (a) x2 m2
(c) Square playing field is larger by 4 m2.
14 4c2 + 12ch + 9h2
13 d2 + 2ad + a2
15 (a) Filomena: 3x, Stan: 6y (b) 36y2 36xy + 9x2
16 (a) --32- m
(b) 1 --14- g (c) --32- m 1 --14- g
(d)
9--4
m2
15
-----4
mg +
25
-----16
g2
17 S1 = 4R21, S2 = 4R22
S1 S2 = 4R21 4R22
= 4(R21 R22)
= 4(R1 R2)(R1 + R2)
18 (R r)(R + r)
19 Sample answers: a = 5 b = 4; a = 13 b = 5;
a = 10 b = 6; any Pythagorean triad where a = length
of hypotenuse and b = either of the other side
lengths.
(b) 1--2- (B b)(B + b)
20 (a) 1--2- B2 1--2- b2
2
(c) (i) 12b2
12b
(ii) -------------------2 100 = 96%
1--
25b
2
Exercise 4.5
(p. 173)
1 (a) 3
(b) 4 (c) 2
(d) 3
(e) a
(f) q
(g) 3g
(h) 4ab (i) m
(j) p
(k) 5x
(l) 3ab
2 (a) 3(x + 3) (b) 12(y + 2) (c) 6(1 + 7a)
(d) 4(1 + 2b) (e) 2(k 3) (f) 4(m 5)
(g) 7(4p 1)
(h) 4(4k 1) (i) a(3 + b)
(j) w(y + 5)
(k) 2(a + 2b 4c)
(l) 3(x 5y + 3)
(b) 4(2y + 9) (c) 7(2a 5)
3 (a) 5(2x + 5)
(d) 6(2d 3) (e) 9(2 3m) (f) 3(2 5k)
(g) a(3 + 2b) (h) y(5x + 2) (i) 3g(3f 4h)
(j) 2b(12ac 5) (k) k(5m 3n + 2gh)
(l) c(1 + 4b + 2a)
4 (a) x(x + 3) (b) y(y + 6) (c) k(5 k)
(d) m(8 m) (e) p(4p + 7) (f) a(9a + 5)
(g) 3d(2 3d)
(h) 2g(11 7g) (i) 2a(ab + 2)
(j) 6h(gh + 3) (k) 8xy(2x 5y) (l) 6ab(3 7a)
(b) 4(k + 6) (c) y(y + 3)
5 (a) 2(m + 6)
(d) x(x + 1) (e) 4(4a 1) (f) 7(3b 1)
(g) 8(3p 5) (h) 2(9w 8)
(i) 3x(2x + 1) (j) 7y(2 + 7y)
(k) 2(4d + 2f + 3g) (l) 5(3a + 2b + 1)
(m) 4x(3x + 4 5y z) (n) 2k(m 2m2 + 3 + 4k)
6 (a) (a + 3)(x + 5) (b) (n 2)(m + 9)
(c) (y 1)(4 + w) (d) (x + 5)(3 + y)
(e) (q + 5)(p 2)
(f) (f 1)(d 6)
(g) (2x + 3)(y 1) (h) (3p + 5)(a 1)
(i) (d 2)(5d 4) (j) (m 6)(3m 7)
(c) False
(d) True
7 (a) True (b) False
(e) False
(f) False
8 (b) 3x 6xy = 3x(1 2y)
(c) a(b + 2) 3(b + 2) = (b + 2)(a 3)
(e) 4p + 3k cannot be factorised or
4p + 3kp = p(4 + 3k)
(f) 3y2 9y + 12xy = 3y(y + 3 4x)
9 C
10 B
11 D
12 C
13 A
520
14
16
17
18
5(3a 2b2)
15 (a) 8ab + 12a (b) 4a(2b + 3)
(a) (c + 2)(d + 5) (b) c = d + 3
Sample answers: 3x + 12xy; 6x + 9xb; 12abx + 15cx
(a) x(4x x + y) (b) x2(5 )
(c) 5 must be greater than zero, so must be
less than 5
Exercise 4.6
(p. 177)
1 (a) (x + 4)(y + 3) (b) (p + 1)(q + 5)
(c) (m + 2)(n + 9) (d) (a + f )(b + d)
(e) (p + t)(q + r)
(f) (m 3)(k + 6)
(g) (p 7)(n + 1) (h) (a 5)(b + 1)
(i) (m 2)(n 7) (j) (a 6)(b 4)
(k) (x + 2)(x 8)
(l) (y + 4)(y 6)
2 (a) (k + 2)(p + 3)
(b) (m + p)(n + q)
(c) (d + 6)(c + 2)
(d) (a + k)(d + h)
(e) (x 4)(y + 2)
(f) (e 1)(g + 3)
(g) (b + 1)(c 1) (h) (y + 3)(x 1)
(i) (k 3)(m n) (j) (d 6)(f g)
(k) (a 4)(a + 5) (l) (k 2)(k + 5)
3 D
4 C
5 A
6 C
7 (a) de + 2d + ce + 2c (b) (d + c)(e + 2)
8 (a) x2 4x + 12 3x (b) (x 4)(x 3)
(b) (y + 6)2
9 (a) y2 + 12y + 36
(c) Square of side length y + 6
10 Sample answers: 2x + 2a to give (x + a)(x + 2),
xy + ay to give (x + a)(x + y)
11 (a) (a + 7)(b + c + d)
(b) c + d = 7.
Sample answers: c = 1, d = 6
Exercise 4.7
(p. 180)
1 (a) (x 4)(x + 4) (b) (y 5)(y + 5)
(c) (d 8)(d + 8) (d) (a 6)(a + 6)
(e) (g 1)(g + 1)
(f) (k 2)(k + 2)
(g) (12 h)(12 + h)
(h) (7 x)(7 + x)
(i) (3m p)(3m + p) (j) (c 2e)(c + 2e)
(l) (8f 7g)(8f + 7g)
(k) (5a b)(5a + b)
2 (a) 2(x 3)(x + 3) (b) 6(x 2)(x + 2)
(c) 5(4 y)(4 + y) (d) 3(5 y)(5 + y)
(e) 7(a b)(a + b)
(f) 10(m n)(m + n)
(g) 8(x 2)(x + 2) (h) 11(x 3)(x + 3)
(i) 4(a 3b)(a + 3b)
3 (a) (4a 3)(4a + 3)
(b) (5b 1)(5b + 1)
(c) (4 3p)(4 + 3p) (d) (5 8y)(5 + 8y)
(e) (x 7y)(x + 7y) (f) (n 9p)(n + 9p)
(h) (3a 7b)(3a + 7b)
(g) (2p 9q)(2p + 9q)
(i) (2x 7w)(2x + 7w) (j) (9y 11k)(9y + 11k)
(k) (10m 3)(10m + 3)
(l) (10a 13b)(10a + 13b)
4 (a) 3(3a 7b)(3a + 7b) (b) 2(9c 8d )(9c + 8d )
(c) 7(5x 2)(5x + 2)
(d) 5(10y 3)(10y + 3)
(e) 6(6 7m)(6 + 7m) (f) 8(5 4p)(5 + 4p)
(g) 10(4p 11q)(4p + 11q) (h) 3(2k 9n)(2k + 9n)
(i) 5(3y 4p)(3y + 4p)
5 Two terms, both squares, separated by a minus sign.
6 C
7 B
8 B
9 (x 9)(x + 9)
10 10(10 3x)(10 + 3x)
11 (8x 3y)(8x + 3y)
12 a = b + 1. For example: b = 2, a = 3
13 (a) (a b c)(a + b + c)
(b) a b c = 10k, k = 1,2,3,...
Sample answers: a = 19, b = 7, c = 2; a = 10, b = 1,
c=1
14 (a) --12- g (T2 T1)(T2 + T1)
(b)
1--g
2
(T2 T1)(T2 + T1) = 1--2- g( 1--g- ) (T2 + T1) = 1--2- (T2 + T1)
Exercise 4.8
1
4
5
10
11
12
(p. 183)
(a) (y + 8)2
(b) (b + 7)2
(c) (k 6)2
(d) (p 2)2
(e) (x + 5)2
(f) (y + 4)2
(g) (a 9)2
(h) (d 10)2
(i) (c 12)2
(a) (3f + 4)2
(b) (4d + 5)2
(c) (2x 3)2
(d) (5y 2)2
(e) (4k + 1)2
(f) (3p + 7)2
2
2
(g) (8m 5)
(h) (6n 1)
(i) (3x + 10)2
(j) (2w + 9)2
(k) (11y 2)2
(l) (7c 4)2
(a) (k + 3m)2
(b) (x + 6y)2
(c) (p 4q)2
(d) (c 5d )2
(e) (5a + b)2
(f) (w + 10z)2
(g) (3m q)2
(h) (x 9y)2
(i) (7m 2n)2
2
2
(j) (3a + 4b)
(k) (3c + 11d)
(l) (6m 7p)2
Three terms that follow the pattern a2 2ab + b2
C
6 D
7 C
8 x + 12
9 5
(b) 1 or 4
(a) (2x + 5)2
(b) a = 2b
(a) (3a 6b)2
(c) b = 1, a = 2; b = 3, a = 6
(a) 4x2 5x + 1 (b) 5 must be less than 2x
(c) (4x 1)(x 1)
(d) x 1 = 0, x = 1; 4x 1 = 0, x = 1--4-
Exercise 4.9
(p. 186)
1 (a) 3, 2
(b) 10, 2
(c) 4, 7
(d) 2, 8
(e) 2, 24
(f) 1, 7
(g) 5, 3
(h) 2, 12
(j) 9, 5
(k) 5, 5
(l) 3, 4
(i) 2, 4
2 (a) (x + 1)(x + 4) (b) (x + 3)(x + 5)
(c) (x + 2)(x + 7) (d) (x + 1)(x + 6)
(e) (x + 5)(x + 8) (f) (x + 4)(x + 9)
(h) (x + 11)2
(i) (x + 1)(x + 3)
(g) (x + 6)2
(j) (x + 7)(x + 8) (k) (x + 6)(x + 10)
(l) (x + 2)(x + 9)
3 (a) (x 6)(x 2) (b) (x 3)(x 1)
(c) (x + 7)(x + 5) (d) (x 5)(x 4)
(e) (x 4)(x + 1) (f) (x 2)(x + 6)
(g) (x 4)(x + 5) (h) (x 7)(x + 6)
(i) (x 9)(x + 2) (j) (x 4)(x + 8)
(k) (x 6)(x + 8) (l) (x 12)(x + 2)
4 (a) 3(x + 2)(x + 4) (b) 2(x + 2)(x + 5)
(c) 6(x 1)(x 3) (d) 4(x 1)(x 6)
(e) 2(x 3)(x + 5) (f) 5(x 2)(x + 6)
(g) 4(x 2)(x + 1) (h) 3(x 8)(x + 2)
(i) 6(x 4)(x 3)
5 C
6 E
7 B
8 length x + 5; width x + 2
9 x 2, x 7
10 (x + 8)(x 6); for x = 6 the expression is equal to 0.
11 (a) 20, 18, 8
(b) (x + 4)(x + 5), (x + 6)(x + 3), (x + 8)(x + 1)
(b) (x + 8)(x + 3)
12 (a) x2 + 11x + 24
(c) x = 97
(d) x = 97 in x(x + 11) + 24
Chapter review
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(p. 189)
(b) 5
(c) 12
7
(b) 34
3 E
4 A
(c) 10x2 + 5x
4x + 28
(b) x2 3x
(i) 13x 7 (ii) 18x2 + 19x 6
(i) 45 (iii) 358
(b) 6a2 + 7a 20
x2 + 10x + 16
(b) 25c2 20cd + 4d2
x2 + 24x + 144
4(2a + 3)
(b) 5k(3 + 4k)
pq(5p 3 + 2q r) (d) 6(4a + ab + 12)
3
(5 + x) cm
20 cm
(b) (50 + 2x) cm (c) 2(25 + x)

(e) 100 + 20x
(d) 20(5 + x) cm2
11 (m 2)(k + 8); m = 5, k = 8
12 2x + 6
13 5y 3
14 (a) 10 + 2x
(b) x2 + 5x
2
(ii) (x + 7)(x 2)
(c) (i) x + 5x 14
(iii) There are no sheep
15 (a)
1--3
L21H
(d) (i)
20L22
(b)
1--3
L22H
(c)
1--3
H(L1 L2)(L1 + L2)
(ii) 1, 2
Replay
(p. 192)
1 (a) trapezium (b) rhombus
(c) isosceles triangle
(b) 27
(c) 10
2 (a) 11
3 (a) 0.26
(b) 10.700
(c) 8.600
4 (a) 47h
(b) 3bc 5b (c) 2k
(b) 15p + 10p2 5pq
5 (a) 6m m2
(c) 10a + 3 a2
6 (a) $0
(b) $1200
(c) $12 060
7 9 months
8 (a) 0.3 m
(b) 124 500 cm
(c) 268.7 mm
(b) 201.1 m2
(c) 65.4 cm2
9 (a) 23.5 cm2
10 (a) 102 cm2
(b) 40 cm2
(c) 80 cm2
11 (a) 3.61
(b) 8.49
(c) 17.29
12 (a) 10 cm
(b) 5.4 cm
(c) 3.5 cm
Chapter 5
Prep zone
1 (a)
(f)
2 (a)
(c)
(e)
3 (a)
4 (a)
5 (a)
(e)
(p. 196)
14
(b) 13
(c) 12 1--2(d) 12
(e) 5.34
62.7221
equilateral (b) scalene and right angled
scalene (d) isosceles
isosceles and right angled (f) scalene
42
(b) 40
(c) 54
(d) 4
64 (b) 25 (c) 53
4 : 5 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 5 : 4 (d) 4 : 3
3 : 4 (f) 4 : 5
ans w e rs
521
Exercise 5.1
1 (a)
(p. 199)
(b)
A
x
5
6
20
O 12
H 45
15
A
adjacent, hypotenuse
7
10
11
opposite, adjacent
(d)
(c)
41
H 105
y A
Exercise 5.3
7.5 H
(c) (i) t = 42.13 cm (ii) b = 51.68 cm

(iii) m = 12.47 m
(a) D
(b) D
(c) E
Any, as long as the ratio between b and a is 7 : 10.
Sample answers: a = 10, b = 7; a = 20, b = 14;
a = 100, b = 70
160 metres
8 2.95 metres
9 87.53 cm
5.66 m
(a) 2.87 m
(b) Angle from the ground could be
reduced to 30 or less
1 (a)
O
adjacent, hypotenuse
H
O 12
tangent
(f)
(c)
H 35
5.8 A
H 105
cosine
sine
p
(f) -q
(f)
H 35
5.8 A
(b) A
5
12
7 (a)
(b)
Exercise 5.2
1 (c) 0.71
(b) (i)
(c) (i)
7
-----24
7----25
3--or
5
(c) 10 km
7 km
3 km
7 km
T
M
3 km
(ii)
0.6
4
--3
3--5
or 1 1--3-
(ii)
8----17
21
-----29
(b) sine
ramp
or 0.47
(iii)
0.5 m
25
or 0.72
11 tan ratio
9----41
or 0.22
3 (a) (i) x = 10 km (ii) p = 39 cm (iii) n = 0.7 cm

(b) (i) x = 13 cm (ii) y = 6 m (iii) r = 20.8 cm
(c) (i) n = 48 cm (ii) s = 12 km (iii) r = 20.8 m
4 (a) (i) p = 4.33 m (ii) b = 24.01 cm
(iii) e = 7.81 m
(b) (i) u = 4.7 m
(ii) q = 72.4 cm (iii) c = 15.4 cm
522
2 (a) 0.59 (b) 0.81

(c) 0.73
3 (a) (i) 0.58 (ii) 0.87 (iii) 0.5 (iv) 0.87
(v) 1.73 (vi) 0.5
(b) same
(c) same
4 (a) (i) 0.54 (ii) 1.54 (iii) 0.84 (iv) 0.54
(v) 0.84 (vi) 0.65
(b) same
(c) same
5 (a) (i) 0.74 (ii) 0.67 (iii) 1.11
(b) (i) 0.74 (ii) 0.67
6 B
7 C
8 A
9 (a) A (b) A
(c) B
(d) C
(e) C
(f) B
(iii) 1.05
(iii)
sine
10 (a)
(p. 203)
(e) 0.71
(g) 1
(ii)
tangent
10
O
32
13
3.3 O
(e)
O
y A
7.5 H
opposite, hypotenuse
(d) k (e) n
(f) p
2 (a) a
(b) f
(c) g
4 (a) C
(b) E
(c) E
(d) D
e
i
k
o
5 (b) --(c) -(d) -(e) --d
g
j
n
41
opposite, adjacent
(d)
10
O
32
2 (a) (i)
15
A
cosine
H 45
opposite, hypotenuse
(e)
6 (a) 13
(b)
A
x
20
3.3
O
(p. 210)
12 sine ratio
13 (a)
13
12
14 sin 42 = 0.669
(b) 5
(c)
5----13
Exercise 5.4
(p. 214)
1 (a) 26.63
(b) 7.51
(c) 18.87
(d) 33.27
(e) 4.04
(f) 58.11
(g) 35.08
(h) 0.92
2 (a) 313.49 (b) 137.73
(c) 34.31
(d) 13.62
(e) 229.40
(f) 89.71
(g) 8.32
(h) 150.13
3 (a) C (b) D
4 (a) D (b) E
5 The adjacent side divided by the hypotenuse must
be approximately equal to 0.45.
6 2.40 m
7 1.39 m
8 7.60 m
9 7.01 m
10 10.72 m
11 3.70 m
12 47.57 cm
13 5.52 mm
Exercise 5.5
(p. 219)
1 (a) 39
(b) 15
(c) 35
(d) 62
(e) 10
(f) 41
(g) 11
(h) 78
2 (a) C (b) D
(c) D
3 54
4 15
5 24
6 44
7 8
8 (a) 31
(b) 4121 m
Exercise 5.6
1
4
8
9
(p. 229)
122.06 m
2 16
3 62.50
D
5 B
6 9.58 m
7 24
height of tree distance from car 0.51
76 m
10 26.17 m
Chapter review
1 (a)
4--3
(b)
9----40
2 (a) x = 11.05 cm
(c) p = 10.24 m
-----3 (a) 3--5(b) 15
17
(p. 232)
(c)
60
-----11
(b) t = 3.94 cm
(c)
20
-----29
c
e
h
4 (a) -(b) --(c) --a
d
g
5 (a) 0.47
(b) 0.88
(c) 0.53
(d) 0.88
(e) 0.47
(f) 1.88
6 (a) 2.19 cm
(b) 15 cm
(c) 55
(d) 111.9 m
(e) 1767 m
(f) 68
7 A
8 22.84 cm
9 33.58 m
10 48
11 1.33 m
12 76.9 km
13 215.44 m
14 46
16 63.4
15 (a) 2.23 cm
(b) 15.6 cm2
Mixed revision two
Chapter 6
Prep zone
1 (a) P = 5
(e) C = 5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
5(c) ----12
(a) $62.00
(b) $136.40
(a) $13.50
(b) $992
(a) (i) $12 (ii) 5 weeks
(b) (i) $33 (ii) 5 weeks
(b) 87.0 cm2
(c) 120 cm2
(a) 53.1 cm2
(a) 46 m2
(b) 288 cm2
(c) 50.1 cm2
(a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) no
4.9 m
(c) 6
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 6x2 18x
(a) 20x + 16
(b) x2 + 5x
(a) 6(2g + 3) (b) wx(1 16x) (c) (2 + p)(5j 7)
(a) (x + 5)(x + 2) (b) (x + 5)(x 3)
(c) (x 6)(x 3)
(p. 244)
(b) P = 11
(f) C = 17
(c) P = 3
(g) C = 9
(d) P = 13
(h) C = 7
2
Y
3 C
A
2
1
Replay (p. 236)

11 (a) 1 3--4(b) 1 ----15
(p. 238)
1 (a) (g 12)(g + 12) (b) 4(3 f)(3 + f)

(c) 5(2q 5)(2q + 5)
(b) 13x 9
(c) r2 + 33r
2 (a) 30y2 + 72y 5
3 (a) 8.60
(b) 7.96
(c) 7.31
4 (a) 30
(b) 55 (c) 33
(b) (3y 4)2
(c) (2x 5y)2
5 (a) (y 7)2
6 14.8 m
7 (a) 3
(b) 16
(c) 26
8 16.89 cm
9 (a) xk + 3x 6k 18 (b) k2 13k + 42
(c) 2h2 + h 10
10 (a) x = 20.9 m (b) y = 12.6 cm (c) g = 23.5 cm
11 9.8 cm
12 14.89 cm
(c) 6p2 21p
13 (a) 56 8c
(b) 12x + x2
2
2
14 (a) g 16g + 64 (b) 36y + 84y + 49
(c) 49d2 42dw + 9w2
15 (a) (x + 5)(x 3) (b) (x 5)(x 4)
(c) 4(x + 3)(x 2)
16 (a) 7(x 7) (b) 11r(r + 4) (c) 4a(3b 8a)
17 16.0 cm
18 (a) (y + 2)(x + 7) (b) (z 3)(z 5)
19 (x + 7) and (x 6)
20 (a) 2x(3x + 1) (b) 6x2 + 2x
21 4.1 m
22 61
23 (a) (y + 3)(x 8) (b) (j 7)(5j + 12)
24 (a) tan; 2.5 m
(b) sin; 3.05 m
25 90.14 m
26 12.6 cm
27 A B C D E F A (or its reverse);
181.26 m
(b) (x + 7)(x 3) (c) x = 103
28 (a) x2 + 4x 21
(d) Students to show the equality of the expressions
29 29.4 m
3 (a)
E
F
2 11
1 2 3X
G
2
3
4 D
ans w e rs
523
(d)
Y
6
5
4
3
2
1
y=x+4
(e)
(f)
3 2 110
13
31
49
200
400
600
12
24
36
12
18
11
1 2 3 4X
(b)
e
D
2 (a) Linear b
8
6
Y
1
3 2 110
2
3
4
5
(c)
y=x2
4
2 3 4X
2
0
4 3 2 1
0
0
0
3
6
9
y = 2x
(b)
(c)
524
10
8
6
4
2
6 9 c
1 2 3 e
(d) Not linear
0 1 2 3 4 5 6X
1
(e) Linear
h
20
15
10
5
x = 6 (b) y = 15
(c) a = 10
b = 21
(e) c = 12
(f) d = 14
g = 19 (b) x = 42
(c) y = 6
(f) k = 36
x = 35
(e) b = 12
15x 6
(b) 20 6x
(c) 15x + 43
True (b) False
(c) False
(c) Not linear
2
3
4
5
1 (a)
d
3
Exercise 6.1
(b) Linear
Y
4
3
2
1
4 (a)
(d)
5 (a)
(d)
6 (a)
7 (a)
k
12
10
8
6
4
2
1 2 3 4 5 g
(f) Linear
3 2 1 0
1 2 3 4 j
q
6
4
(p. 246)
10
20
30
400
800
1200
$7
$14
$21
12
20
28
76
124
6 4 220
4
3 (a) D
(b) B
4 (a) Number
6 f
(c) C
of litres
Cost
(dollars)
0 0.95 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65
(c) Yes, as the graph is a straight line

(d) (i) $2.85 (ii) $2.28 (iii) $5.42
(e) (i) 4 L (ii) 2.6 L (iii) 5.5 L
(f) c = 0.95d
5 (a) Number of
sets of books
sold
Weekly wage
(dollars)
80
7 (a)
12
(e) $880
3
Exercise 6.3
(p. 259)
1 (a) (i)
x=3
6
4
2
Distance
cycled
(metres)
(c) 230 m
(f) d = 85t
180 280 380 480 580
(c) Yes (d) W = 80 + 100n

6 (a) Time
(minutes)
9 Sample answers: A(1, 4) and B(4, 2), A(7, 12) and

B(13, 8), A(0, 0) and B(2, 3)
(d) 40 L/min
10 (a) 320 L
(b) 8 min
(c) 40
(e) decreasing volume of water
(f) (i) 160 L (ii) 80 L (iii) 240 L
(iv) (320 40t) L (g) V = 320 40t
y=x+2
2 12 0 1 2 3 x
85 170 255 340 425 510 595
(d) 3.5 min

(g) 3.4 km
(e) 11.8 min
(ii)
Y
4
2
$US
y=x3
2
3 2 12 0 1
4
6
10
(iii)
Y
5
4
3
2
1
6
4
2
4
(b) $US3.70
(e) $A18.30
12
16
3 2 110
(c) $US9.20
(d) $A10.50
8 Students own answers.
(p. 251)
1 (a) 1 (b) --25- (c) 1--3- (d) 0 (e) 2 (f) undefined
2 (a) positive (b) negative (c) zero
(d) undefined
3 (a) B
(b) A
(c) A (d) C
(e) B
(b) 3
(c) 1--3(d) 0
(e) 2--54 (i) (a) 1
(ii) Graph b (iii) Graph a
5 (a) C (b) B
(c) A
(d) E
(d) 1
(e) 2
(f) 1
6 (a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(i) 1--5(j) 5--9(k) 0
(l) 0
(g) 2
(h) 1
(n) 5
(o)
3
4
5
6
7
500
400
300
200
100
y = 3x + 6
2 1 0 1 2 3 X
3
6
(v)
Y
12
9
6
3
2
0
3 2 1
1
3 X
3
6
y = 3x + 3
9
10 20 30 Time (s)
(d) D = 15t
Y
15
12
9
6
3
8 (a) Distance (m)
(c) 15
(iv)
3
----14
7 (a) 1.2 km
(b) 20 min
(c) 60 m
(d) 60 m/min (e) 60
(f) (i) 360 m
(ii) 720 m (iii) 1080 m (iv) 60t m (g) D = 60t
(b) 15 m/s
1 2 3 X
20 $A
Exercise 6.2
(m) 5
y = 2x 1
(e) 795 m
ans w e rs
525
(vi)
3 (a)
Y
10
8
6
4
2
Y
1
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 X
2
4
y = 4x 2
6
8
10
12
14
Y
10
8
6
4
2
(b) The y-coordinate is 2.

4 (a)
6
X
(c)
(d)
Y
12
10
8
5 (a)
(b)
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
y=5x
6
6 4 22 0 2 4
4
(b) (i) 2, 2 (ii) 3, 3 (iii) 1--2- , 1 (iv) 2, 6

(v) 1, 3 (vi) 1--2- , 2 (vii) 4, 4 (viii) 5, 5
(c) (i) 3
(d) (i) 2
(ii)
4--3
(iii) 4
1
--2
(ii)
(iii) 1
(e) (i) 4
(f) (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 6

(g) (i) 1 (ii) 5 (iii) 5
(h) (i) 5 (ii) 2--5- (iii) 2
(b) The x-coordinate is 3.
(c) vertical
(ii)
1--2
(iii) 2
(d) 2, 1
(e) 4, 2
8 (i) (b) 2, 3
(c) 3, 4
(g) 1, 5
(h) 5, 2
(f) 3, 6
(ii) gradient (iii) y-intercept (iv) 2, 5
9 (a) Sample answers: y = 5x, y = 5x + 2, y = 5x 1
(b) Sample answers: y = 2, y = 2x 2, y = 5x 2
10 (a) D (b) C
11 (a) Steepness or slope or gradient changes
(b) y-intercept changes
Exercise 6.4
(p. 265)
1 (i) (a) y-intercept 1, gradient 2
(b) y-intercept 2, gradient 3
526
All points must have 0 as the y-coordinate.

The y-coordinate is 0. (c) y = 0
All points must have 0 as the x-coordinate.
The x-coordinate is 0. (c) x = 0
(i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 1
(i) 2 (ii) 3--2- (iii) 3
y=4x
4
2
6 4 2 0 2 4
2
2 (a)
(c) horizontal
(b)
(viii)
(vii)
2 (i) (a) y-intercept 4, gradient 2

(b) y-intercept 3, gradient 1
(c) y-intercept 2, gradient 3
(d) y-intercept 1, gradient 4
(e) y-intercept 3, gradient 2
(f) y-intercept 2, gradient 3--2-
(c) y-intercept 3, gradient 1

(d) y-intercept 3, gradient 7
(e) y-intercept 4, gradient 1
(f) y-intercept 3, gradient 4
(g) y-intercept 4, gradient 1
(h) y-intercept 6, gradient 2
(ii) (a) Y
(b) Y
(g) y-intercept 1, gradient 2--3-
3
y = 2x + 1
(h) y-intercept 2, gradient
y = 3x 2
(ii) (a)
(b)
2
--5
4
X
1
X
x + y = 3
(c)
(d)
y=x+3
Y
10
2x + y = 4
y = 7x + 3
(c)
(d)
Y
1
3x + y = 2
Y
3
4x y = 1
(e)
(e)
(f)
(f)
2x y = 3
3x + 2y = 4
y=x4
3
(g)
y = 4x + 3
(h)
X
5
2x 5y = 10
2x + 3y = 3
(g)
(h)
3 (a) Y
4
y = x + 4
(b)
y = 2x
Y
3
y = 3x
4
1
1
X
1
y = 6 2x
ans w e rs
527
(c)
(d)
Y
X
y = x
mass of
crude oil
(tonnes)
(d)
50 000 (0, 48 000)
y = 2x
40 000
(e)
(f)
30 000
20 000
2
y = 23 x
(8, 16 000)
10 000
y = 45 x
0
X
(g)
(h) Y
(e) m = 12 000t + 10 000

(g) 12 hours
time
(hours)
(f) 16 000 tonnes
Exercise 6.5
X
4x + y = 0
6x + y = 0
(p. 269)
1 (i) (a) 4, 2
(b) 2, 6
(f) 10, 4
(e) 3, 6
(i) 23--- , 12--(ii) (a)
4 (a) y = 3x + 4 (b) y = x + 5 (c) y = 2x

(d) y = 4x
(e) y = 5x + 1
(f) y = 3x 4
5 (a) D
(b) C
6 (a) B
(b) E
(c) A (d) B
7 (a) D
(b) A
(c) C
8 Sample answers: (a) (0, 4) (1, 3) (2, 2)
(b) (0, 2) (1, 2.4) (5, 0) (c) (0, 0.5) (2, 0) (4, 0.5)
9 (a) 50
(b) 25
(c) d = 25t + 50 (d) 25 m/min
(e) 550 m
10 (a) 30
(b) 30 km/h
(c) d = 100t + 90
mass of
11 (a)
(c) 2, 6
(d) 3, 3
(g) 5, 2
(h) 3, 4
(b)
6
2
3x + y = 6
x + 2y = 4
X
(d)
3x y = 6
xy=3
100 000
(8, 106 000)
(e)
80 000
(f)
60 000
10
4
(0, 10 000)
1
2x 5y = 20
4x 2y = 12
20 000
40 000
time
(hours)
(g)
(c) m = 12 000t + 10 000
(h)
Y
2
2x + 5y = 10
4
5
4x + 3y = 12
3
528
120 000
(b) 12 000
(c) Y
crude oil
(tonnes)
(i)
(d)
Y
1
2
630
3x + 4y = 2
X
2
3
2 (i) (a) 4, 8
(b) 3, 9
(e) 2, 6
(f) --12- , 2
(g)
(ii) (a)
(c) 5, 5
(d) 2, 2
2
(h) --52- , 1
--4- ,
3
(b)
42
y = 3x 9
y = 2x 8
9
owing ($A)
8000
(d)
6 Possible solutions (1, 0) and (0, 3), (1, 0) and (0, 3),
(2, 0) and (0, 6)
7 (a) $7500
(b) 25 months
(c) Amount
(0, 7500)
7000
6000
y=x+5
5000
y=x+2
4000
(e)
(c)
(f)
3000
2000
1000
y = 6 3x
(25, 0)
4
12 16 20 24 t (months)
(d) $A = $300t + $7500

X
(g)
(h)
Y
2
1
2
y = 2 4x
Exercise 6.6
1 (a)
(p. 271)
(b)
5y = 2x 5
5
2
2 y=2
2y = 3x + 4
X
4
3
(f) $4200
y=4
3 (a) C (b) B
4 (a) (i) $150 (ii) $100 (iii) $(175 25n)
(b) A = 175 25n (c) $175
(d) 7
(e)
(e) $5700
(c)
x = 3
(d) x = 1
175
n
7
5 (a) 555 L
(b) 630 L
(c) 42 min
ans w e rs
529
(e)
(f) Y
(c)
x=
(d)
1
X
X
y=
5
2
y= 6
3
4
y = 5x 4
4
5
5
2
(b) y = 2
(c) y = 2--3- x
2 (a) y = 6
3 (a) D
(b) B
(c) E
4 (a)
x=2
(2, 8)
(d) y =
(e)
3
--4
(b) x = 3
y=4
(d) Y
x = 5 Y
y = 2x
y = 2x
(h)
x=8
x=3
(g)
(c)
Y
x = 4
(j)
y=0
( 5, 0)
X
1
(e)
(f)
Y
10 y = 10
x + 4y = 4
X
y = 5x
(l)
6
y = 7x
X
2x + 4y = 8
3x 2y = 18
5 (a) Y
(b)
(m)
y = 3x 1
(n)
Y
x=0
X
X
530
Y
y=0
y=1
1
x=0
7
(0, 0)
2
(k) Y
x 3y = 6
(2, 10)
1
3
(3, 6)
(i)
(3, 4)
y=8
(f)
y = 5x
(o)
(p)
Y
5
3
4
y = 5 2x
Y
X
3
y = 3 4x
(q)
5
2
(r)
Y
2
x+y2=0
1
X
(s)
(t)
4y = 3x
xy+1=0
Y
2y = x
3
1
4 X
Y
10
8
(h) x =
3 X
(b) (0, 0), (3, 6), (3, 10), (2, 10), (2, 3)
(c)
10
8
6
4
2
3
1 (a) a = 3
(e) h = 2
(i) r = 5--6(m) y = 0
Exercise 6.9
c = 7
e=4
x=2
m=4
y=1
p=4
x=8
x = 3 1--4-
4
(h) x = ----27
3 X
(d) Yes, the shed will be on the new road.
Exercise 6.7
--14
2--3
(p. 275)
(b) x = 5
(c) b = 4 (d) f = 4
(f) x = 1
(g) k = --25(h) p = 2 --14(l) x = 6
(j) x = 4
(k) x = 9
(n) x = 3 1--8(o) x = 6--7-
11(b) x = 1 ----12
(e) x = --16(i)
(c) x = 8 --128(f) x = ----15
11(g) x = ----14
2 5--6-
2(4x 1)
5 Sample answer: ---------------------- = 6
5
6 (a) 24
(b) 36
(c) 88
1 (a)
(e)
(i)
2 (a)
(e)
(i)
3 (a)
(e)
(p. 279)
x=9
(b) x = 6
(c) x = 7
(d) x = 14
(f) x = 12
(g) x = 8
(h) x = 4
x = 9
x=6
(c) x = 2
(d) x = --17x=4
(b) x = 2
(f) x = 6
(g) x = 1 1--2(h) x = 5
x = 1
2 1--7
E
(b) B
(d) x =
1 (a)
(e)
(i)
2 (a)
(e)
(i)
3 (a)
4 (a) x = 5--8-
7 Sample answers: 5, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5
(c) x = 2
(d) x = 1
8 (a) x = 5
(b) x = 2
(f) x = 4
(g) x = 5
(h) x = 1
(e) x = 6
(j) x = 0
(k) x = 6
(l) x = 2
(i) x = 2
9 (a) 63, 65, 67
(b) 48, 50, 52, 54
(c) 84, 91, 98, 105, 112, 119
Exercise 6.8

7 (a)
(b) b = 6
(c) b = 3
(d) d = 1
2 (a) a = 2
(e) r = 5
(f) e = 2
(g) e = 4
(h) g = 8
(j) p = 5
(k) x = 7
(l) p = 15
(i) h = 2
(m) k = 13
(n) y = 2 3--5(o) p = 2 3--4(d) x = 36
3 (a) x = 6
(b) x = 8
(c) x = 27
(f) x = 12
(g) x = 36
(h) x = 3 3--4(e) x = 42
(l) x = 15
(i) x = 10
(j) x = 0
(k) x = 14
(m) x = 8
(n) x = 55
(o) x = 57
4 (a) D
(b) B
(c) E
(d) C
5 (a) B
(b) C
(c) E
(d) A
(e) D
(f) C
6 (a) x + 7 = 19, x = 12 (b) y 5 = 3, y = 8
x
(c) 3x = 14, x = 4 --23(d) --- = 5, x = 20
4
(e) 2x + 3 = 13, x = 5 (f) 4x 7 = 12, x = 1 1--4-
4 (a) b = 22
(e) x = 16 1--2-
(p. 285)
(b) b = 8
(c) a = 6
(d) d = 7
(g) g = 7
(h) h = 6
(f) f = 2
(j) j = 2
(k) k = 3--2(l) y = 3
(b) n = 2
(c) x = 1
(d) p = 3
(f) x = 3
(g) a = 0
(h) x = 9
(c) x = 4
(b) x = 10
(f) x = 5 5--6(g) x =
(d) x = 2
1----11
(i) x = 21 2--3(b) a = 21
(f) y = 10
(c) c = 3
(g) g = 1
(d) d = 8
(h) k = 1
(i) m = 10
(j) j = 1 1--2-
(k) x = 5 1--2-
(l) p = 19
(m) x = 2 --13-
(n) y =
26----41

6 (a) B
(b) D
(c) E
(d) A
10 12
7 3
8 24
9 1
ans w e rs
531
Exercise 6.10
(p. 288)
1 (a) k + 4
(b) 3k (c) 3(k + 4) (d) 15
2 (a) x 5
(b) x + x 5 = 17; x = 11
(c) Andrew: 11; Lori: 6
3 length 13 m, width 10 m
4 Mark: 600 m; Annette: 300 m; Sue: 1200 m
5 $1.65
6 16
7 49, 55, 76
8 15
9 11 cm
10 21
11 Any number between 23 and 32
12 Gabby 30, Kate 15, Joe 12, Brett 48.
Exercise 6.11
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
2 (a)
(p. 291)
(b)
P
C+g
1 (a) k = ---(b) c = y mx (c) h = -----------m
a
ac
kn
+
2
(d) x = ----------(e) p = --------------(f) w = u(v + xy)
b
m
m+n
2 (a) x = z y (b) x = 3a + 2b (c) x = -------------k
fc
(d) x = --------(e) x = rt p (f) x = vy + w
d
kp y
mw t
mn + k
(g) x = -------------(h) x = ---------------(i) x = ----------------2
r
ap
gh e
n(t
kp)
y(f
b)
(j) x = -------------(k) x = --------------------(l) x = -----------------cd
m
d
vu
3 (a) t = -----------(b) (i) t = 4 (ii) t = 2.8
a
C
4 (a) r = -----(b) (i) r = 100 (ii) r = 2.61
2
P 2l
V
5 h = -------2- ; h = 2
6 w = -------------- ; w = 19
2
r
M
7 (a) M = DV; M = 84
(b) V = ----- ; V = 1.9
D
2A ah
8 b = -------------------; b = 13
h
2(S na)
9 (a) d = ----------------------n(n 1)
2S n(n 1) d
S (n 1) d
(b) a = --- -------------------- or a = -----------------------------------2n
n
2
Exercise 6.12
1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
10
(d)
532
(p. 295)
10
11
12
5
5
9
0
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
6
3
3 Number line must pass over zero and have a closed

circle on the left and an open circle on the right.
4 (a) B
(b) D
(c) A (d) E
5 (a)
250 000
260 000
270 000
280 000
290 000
(b) p 270 000

6 0 s 100
7 n5
8 7c 380 or c 54.29
9 (a) 50 x 120; 0 y 40
(b) x + y 120
(c) When x = 80 and y = 40 profit is a maximum
of $64.
Exercise 6.13
(p. 298)
1 (a) x 10
(b) x 5
(c) x 10
(f) x 28
(d) x 35
(e) x 9
(h) x 5 --25(i) x 9
(g) x 5 --13(l) x 8
(m) x 4
(j) x 8 (k) x 2
(q) x 11
(n) x 11 (o) x 4
(p) x 8
(r) x 10
(b) y 6
(c) y 5
2 (a) y 5
(d) y 12
(e) y 21 (f) y 12
1(h) y 2
(i) y 4
(j) y ----(g) y 8
15
(k) y
1--2
(n) y 3 5--6-
(l) y 3 1--6-
(m) y 4 1--3-
(o) y 4
3 (a) B
(b) D (c) B
(d) E
3(c) x 0
4 (a) x 2--3(b) x ----11
(e) x 4 (f) x 12
(g) x 25
(h) x 4 6--75 (a) y 1
(b) y 3
(c) y 2 --13-
(d) y
(e) y 30
(f) y 36
--13
(g) y 12
(h) y
6
--7
9
(i) y 4 ----13
(d) x 0
6 20C 428; C $21.40

7 0.40n + 3.45 5; n 8.75 so n = 1, 2, 3
8 Sample answer: 2x 5 12 + 3x
Chapter review
1 (a)
(d)
(p. 301)
Number
of weeks
Amount
paid ($)
(c)
X
x=0
500 590 680 770 860 950 1040
(b) Amount
6 (a)
paid ($)
4,
(b) 2,
3
--2
Y
1
2300
2120
1940
1760
1580
1400
1220
1040
860
680
500
X
2
2y = 3x 4
y = 2x 4
(d) 2, --32-
(c) 5, 1
0
2
10
(c) $1490
(d) 15 weeks
(f) $1850
2 5
3 (a) B
(b) D
4
Y
6
4
2
2 12
12 14 16 18 20
Number of weeks
5
4
x+y=5
(e) A = 500 + 90n
(f) 0, 5
(e) 0, 3
y = 2x + 4
3x + 2y = 4
y = 3x
1 2 3 X
4
6
x-intercept 2
y-intercept 4
m=2
5 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
y=0
(b)
Y
1
4x y = 4
y = 5x
Y
2x + 5y = 20
10
(c)
y = 3x + 6
(d)
Y
5
y = 5 2x
2 12
2
X
ans w e rs
533
(c)
8 (a)
(c)
9 (a)
10 (a)
11 (a)
12 (a)
Y
3
(b)
y=3
Chapter 7
(b) 2x2 13x + 15

x2 + 2x 15
2
12x + 2x 30
3(x + 2) (b) 5x(x 2) (c) (g 5)(3 + k)
b
(b) c
(c) a
x = 6.8 cm (b) y = 176.7 m
(c) a = 7.0 cm
59
(b) 60
(c) 57
Prep zone
(a)
1 (a)
y = 5x
x = 2
9 (a) B
(b) D
(c) A
(b) x = 1
(c) x = 45
10 (a) x = 5
(e) x = 0 (f) x = 2 1--211 (a) x = 9 (b) x = 19 (c) x = 1 --2912 (a) x = 2 1--6(e) x = 1 1--2-
(d) x = 3
(b)
(b)
(c)
17 (a)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
(b) a = 4
10 11 12 13
534
(b) S 8
(d) a 5
(a) d 1
(b) x 1
(c) y 3 1--3(a) (0, 0) and (5, 350) (b) 70
(c) 70 m/min
(d) d = 70t (e) 560 m
(a) 21, 22, 23 (b) 22, 24, 26, 28
length 17 m, width 12 m
V
(a) V = IR; V = 150
(b) R = ---; R = 13.04
I
2 89 + 16.50n 250; n 4.4 so at least 5 towels
(b) 80 km/h (c) 15 min
(d) 100 km/h
(f) 80 km/h (g) D = 80t
(h) 22 1--2- min
(i) 50 km
4(2x 3) 3(3x + 2)
25 ---------------------- = ----------------------- , x = 6
3
5
Replay (p. 306)
1 $447.50
2 (a) $4920
(b) $19 920
3 (a) $6.42
(b) $8.85
(b) 67.5 cm2
(c) 30 cm2
4 (a) 675 cm2
3
3
5 (a) 184 cm
(b) 1007.4 cm
(c) 310.8 cm3
6 (a) 35
(b) 144
7 (a) 9.8 m (b) 4.7 m
20
9
5
4
12
Th
F
Days of the week
Distance
from home (km)
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
50
Frequency
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
(b) C
t+r
ks w
14 (a) a = ---------(b) x = --------------xy
a
Frequency
Total
(d) x = 1
13 (a) B
16 (a)
Tally
|||| |||| |||| ||||
|||| ||||
||||
||||
|||| |||| ||
M
T
W
Th
F
(f) x = 8 1--5-
vu
15 (a) a = -----------t
Day
(d) x = 72
(c) x = 9
(b) x = 19
(p. 310)
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
am
noon
pm
Time
STEM | LEAF
3 | 9
4 | 7 8
5 | 2 5 7
6 | 4 6 6 7
7 | 0 1 1 4 4
8 | 1 2 3 4 8 8
9 | 0 6 9
median = 20.5; interquartile range = 8
median = 78.5, mode = 78

(e) One value, at either end of the data set, will have
an effect on the mean, but will do nothing to either
the median or the mode.
Exercise 7.1
(p. 312)
1 (a) nominal (b) nominal (c) quantitative
(d) quantitative (e) quantitative
(f) quantitative (g) nominal (h) nominal
2 (i) (c) discrete (d) discrete
(e) continuous (f) discrete
(ii) (a) categorical (b) categorical
(g) ordinal (h) categorical
3 (a) discrete (b) continuous (c) continuous
(d) discrete (e) continuous (f) continuous
(g) discrete (h) continuous
5 (a) B
(b) A (c) E
6 The results are discrete because there is a fixed,
countable number of values possible. There is no
doubt in the measuring process and no rounding off
is necessary.
7 The height recorded was an approximation that was
forced upon the measurer because of the limited
accuracy of the measuring device.
Exercise 7.3
Exercise 7.2
(p. 316)
1 (a) x = 3, median = 3, mode = 1
(b) x = 3.64, median = 4, mode = 4
(c) x = 14, median = 14, mode = 13
(d) x = 35.25, median = 35.5, mode = 36
(e) x = 4.67, median = 4, mode = 4
(f) x = 4, median = 3, mode = 1
(g) x = 15.4, median = 14, mode = 13
(h) x = 37, median = 36, mode = 36
2 (a) C
(b) B
(c) C
3 Julia should tell Sara that the cheapest house in her
sample is $194 000, the dearest is $365 000, the most
common price is $221 000 (although this only
represented two houses), the middle value of houses
is $255 950 and the mean price is $255 950. In
essence, the bulk of the houses in the sample were
between about $220 000 and $270 000. With this
information Sara should be able to decide if she can
afford to live in this area.
5 138
6 35
7 226 mm each month
8 (a) (i) 3, 3, or 3, 4 or 3, 5 or 3, 6 or 3, 7 or 3, 8
(ii) 3, 9 (iii) 3, 3
(b) Nomedian cannot be 3
9 (a) x = 13.85, median = 14, mode = 14
(b) x = 13, median = 14, mode = 14
(c) median, mode the same, x smaller
10 (a) x = 476.15, median = 470, mode = 470
(b) x = 496.92, median = 480, mode = 470
(c) Mode the same; mean changed by 21
11 (a) mean = 3.56, median = 3, mode = 2
(b) mean = 4.44, median = 3, mode = 2
(c) The mean increased by just under 25% while the
other two measures stayed the same.
(d) (i) mean = 15.6/16.6, median = 15.5, mode =
14 and 16 (ii) mean = 35.22/33.56, median = 35,
mode = 33 and 35 (iii) mean = 103.11/99.89,
median = 102, mode = 101 (iv) mean = 80.5/78.5,
STEM |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
STEM |
0 |
1 |
2 |
(b) STEM |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
STEM |
2 |
3 |
(a) STEM |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
18 |
(b) STEM |
16 |
17 |
18 |
(a) 30.5
(b)
(a) STEM |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Median = 58
(b) STEM |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Median = 35.5
(a) STEM |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
Median = 27
1 (a)
3
5
(p. 321)
LEAF
5 6 6 7
0 1 3
5 5 8
0 1 2 2
6 6
LEAF
5 6 6 7
0 1 3 5
0 1 2 2
LEAF
0 0 0 2
6 8 8 9
0 1 2
6 8
LEAF
0 0 0 2
0 1 2 6
LEAF
1 3
5 5 5 6
0 1 2 2
8 9
0 3
LEAF
1 3 5 5
0 1 2 2
0 3
58
4
LEAF
1 2 8
1 6 7 8
2 3 7 7
4
5 8
6 6
4
9
4 6 8 8 9 9
8
7 7 7 9 9
3
5 6 7 7 7 9 9
3 8 9
(a) D
(b) C
LEAF
2 3 8
0 1 4 7
1 2 8
2 7
LEAF
0 1 2 3
7 7 8
1 4
8
2
ans w e rs
535
STEM | LEAF
0 | 5 6 7 9
1 | 2 3
1 | 5 7 9
2 | 0 1 4
2 | 6 8
Median = 16
(a) STEM | LEAF
2 | 1 4 8
3 | 0 2 4 5
4 | 0 5
5 | 0 4 9
(b) Stem 3, which represents actual distances of
29 500 to 39 499 km inclusive.
(c) Sales representatives in the country will drive
more kilometres than the city representatives.
(a) 31
(b) 72
(c) 35
(a) STEM | LEAF
0 | 5 6 6 7
1 | 0 1 3
1 | 5 5 8
2 | 0 1 2 2
2 | 6 6
Median = 15
(b) STEM | LEAF
2 | 0 0 0 2 4
2 | 6 8 8 9 9
3 | 0 1 2
3 | 6 8
Median = 28
(a) STEM | LEAF
8 | 0 3 4 4 6 6 7 9
9 | 1 1 2 6 6 8 9
10 | 3 3 4 5 7 7 9
11 | 8
12 | 6 8
(b) Median = 96
(a) STEM | LEAF
16 | 1 3
16 | 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 9
17 | 0 1 2 2 3
17 | 8 9
18 | 0 3
(b) Median = 169 cm
(a) Students own answers
(b) You can add from 7 to 13 new values and still
have 24 as the median.
(a) 87.15
(b) STEM | LEAF
8 | 0 0 2 3 4
8 | 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9
9 | 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
(c) 87.5
(d) The approximate value is 0.4% larger
than the actual median.
(e) Rounding off does not seem to make a lot of
difference to the value found but the rounding was
not really significant itself. The loss of accuracy is of
no concern. There is no real time saving in this case
(b)
8
9
10
11
12
13
536
but the stem-and-leaf plot does make the

presentation of the data much neater.
Exercise 7.4
1 (a)
(b)
(c)
2 (a)
(i)
(i)
(i)
B
166
156
167
(b)
(p. 328)
(ii) 38 (iii) 14
(ii) 31 (iii) 12
(ii) 41 (iii) 15
D
(c) E
(d) B
(e) E
Punter
Lake
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
runs
Punter is a much more consistent scorer

(interquartile range of 35 compared with 55 for Lake).
Punter has a higher median (57) than Lake (45).
4 (a)
Danielle
Martina
116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184
number of shoes sold per day
(b) Danielle sold more shoes (3410); Martina (3342)

(c) Danielle has higher median (160) than Martina
(148.5) (d) Martina is more consistent
(interquartile range = 26) than Danielle (45).
5 (a)
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
IQR = 12
(b)
4
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
IQR = 12
6 (a)
120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150
number of chocolate bars
(b) interquartile range = 141 128 = 13

7 (a)
4
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
IQR = 13
(b)
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
IQR = 9
(b)
A
B
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
kg
Team A has a higher interquartile range (19) than B

(17) and a greater median (76 to 74).
10 (a) There is no left whisker, so it must be the same
value as the lower quartile. This indicates a cluster of
values at this point. (b) There does not appear to
be a median. It must be the same as either the lower
quartile or the upper quartile. There will be a cluster
of values at this point. (c) There are no whiskers.
This means there must be clusters of values at both
the lower quartile and the upper quartile.
11 (a)
females
9
2
males
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
(b) The following table shows the values calculated

for these data sets. (Not all of them were strictly
required by the question.)
mean
Males
min
lower median upper

quartile
quartile
max
IQR
1.8
76.37 73.97
75.405
76.15
77.205
79.26
Females 82.00 78.89
81.505
81.9
82.41
83.98 0.905
There is no questionfemales live longer than

males! There is only one figure for females that is
less than the maximum value for males. This is for
Melton, which also produced a low value for males
(less than the lower quartile). The female scores are
much more tightly bunched than the malesthis is
confirmed by the IQR.
(c), (d) & (e) Students own answers
(f) We would not expect every sample to give
exactly the same results but given the differences
between the data sets it would be surprising if any
sample gave the male life expectancy as greater than
that of females.
9 9 8
(b)
9 9 8 8
8 6
6
4
Exercise 7.5
1
(a)
(p. 335)
Blue cars
LEAF | STEM
8 3 2 |
2
7 4 1 0 |
3
8 2 1 |
4
7 2 |
5
|
6
|
7
Red cars
| LEAF
|
|
| 1 2 8
| 1 6 7 8
| 2 3 7 7 8
| 4
(a)
White cars
Yellow cars
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
|
0
| 2 3 8
|
1
| 4 5 8
|
2
| 1 5 6 7
8 |
3
| 0 3 4 5
9 |
4
| 2 4
5 |
5
|
4 3 1 1 |
6
|
6 5 2 2 |
7
|
8 7 2 |
8
|
6 0 |
9
|
Red lollies
Yellow lollies
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
3 2 1 0 |
2
|
8 7 7 |
2
|
4 1 |
3
|
8 |
3
|
2 |
4
| 2
|
4
| 7 7 8
|
5
| 1 2 3
|
5
| 6 7 8
|
6
| 1 4
|
6
| 8
Day 1
Day 2
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
1 | 12
| 1 2
8 6 6 5 | 12
| 6 6 7 8
4 3 3 0 | 13
| 0 3 3
8 6 | 13
| 6 7 8 9
3 2 2 0 | 14
| 0 0 1 1
6 | 14
|
0 | 15
|
Day 1
Day 2
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
6 6 5 1 | 12
| 1 2 6 6
4 3 3 0 | 13
| 0 3 3 6
3 2 2 0 | 14
| 0 0 1 1
0 | 15
|
Essendon
Richmond
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
8 |
6
|
9 7 4 |
7
|
8 6 2 |
8
| 4 5
4 2 |
9
| 2 5 5
5 2 | 10
| 3 4 4 7
5 | 11
| 6 8
0 | 12
| 2 9
Kim
Paul
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
4 4 |
1
| 1 3 4
8 7 6 |
1
| 6 8
4 2 1 0 |
2
| 1 3 4
8 5 |
2
| 7 8
2 |
3
| 4
|
3
| 6
9
7
9
9
4
7 8 9
7 8 9 9
4
ans w e rs
537
(b)
Profits
($ dollars 1000)
computer type 1
computer type 2
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Jan
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Sterling cars
Slick cars
8 Number sold
40
Shrimp Real Estate
35
Blacks Property Developers
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Houses Land Units
Type of real estate
9 9 7 7 7
3
10 (a)
Honda
Subaru
Mazda
YTD March 2002
Hyundai
Nissan
Mitsubishi
3 3 3 4 4
8 8 9 9 9
2
New car sales
Ford
Number of
vehicles
45 000
40 000
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
Toyota
538
3 3
9
11
Holden
4 4 3 2
9 8 8 7 7 7
Group A
Group B
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
3 1 | 16
| 0 1 4
6 5 5 5 | 16
| 7 9 9
2 2 1 0 | 17
| 0 0 0 3
9 8 | 17
| 7 7 7 9
3 0 | 18
| 0 0 2
Rugby players height (cm)
Eels |
|Broncos
| 16
| 8
4 1 0 | 17
|
5 | 17
| 5 6 8 8
1 0 0 0 | 18
| 0 0 2 2
7 6 5 5 | 18
| 5 5 5 8
2 0 | 19
| 0 0 1 2
5 | 19
|
9
3
8 8
4
(c) For the Eels

Height: mean = 183.6, lower quartile = 180,
median = 185, upper quartile = 187.5
Weight: mean = 95.64, lower quartile = 85.5,
median = 97, upper quartile = 104.5
For the Broncos
Height: mean = 184.2, lower quartile = 181,
median = 184.5, upper quartile = 189
Weight: mean = 94.8, lower quartile = 88,
median = 95, upper quartile = 102
As far as height is concerned the shortest player is a
Bronco and the tallest is an Eel. The mean slightly
favours the Broncos in height, but the median
slightly favours the Eels. However, the Eels are
slightly more spread out.
As far as weight is concerned both the lightest and
the heaviest players are Eels. The stem-and-leaf plot
shows the concentration of Broncos players in the
mid-weight range. The Broncos are slightly lighter
than the Eels.
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year
players weight (cm)

|
|Broncos
|
7
| 8 8
|
8
| 0
|
8
| 6 6 7 7
|
9
| 0 1 2 2
|
9
| 5 5 7 7
| 10
| 1 1 3 3
| 10
| 5 7 9
| 11
| 2
| 11
|
0 | 12
|
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Months
7 Numbers of cars
sold 1000
Rugby
Eels
7
3 1 0 0
8 6 5
3 1
7 6 5
4 4 1 0 0 0
5 5 5 5
0
YTD March 2001
Holden and Toyota have seen the biggest increases

in 2002 compared to 2001. Ford is relatively stable
while Mitsubishi and Honda sales have fallen, with
the drop for Honda being more significant than the
drop for Mitsubishi. It would appear that total sales
are upthe increases for Holden and Toyota should
more than compensate for the relatively small drops
seen for a number of manufacturers.
12 (a)
Motorcycle accidents
Number
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1999
2000
2001
Deaths
Minor injuries
Serious injuries
Exercise 7.6
1 (a)
Year
(b) The small number of fatalities compared to the

number of minor injuries makes this difficult to
draw. (c) The number of fatalities is on the
increase with this pattern repeated for serious
injuries. There is a slight decline in the number of
minor injuries. The significance of any of these
changes is not really shown in the graph because of
the scale required to fit in the number of deaths.
13 Students own answers, but note it would be easiest
to start from the median value and keep adding
values either side to get the desired result.
14 (a)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(b)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(c)
Bendigo
Ballarat
Geelong
Mornington Peninsula
Southeastern Melbourne
Outer-eastern Melbourne
Northeastern Melbourne
Northwestern Melbourne
Western Melbourne
Southern Melbourne
Mean
Median
1br
at
2br
at
2br
house
3br
house
$119
$113
$167
$155
$183
$172
$194
$189
Both Western Melbourne and Outer-eastern

Melbourne would do a good job of representing the
3
4
5
6
Number of staff absent
Frequency
4
5
6
Number of flaws
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2 (a)
(b) The trend is quite consistent: one bedroom flats

are the cheapest, followed by two bedroom flats,
then two bedroom houses, with three bedroom
houses being the most expensive. Inner Melbourne
is clearly the most expensive in each category. The
prices at the bottom end of the market are quite
close across several regions. The further out from
Melbourne, the cheaper the rent is a basic trend
coming through. The following table gives the mean
and median prices (to the nearest dollar) for each
type of dwelling.
Frequency
2br house
3br house
1br flat
2br flat
(p. 344)
Rental prices Victoria 2001
Inner-eastern Melbourne
Inner Melbourne
Rent ($)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
whole of Victoria. For all types of dwelling they are

quite close to both the mean and median rental price.
3
4
5
Number of goals
Frequency
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(b)
3
4
5
6
Number of staff absent
Frequency
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4
5
6
Number of flaws
ans w e rs
539
3 (a)
5 (a)
Frequency
25
20
15
10
5
911 1214 1517 1820 2123 2426
Number of students
(b)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

Height of students (cm)
Frequency
(b)
04
(c)
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
59 1014 1519 2024 2529

Number of patrons
Frequency
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

Arm span (cm)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(c)
02
4 (a)
25
35
68
911 1214 1517

Number in queue
12
10
8
6
4
2
160 170 180 190 200 210 220

Maximum length jumped (cm)
Frequency
6 (a)
20
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
15
10
5
911 1214 1517 1820 2123 2426
Number of students
(b)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Frequency
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

Height of students (cm)
(b)
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
04
540
Frequency
59 1014 1519 2024 2529

Number of patrons
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

Arm span (cm)
7 (a)
(e)
Frequency
8
Frequency
20
16
6
5
12
2
1
162.5 167.5 172.5 177.5 182.5 187.5 192.5 197.5
Mass of individual oranges (g)

0
(b)
3
4
5
6
Number of days absent
(f)
Frequency
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(c)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number of brothers and sisters
Frequency
16
Frequency
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Maximum temperature (C)
8 (a) B
(b) A
9 (a) A
(b) D
(c) C
10 (a)
Distance (km)
01.9
23.9
45.9
67.9
89.9
1011.9
12
8
4
Frequency
5
7
4
5
3
1
f = 25
8 13 18 23 28 33
Number of bird species sighted
(b) and (c)

Frequency
7
(d)
Frequency
20
6
5
16
12
3
2
01.9 23.9 45.9 67.9 89.9 1011.9

Distance (km)
75 125 175 225 275 325 375 425
Value of house ($000)
ans w e rs
541
(d)
Distance (km)
Frequency
02
24
46
68
810
1012
5
7
4
5
3
1
(c) There seems to be some variation from the rule

for these data.
(d) 186 cm; this is quite close to what the rule of
thumb would predict.
2 (a) and (b)
Head
circumference
(cm)
Birth weight vs head circumference
38
f = 25
(e) and (f)
37
Frequency
36
7
6
35
34
y = 0.0019x + 28.273
33
3
2
32
31
0
0
12
10
Distance (km)
(g) You cannot tell if the distances have been

rounded off to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or if
they are really continuous values. If the question
said the data had been rounded off then there would
be no confusion.
12 (a) 47
(b) 8090
(c) It is somewhere in the range 8090; you
cannot be more precise than this.
(d) It is somewhere in the range 140150; you
cannot be more precise than this. (e) 19
Exercise 7.7
(p. 350)
The answers to this Exercise are based on the equation
of the line of best fit given in Excel. If the graphs are
hand-drawn then different answers would be expected.
They could be some distance from the answers given
here.
1 (a) and (b)
19 year
height (cm)
192
Male height predictor
190
y = 1.6128x + 34.61
186
184
182
180
178
3000
4000
5000
(c) (i) 36 cm (ii) 4330 g (iii) 38 cm

(d) There seems to be a fair bit of variation from the
line of best fit predictions.
3 (a)
200 m (s)
23.5
23
22.5
22
21.5
21
20.5
20
19.5
9
100 m vs 200 m
10
11
12
13
100 m (s)
The scatter plot shows there is a close connection

between the times for these two distances. You could
use one to predict the other with some confidence.
(b)
100 m vs 5000 m
10
11
12
13
100 m (s)
176
88
542
2000
Birth weight (g)
5000 m (s)
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
188
1000
90
92
94
96
98
30-month height (cm)
This scatter plot indicates that there may be a

connection between the times for the two races but
it is not as strong a connection as for the other two

distances. Predictions could probably be made about
the other time given one of them but not with as
much confidence.
(c) The 100 m and 200 m are both sprints. The
record holder could be the same person, in fact. The
5000 m is a different type of race altogether. Some
countries seem to produce sprinters and others
produce middle to long distance runners. This effect
is being seen in the data.
4 (a)
Height (m)
Olympic High Jump
2.5
2
y = 0.0057x 8.9838
1.5
1
0.5
0
1892 1908
1924 1940
1956 1972
1988 2004
Year
1988: 2.35 m
1992: 2.37 m
1996: 2.39 m
2000: 2.42 m
(b) Most of these predictions are quite close, with
the 1996 value matching the prediction. The 1992
value is not close to predicted.
Height (m)
3
Olympic High Jump
2.5
2
y = 0.0058x 9.251
1.5
1
0.5
0
1892
1908 1924 1940 1956 1972 1988 2004

Year
(c) 2000: 2.35 m

(d) The prediction was exact. The problems come
from the fact that the height at the next Olympic
Games will not always be higher than the previous
games (e.g. as in 1992), but the line of best fit
predicts it will rise every time.
5 (a)
Mean Temp C
13.5
New Zealand 19712000
13
12.5
12
11.5
y = 0.00005x + 12.519
11
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
(b) A straight line does not seem to do much of a

job at all. The data appears to be cyclic with a
number of warm years followed by a number of cold
years and so on. The straight line just goes through
the middle of the data. It doesnt seem to be able to
cope with the annual fluctuation seen in these
temperatures.
(c) The Excel equation predicts constant
temperatures of around 12.5C.
(d) The actual figures are relatively close to the
predictions. This perhaps indicates that the longterm mean surface temperature for New Zealand
will remain around 12.5C. However, it does
nothing about predicting how far individual years
might be from the long-term average.
Chapter review
(p. 357)
1 (a) continuous (b) discrete
2 (a) 10th value (b) 11th and 12th values
(c) 55th value
3 (a) (i) 2 (ii) 4 (iii) 4.23
(b) (i) 130 and 149 (ii) 133 (iii) 133.83
4 (a) 76 (b) 171.5
5 (a) (i) Median = $1050
(ii) Range = 1450 550 = 900
(iii) Interquartile range = 1250 900 = 350
(b) (i) Median = $950
(ii) Range = 1300 600 = 700
(c) (i) Median = 205 km
(ii) Range = 235 170 = 65
(d) (i) Median = 165 km
(ii) Range = 230 140 = 90
6 minimum = 7, lower quartile = 13, median = 17,
upper quartile = 20.5, maximum = 25
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
ans w e rs
543
3540
4045
4550
Cobram
Foster
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
8 |
1
|
9 7 0 |
2
|
4 2 2 |
3
| 3
8 5 2 |
4
|
5 |
5
| 5
|
6
| 2 2 4 8
|
7
| 4 9
|
8
| 5
|
9
| 5
| 10
|
| 11
| 7
(b)
Frequency
1
0
0
12
6
1
(heights)
9 (a)
130 140 150 160 170 180 190 Height (cm)
Class interval
03
47
811
1215
1619
(b)
Frequency
5
7
5
7
4
Frequency
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
544
11 (The answers to this have been completed using the

rule for the line of best fit generated by Excel. If a
hand-drawn line of best fit is used then the answers
will be different.)
(a) and (b)
Carats vs Cost
y = 3713.5x 251.8
0.1
0.2
5.5
Class interval
2025
2530
3035
9.5
13.5 17.5
Number of cars
Frequency
4
3
3
0.3
0.4
Carats
(c) $490.90
12 (a) (i) 24.6 (ii) 10
(b) (i) 23.1 (ii) 16.5
(c) (i) 26.7 (ii) 18.5
(d) (i) 74.4 (ii) 45.5
(e) In each case the mean is quite a bit higher than
the median. This is because the top four countries
have done significantly better than the other six in
the table. Those results drag the mean towards
them. The median is not affected by the size of
individual results and in these cases probably gives a
more meaningful result.
13 (a) STEM | LEAF
1 | 9
2 | 1 9 9
3 | 3 3 5 5
4 | 2 3 8 9
5 | 3
(b) Median = 35 (35 000 km)
Interquartile range = 45.5 29 = 16.5
(c)
1.5
10 (a)
22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5

Weight of oranges (kg)
Price ($)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
(b) Frequency
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Frequency
6
5
4
3
2
1
8 (a) 169, 167, 167, 180, 167, 169, 165, 183, 161, 179,
163, 178, 171, 170, 137, 165, 172, 166, 172, 168
Height
131140
141150
151160
161170
171180
181190
6
4
5
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
km (000)
Astros
Comets
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
6 | 13
| 8
3 | 14
| 7 0
6 5 4 6 0 | 15
| 2 4
6 | 16
| 3 8
0 | 17
| 5 3
Astros
Comets
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
6 | 13
| 8
3 | 14
| 0 7
6 6 5 4 0 | 15
| 2 4
6 | 16
| 3 8
0 | 17
| 3 5
Median (Astros) = 155; Median (Comets) = 154
Astros: QL = 146.5, QU = 161
Comets: QL = 143.5, QU = 170.5
14
Wetlands
Flood Plains
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
|
1
|
9 7 0 |
2
|
4 2 2 |
3
| 3
8 5 2 |
4
|
5 |
5
| 5
|
6
| 2 2 4
|
7
| 4 9
|
8
| 5
|
9
| 5
| 10
|
| 11
| 7
16 (a)
(b) Frequency
(rainy days)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Astros
Comets
130
140
150
160
170
180
height (cm)
Astros have very similar heights in their team; there

is greater variation in height in the Comets. Overall
the average height is much the same (medians
similar). On average Comets are probably slightly
taller.
15 (a)
Employee 1
Employee 2
Wetlands
Flood Plains
17 Amount (litres)
Mondays
12
10
Tuesdays
Wednesdays
Thursdays
80
Fridays
60
120
4 5 6 7
Past 10 years
10
Consumption per head

of population
100
40
(b)
Frequency
Employee 1
Employee 2
20
1999/2000
1998/99
Wine
1997/98
(c) Employee 1 took off more Mondays and fewer

Wednesdays than Employee 2.
1996/97
Beer
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Days of the week
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
The consumption of both types of alcoholic beverage

has been relatively stable with a slight decrease
evident in the average consumption of beer and a
slight increase in the consumption of wine. Beer
made a very slight comeback in 1996/97 but then
continued its downward trend while wine fell a little
in 1993/94 but continued to increase after that.
18 (a) discrete
ans w e rs
545
(b)
Height (cm)
Frequency
145149
150154
155159
160164
165169
170174
(d) The prediction for 2000 is actually worse with

the additional data because the 1988 result has
dragged the line of best fit down a bit.
20 Juanita is 42, Carlos is 44, Carmelita is 20,
Enrico and Mercedes are 10 and Christos is 6.
21 The following table shows the values calculated for
these data sets. (Not all of them were strictly
required by the question.)
mean
min
lower median upper

quartile
quartile
(c) and (d)

Males
Frequency
8
max
59.51 39.42
51.68
58.39
73.19
76.12 21.51
Females 63.98 40.37
53.47
63.38
78.63
82.79 25.16
(a)
females
males
35
170174
165169
160164
155159
150154
145149
Height (cm)
19 (a)
Time (s)
12.4
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.8
1920
Women's 100 m sprint
y = -0.0194x + 49.41
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
1940
1960
1980
2000
Year
(p. 364)
(a) 7
(b) 10
(c) m4
$367.20
3 $640.75
(a) 22.02
(b) 15.5
(a) (x + 4)(x 4) (b) (3x 10)(3x + 10)
(c) 4(2x + 10) = 8(x + 5)
6 (a) 0.8
(b) 53
7 (a) 1--3(b) 1
1
2
4
5
(b) t = 2
8 (a) d = 8--3ty k
9 (a) x = ------------fgh
Women's 100 m sprint
12.4
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.8
10.6
10.4
(c) f = 16
er
(b) x = ----------ku
ds
(c) x = ----- + wq
y
10 (a)
y = -0.0188x + 48.143
(b)
5
(c)
1920
85
Replay
Predictions: 198810.8 s; 199210.8 s;

199610.7 s; 200010.6 s
(b) The predictions are not very accurate. The graph
points have flattened out towards the end and this
makes it difficult to make good predictions.
(c)
Time (s)
40
(b) There is no questionfemales live longer than

males! The male scores are more tightly bunched
than the femalesthis is confirmed by the IQR. The
difference between males and females is greater at
the top end of the scale. There is little difference
between the lower quartile valuesless than two
years but by the time we look at the upper quartiles
the difference is out beyond five years. This is also
reflected in the larger measures of spread for the
females. From the raw data we saw that the
countries that have a low male life expectancy also
have a low female life expectancy. However, the
differences there are not as great as the differences
between the two rates for countries where the values
are relatively higher.
(c), (d), (e) Student answers.
1940
1960
1980
200010.5
546
IQR
2000
Year
Mixed revision three
(p. 366)
1 (a) y-intercept = 7; gradient = 5

(b) y-intercept = 7; gradient = 2
(c) y-intercept = 8--5- ; gradient = 2--52 (a)
(b)
12 (a) discrete (b) continuous (c) discrete

13 (a) b = 4
(b) a = 15
(c) m = 4
14 (a) x-intercept = 12; y-intercept = 4
(b) x-intercept = 10; y-intercept = 15
(c) x-intercept = 7--2- ; y-intercept = 7--515 (a)
(b)
(c)
X
x=5
(c)
y = 2x 1
Y
20
16
12
8
4
(25 , 0)
(b)
420
(b)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
3
2
4
6
3
4
3
Frequency
0.5
18 (a) 5 goals
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
(b) 4.5 goals
5.5
Distance (km)
19 5.2 cm
20 (a)
0
4 X
40
50
60
70
80
90
(b) 26.5
-----(b) x = 12
(c) p = 2 16
21 (a) a = 3
31
22 66, 82 and 32
23 A
24
Y
10
8
6
4
2
(a) 12
(b) 16 (c) 7
(a) 5th
(b) 6th and 7th
(c) 20th and 21st
8
(b) t = 5
(c) r = ----(a) a = 7--327
Christie has $30, Justin has $15 and Andrew has $18
v(u j)
n+m
7 (a) x = -------------(b) x = -----------------(c) x = k-- gh
p
d
r
0.01.0
1.02.0
2.03.0
3.04.0
4.05.0
5.06.0
3
4
5
6
16 (a) x = 12
(b) x = 0.25
(c) x = 0.66
17 (a)
Distance
Frequency
8 (a)
(1, 1)
0
1
y=x+3
Rainfall (mm)
60
1999 vs 2002
50
4 8 12 16 20 24 X
40
30
(c)
Y
4
20
10
September
1999 (mm)
2002 (mm)
August
July
9 (a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 2 2--5- 10 56
(c) x 4
11 (a) x 7 (b) x 3
June
May
April
March
February
10 8 6 4 2
January
0 2 4 6 8 10 X
Month
2002 has certainly been much drier than 1999. Two

months, January and April, were almost identical but
months such as February and August reveal the
stark contrast between the months.
ans w e rs
547
25 (a) A scatterplot of the data indicates that there is

no real connection between the figures. There are
too many points well away from the expected places
for a connection to exist. (b) Not all samples
would necessarily give the same results. Any
particular sample could be biased.
1
Q( Rn 1 )
26 (a) P = -----n- A + ------------------------
(b) $87 590
R1
R
Chapter 8
Prep zone
1
2
3
5
6
(p. 372)
Students to draw own angles
(a) acute
(b) obtuse
(c) reflex
(a) 35
(b) 245
4 D
a = 46, b = 46, c = 46
(a) 163
(b) 64
(c) 70
(d) reflex
(p. 374)
1 (a) Triangles: AED; ABD; BCD
Quadrilaterals: ABCE; ABCD; ABDE
(b) Triangles: CBD; CAG
Quadrilaterals: BEFA; BDGA; DEFG
(c) Triangles: CBD; BAF; BDF; DFE; CAE
Quadrilaterals: CBFD; DBAF; BDEF; CBFE; BDEA;
CDFA
(d) Triangles: BGA; FEH; DCF; BFA; DEF; BCA; DCE;
BGC; DHE; BFD; DHC; BFC; CHF; AGF; CGF; ACF;
CEF; ACE
Quadrilaterals: ABDE; ABDF; EDBF; ABCF; DCFE;
CGFH; ABCE; EDCA
2
3
triangle
8
octagon
4
quadrilateral
pentagon
nonagon
10
decagon
hexagon
11
undecagon
heptagon
12
dodecagon
3 (a) D (b) A
(c) D
4 Many answers including traffic signs, coins and
company logos.
Exercise 8.2
(p. 378)
1 (a) 65
(b) 121
(c) 35
(d) 22
(e) a = 48; b = 84 (f) m = 29; n = 122
(g) 79.5
(h) 73.5
(i) x = 60, y = 60, z = 60
2 (a) 66
(b) 71.5
(c) 20
(d) 30
(e) 18
(f) 10
(g) 61
(h) 135
(i) 40
(j) 33
(k) 24
(l) 16
3 B
4 (a) D
(b) A
5 (a) a = 115; b = 40 (b) x = 121; y = 4
(c) p = 134; q = 29 (d) m = 118; n = 38
(e) p = 45; q = 90 (f) 31
6 28
7 25
8 Pairs of values add to 113
Exercise 8.3
(p. 382)
1 (a) 128
(b) 61
(c) 61
(d) 45
(e) 100
(f) 36.5
2 D
3 (a) C
(b) C
(c) D
(d) D
Exercise 8.4
(p. 386)
1 (a) Trapezium ABCD
(b) Kite ADCB
(c) Parallelogram ABCD
(d) Rhombus ABCD
7 (a) B
(b) C
(c) D
8 (a)
Exercise 8.1
548
4 Pairs must add to 137

5 (a) 120
(b) 100
(c) x = 75; y = 30
(d) x = 86; y = 8 (e) x = y = 100
(f) p = q = 61; r = 119
(g) a = 60; b = 70; c = 50; d = 130
(h) a = b = c = f = 60; e = d = 120
(i) x = q = 70; y = 70; z = 40
(j) a = 55; b = 45; c = 80; d = 45
(k) a = 120; b = 50; e = 60; c = d = 70
(l) m = 105; n = 38; p = q = 67; r = 75
6 a = 89, b = 80, c = 55
(b)
(c)
9 51
Exercise 8.5
(p. 388)
1 (a) 120 (b) 140
(c) 220
(d) 44
(e) 45 (f) 51
2 (a) D (b) C
(c) C
3 (a) 60 (b) 164
(c) x = z = 75; y = 105
(d) a = 42; b = c = 138 (e) 115
(f) 112.5
(g) x = 70; y = 75 (h) m = 93; n = 119
(i) x = 23; y = 140; z = 137
(j) a = 32; b = 50; c = 58
(k) a = 61; b = 34 (l) k = 36; p = 29.5
4 The sum of x and y should be 180.
(b) y = 40; x = 85
5 (a) 100
(c) x = 70; y = 110; z = 130
6 Three, because the four angles must add to 360 so
they cannot all be less than 90.
7 A parallelogram contains two pairs of parallel sides.
This definition also covers both a rhombus and a
rectangle. A rectangle is not necessarily a rhombus
because a rhombus must have all equal sides and a
rectangle may have equal sides (a square) but
generally doesnt.
8 (a) no, because it has a curved side
(b) no, not a closed figure
(c) no, this is actually two triangles
(d) yes, a closed straight-sided figure with four
sides
Exercise 8.6
(p. 393)
(a) yes (b) yes
(c) yes (d) yes
(a) yes (b) yes
(c) yes (d) yes
(a) D (b) E
(a) partial (b) perfect (c) partial
(d) partial
6 Yes, depending upon how it is drawn.
1
2
3
4
7 Not true. Concave, irregular quadrilaterals are

examples of quadrilaterals which will not tessellate.
8 All triangles will tessellate.
Exercise 8.7 (p. 397)

Students own answers.
Exercise 8.8
(p. 398)
(a) 1 : 1000 (b) 1 : 10 000 (c) 1 : 100 000
(a) B
(b) C
(c) B
(a) C
(b) C
(a) 400 km
(b) 4 km
(c) 400 m
(d) 4 m
(e) 20 cm
(f) 16 cm
5 (a) 1 : 1 000 000 (b) 1 : 10 000 000
(c) 1 : 4 000 000
6 (a) 1 : 4 000 000 (b) (i) 200 km (ii) 80 km
(iii) 24 km (iv) 600 km
(c) (i) 2 cm
(ii) 5 mm (iii) 0.5 mm (iv) 4 mm
7 A scale factor of 1 : 10 000 is as small as could be
used and still be seen, and 1 : 5000 is as large as
could fit in the rear seat of a car.
1
2
3
4
Exercise 8.9
(p. 403)
1 (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2
2 (b) 0.5 or 2 : 1
3 (b) 1 : 2
(d) 1 : 1.6
Exercise 8.10
(p. 406)
1 (a) SSS
(b) ASA
(c) RHS
(d) SAS
2 cf; ae; bd
4 Sides of different length
Exercise 8.11
(p. 409)
(b) 8
(c) 7.5
1 (a) 14
(d) 20
2 (a) 10
(b) 6
(c) 5 5--9(d) 26 2--53 (a) B
(b) A
(c) D
(d) E
5 5.25 m
6 316 2--3- cm
7 7.2 m
8 (a) Measure these three distances: from the stick to
the tree, the stick to the place on the ground you
look from, and the length of the stick. Use similar
triangles to find the height of the tree.
(b) The ground must be level, you need a clear view
of the tree, scouts may not be old enough to
understand this maths.
Chapter review
(p. 413)
1 C
2 (a) x = 139 (b) x = 77 (c) x = 36
(d) a = 66.5, b = 113.5, c = 37.5
3 (a) x = 30 (b) x = 34 (c) x = 16
4 (a) B
(b) D
(c) A
(d) C
5 (a) x = 134 (b) x = 103 (c) x = 103
(d) x = 43 (e) a = 53, b = 127, c = 127
(f) p = 93, q = 130
6 (a) False
(b) True
(c) False
8 105 km
(b) C
10 (a) 0.4 (b) 2.5
9 (a) B
11 (a) SSS
(b) SAS
12 B
13 (a) 5
(b) 9
14 They are all the same distance from the epicentre.
17 12.6 m
18 (a) yes
(b) no
(c) yes
(d) yes
19 triangle, square
Replay
(p. 418)
1 (a) $705
(b) $90.05
xy
xy
2 (a) A = ----(b) A = ----(c) A = --12- h (a + b)
2
2
3 9.86 m
4 (a) (y + 7)(y + 3)
(b) (d + 3)(c + 4)
(c) (t 4)(t 5)
5 (a) 33 (b) 57
(c) 70
6 (a) a = 8.5 cm (b) p = 30.4 cm
(c) y = 39.3 cm
(c) 1--27 (a) 2
(b) 1
55
----------8 (a) x = -----3(b) x = 13
(c) x = 13
4
3
9 (a) (i) 3.13 (ii) 2 (iii) 2
(b) (i) 15.64 (ii) 16 (iii) 11
10 STEM | LEAF
1
| 2 2
1
| 5 6 7 9 9 9
2
| 0 2 2 3
2
| 5 5 6 6 9 9
3
| 0 0 2 3 4 4
3
| 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 9
4
| 1 2 2 3 4
4
| 5 6 6 6
11
10
12
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
frequency
5
4
3
2
1
0
score
Chapter 9
Prep zone
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
3 (a)
(c)
4 (a)
5 (a)
(c)
(p. 422)
(i) 4 (ii) 5 (iii) 10
(i) 10 (ii) 18 (iii) 0 (iv) 0
(i) $16 (ii) $75
(b) (i) 4.5 m (ii) 3.2 m
(b) x2 + 7x + 10
3x2 + 12x
(d) x2 25
x2 4x 21
x(x + 2) (b) (x 4)(x + 4) (c) (x + 6)2
(x + 2)(x + 5) (b) (x 2)(x 3)
(x 14)(x + 1)
Exercise 9.1
(p. 425)
1 (b) (c) (f)

2 (a) Yes
(b)
r
r2
16
25
V = 3r 2
12
27
48
75
ans w e rs
549
(c)
7 (a)
V
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
V = 3r2
1 2 3 4 5
(d) (i) 18.8 m3 (ii) 43.3 m3

(e) (i) 3.2 m (ii) 4.7 m
(f) 30 m3
3 (a)
(b)
125
120
105
80
45
8 (a)
40
80
(b) 100 cm (c) 40 cm

(d) 5027 cm2
9 (a) 0
(b) 64 cm3
(c) 6 min
(d) 20 cm3
(e) 0 t 6, 0 V 132
1 2 3 4 5
Exercise 9.2
(c) 125 m
(d) 5 s (e) 96 m
(f) 29 m
(g) 3.2 s (h) 4.5 s (i) 35 m
(j) fifth second i.e. between t = 4 and t = 5 s
4 (a) B (b) E
(c) A
5 (a) Any expression like x2 + 2x
(b) Any expression like x + 5
(p. 430)
1 (a) (i) (1, 4) (ii) x = 1 (iii) 3
(b) (i) ( 3--2- , 1) (ii) x = 3--2(iii) 0 (iv) 3 and 0
2 (a)
(iv) 1 and 3
-4
-3
-2
-1
12
-3
-4
-3
12
(x, y) (-4, 12) (-3, 5) (2, 0) (-1, 3) (0, 4) (1, -3) (2, 0) (3, 5) (4, 12)
S
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
(b)
S = 3t2 30t + 135
2 4 6 8 10
135 km/h (c) 60 km/h

(d) 72 km/h
72 km/h (f) 2.4 min; 7.6 min
0.5 min; 9.5 min
0 t 1.35 and 8.65 t 10
y = x2 4
12
10
8
6
4
2
4 3 2 12 0 1 2 3 4
4
(d) minimum (e) x = 0 (f) (0, 4)

(c) (0, 4)
(i) 1.4; 1.4
(g) (2, 0) and (2, 0) (h) 6.2
(k) 5; 3; 3
(l) 0; 2; 2
(j) 3; 3
3 (a) x 5 4 3 2 1
0
1
2
y
550
1 2 3 4 5 6
h
100
80
60
40
20
h = 125 5t2
(b)
(e)
(g)
(h)
h = d2 + 6d
(b) 6 m
(c) 9 m
(d) 5 m
(e) 5 m
(f) 6.75 m
(g) 3.6 m
(h) (i) Yes (ii) No
h
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
6 (a)
9 h
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
20
20
(b)
(ii)
12
8
4
8
4
y = 2x2 6x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1-40
-8
-12
-16
-20
1 2
(b)
10
6 4 24 0 2 4
8
12
16
10
(iii)
18
y = x2 x 2
4
6
1
2 3 4 5 X
(c)
point
(d)
(e) (i) x = 1, 2 (ii) x = 2, 3 (iii) x 1.6, 2.6
(iv) x = 0.5 (v) no real x values
5 (a) C
(b) C
(c) A
7 (a)
Y
y = x2 + 6x + 10
20
16
12
8
4
7 6 5 4 3 2 14 0 1
(c) no x-intercepts, (0, 10)

(b) (3, 1)
(d) (i) x = 3 (ii) x = 6, 0 (iii) no real x values
(iv) x 6.7, 0.7
Y
4
3
2
1
y = x2 + 2x + 3
0 2 4 6
2
4 2
( 1--2- , -2 1--4- ); minimum turning

(1, 0); (2, 0); (0, 2)
8 (a) (i)
Y
6
4
2
Y
20
16
12
8
4
0
3 2 1
4
y = x2 + 3x 10
(c) ( 1 1--2- , 4 1--2- ); maximum turning point

(f) 4; x = 2, 1
(d) (3, 0); (0, 0) (e) 2; 1
(h) x = 3, 0
(g) x = 4, 1
4 (a) x 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
y
y = x2 + 4x
(b) (i) x = 5, 2 (ii) x = 0, 4

(iii) x = 1 (iv) x = 6, 3 (v) x = 2
(vi) x = 1, 3 (vii) x 5.5, 2.5
(viii) x 0.6, 3.4 (ix) x 1.4, 3.4
(b) x 1.4; the solution x 4.4 is
9 (a) x2 + 3x + 2
not feasible for a length measurement.
(c) length 3.4 cm, width 2.4 cm
Exercise 9.3
(p. 437)
1 (a) (i) narrower (ii) wider (iii) wider
(iv) narrower (b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) 4
(ii) --15- (iii) 7 (iv) --23(d) (i) narrower
(ii) wider (iii) narrower (iv) wider
2 (a) up 4 units (b) down 7 units
(c) down one unit (d) up 2 units
(e) down 8 units (f) up 5 units
(g) up --12- unit
(h) down --34- unit
3 (a) 5 units to the right (b) 4 units to the left
(c) 1 unit to the left (d) 7 units to the right
(e) 6 units to the left (f) 3 units to the right
(g) 2--3- unit to the right (h) 3--2- units to the left
4 (a) (i) dilation factor 2, moved right 1 up 3 (ii) (1, 3)
(b) (i) reflected in x-axis, dilation factor 3, moved left
2 down 1 (ii) (2, 1)
(c) dilation factor 4, moved left 3 down 2 (ii) (3, 2)
(d) (i) dilation factor 1--3- , moved left 5 up 3 (ii) (5, 3)
(e) (i) moved left 4, down 3 (ii) (4, 3)
(f) (i) dilation factor 2, moved left 3 up --12- (ii) (3, --12- )
5 (a) C
(b) B
(c) A (d) D
(e) E
(f) E
(g) D
6 (a) C
(b) B
(c) E (d) B
2 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
2
3
4
5
ans w e rs
551
7
Dilation
Reection in
x-axis
(a) y = (x + 1)2 + 2
(b) y = (x 3)2 + 1
Translation in
y-direction
1 unit left
2 units up
3 units right
1 unit up
4 units right
5 units down
(d) y = (x + 2)2 7
2 units left
7 units down
(e) y = x2 6
invert
6 units down
(c) y = (x
(f) y =
x 2
4)2
invert
2 units down
(g) y = (x 2)2 + 3
invert
2 units right
3 units up
(h) y = (x 5)2 + 2
invert
5 units right
2 units up
+4
by factor of 5 (narrower)
4 units up
(j) y = 3x2 5
5 units down
(k) y = 2(x + 5)2 3
5 units left
3 units down
(l) y = 5(x 6)2 4
6 units right
4 units down
3 units right
1 unit up
(i) y =
5x2
(m) y = --12- (x 3)2 + 1

(n) y = (x +
by factor of
+6
4)2
by factor of
1
--2
3
--4
(wider)
4 units left
6 units up
(o) y = 3(x + 6)2 4
invert
6 units left
4 units down
(p) y = 4(x + 1)2 3
invert
1 unit left
3 units down
3
--4
(wider)

(b) (0, 9)
9 (a) y = (x + 2)2 + 5
Y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(c)
(2, 5)
1
2
10 (a) y = 5(x 3)2 + 2

(c) y = (x + 2)2 + 3
(b) y = 1--3- (x 4)2 2
(p. 445)
1 (a) x = 0, x = 11 (b) x = 0, x = 8
(d) x = 0, x = 1
(c) x = 0, x = 5
(e) x = 4, x = 1 (f) x = 2, x = 6
(h) x = 4, x = 1
(g) x = 3, x = 7
(i) x = 0, x = 6 (j) x = 0, x = 5
(l) x = 3, x = 10
(k) x = 7, x = 2
(c) x = 4
2 (a) x = 8, x = 8 (b) x = 2, x = 2
(e) x = 1
(f) x = 9
(d) x = 7
(h) x = 10, x = 10
(g) x = 5, x = 5
(i) x = 1, x = 3 (j) x = 8, x = 7 (k) x = 0
(l) x = 0
(c) x = 0, x = 2
3 (a) x = 0, x = 6 (b) x = 0, x = 1
(d) x = 0, x = 5 (e) x = 0, x = --12(f) x = 0, x = 3
4 (a) x = 5, x = 5 (b) x = 9, x = 9 (c) x = 2, x = 2

(e) x = 6, x = 6 (f) x = 3, x = 3
(d) x = 4, x = 4
(c) x = 8
5 (a) x = 7
(b) x = 4
(f) x = 3
(d) x = 2
(e) x = 1
(b) (i) x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
6 (a) x = 0, x = 2
(ii) (x + 1)2 = 0 (iii) x = 1
7 (a) x = 2
(b) x = 6
(c) x = 3
(d) x = 1
(e) x = 0, x = 5 (f) x = 0, x = 3
(h) x = 0, x = 2
(i) x = 4
(g) x = 0, x = 1
(l) x = 9
(j) x = 5
(k) x = 7
8 (a) D
(b) B
(c) B
(d) A
9 (1, 0), (4, 0)
(b) (0, 0) (4, 0)
(c) (6, 0)
10 (a) (12, 0) (12, 0)
Exercise 9.5
Exercise 9.4
552
Translation in
x-direction
(p. 448)
1 (a) x = 2 or x = 1
(b) x = 6 or x = 3
(c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 1 or x = 9
(e) x = 5 or x = 6 (f) x = 4 or x = 2
(h) x = 7 or x = 1
(g) x = 8 or x = 3
(i) x = 5 or x = 9 (j) x = 4 or x = 8
(k) x = 5 or x = 3 (l) x = 2 or x = 8
(m) x = 6 or x = 2 (n) x = 1 or x = 2
(o) x = 1
(b) x = 4 or x = 3
2 (a) x = 6 or x = 2
(c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 1 or x = 8
(e) x = 5 or x = 10 (f) x = 7 or x = 6
(b) x = 6 or x = 2
3 (a) x = 4 or x = 3
(c) x = 7 or x = 9 (d) x = 8 or x = 3
(f) x = 3 or x = 5
(e) x = 3 or x = 2
(g) x = 10 or x = 5 (h) x = 3 or x = 9
(i) x = 6 or x = 11 (j) x = 1 or x = 5
(k) x = 8 or x = 2 (l) x = 7 or x = 3
4 (a) x = 5 or x = 2 (b) x = 1 or x = 3
(c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 7 or x = 1
(e) x = 4 or x = 4 (f) x = 3 or x = 3
(h) x = 7 or x = 6
(g) x = 6 or x = 1
(i) x = 0 or x = 12
5 (a) A
(b) E (c) B
(d) B
(e) B
(f) C
6 t = 0, t = 50 seconds
8 (a) 5C
(b) t = 2, t = 8
(c) 10 am, 4 pm
Exercise 9.6
1 (a) (i)
(iv) (4, 1)
(p. 452)
(ii) (0, 15)
Y
y = x2 + 2x + 3
4
3
15
(ii) (0, 25)
(e) (i)
(iv) (0, 25)
(iii) (3, 0), (5, 0)
(iii) (5, 0), (5, 0)
y = x2 8x + 15
5
y = x2 25
(ii) (0, 8) (iii) (2, 0), (4, 0)
(b) (i)
(iv) (3, 1)
25
3 5
(4, 1)
(ii) (0, 9)
(f) (i)
(iv) (0, 9)
y = x2 9
Y
0
y = x2 6x + 8
(iii) (3, 0), (3, 0)
0
1
2 (a)
y = x2 10x + 21
(ii) (0, 12) (iii) (2, 0), (6, 0)
(c) (i)
(iv) (2, 16)
Y
21
(2, 16)
12
y = x2 + 4x + 12
5
0
4
(b)
(d) (i)
(iv) (1, 4)
(ii) (0, 3) (iii) (1, 0), (3, 0)
12
y = x2 8x + 12
4
ans w e rs
553
(c)
(i)
Y
y = 3x + 6x
2
y = x2 + 2x 3
3
4
(j)
(d)
Y
y = 2x2 8x
0
1
y = x2 + 4x 5
(k)
Y
y = x2 16
(e)
Y
9
8
y = x2 + 2x + 8
16
(l)
Y
y = x2 1
(f)
y = x 2x + 15
Y
2
1615
(g)
(m)
y = x2 + 10x + 16
16
Y
y = x2 4x
0
(h)
(n)
1 0
y = x2 + 8x + 7
y = x2 + 6x
554
(o)
(t)
Y
y = x2 5x
y = x2 6x 5
6 14
1 0
(u)
1
2
y = x2 + 7x 12
1
4
3 4
(p)
Y
y = x2 + 4x 3
1
0
1 2
12
3 (b), (c), (e)

4 (a) E
(b) B
5 C
h = t2 + 10t
25
(q)
y = x2 + 6x + 9
7 (a)
(r)
10
(b) 25 m
T
(4, 31)
31
y = x2 + 10x + 25
25
(a) 10 s
T = 0.5h2 + 4h + 23
23
(s)
Y
y = x2 + 3x
2 14
3
2
(b) 23C
(c) 3 h and 5 h
(e) 4 hours
10
(d) 31C
ans w e rs
555
8 (a)
(a) B
(b) B
(c) D
(d) B
3s
6 y=3
7 after 2 min and after 8 min
7
(a) 6 cm
(b) 14 cm by 10 cm (c) 36 cm2
(d) 104 cm2
(e) 64 cm2
10 10, 10
4
5
8
9
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Chapter review
1
Y
8
4
4 240
8
(b) The graph does not touch or cross the x-axis

(c) Answers can be checked on graphical calculator.
Exercise 9.7
(p. 457)
1 length 12 cm, width 7 cm
3 4 or 5
(a)
(b)
(d)
2 (a)
2 x = 12
3
(a) y = (x 1)2 + 3
(b) y =
x2
+4
y = x2 2x 8
2 4 6
(2, 0), (4, 0), (0, 8)

(1, 9), minimum turning point (c) x = 1
5
(e) 3, 5
(f) 3, 5
(g) 2, 4
A
(b) E
(c) B
Dilation
Reection in
x-axis
Translation in
x-direction
Translation in
y-direction
1 unit right
3 units up
invert
4 units up
(c) y = (x + 2)2 1
invert
2 units left
1 unit down
(d) y = 3(x 4)2 + 2
4 units right
2 units up
1 unit right
1 unit up
invert
2 units left
2 units down
(e) y = 1--2- (x 1)2 + 1
by factor of
(f) y = 2(x + 2)2 2
4 (a)
(c)
(e)
5 (a)
(c)
(e)
6 (a)
(c)
(e)
(p. 462)
1
--2
(wider)
x = 0 or x = 4
x = 4 or x = 4
x = 0 or x = 8
x = 5 or x = 7
x = 9 or x = 1
x = 4 or x = 1
x = 1 or x = 5
x = 3 or x = 4
x = 8 or x = 4
(b) x = 7 or x = 1
(d) x = 3
(f) x = 6
(b) x = 3 or x = 2
(d) x = 1 or x = 8
(f) x = 1 or x = 3
(b) x = 6 or x = 1
(d) x = 3 or x = 3
(f) x = 4 or x = 3
7 (a)
(b)
Y
16
15
(c)
12
Y
y = 3x2 + 9x
y = x2 + 8x + 12
3
1 12
6 34
556
y = x2 + 2x + 15
(d)
Replay
(p. 466)
1 (a) 104 cm2
(b) 37.5 m2
(c) 103.5 cm2
2 Students own answer
3 (a) 35 (b) 52 (c) 61
4 1.2
Y
4
y = x 4x + 4
2
5 (a)
(b)
Y
x=5
y=0
0
8 (a) B (b) C
9 (a)
t
0
1
10
(b)
(c)
(d)
x = 2
Y
y=3
3
h
h = t2 + 6t + 1
10
8
6
4
2
X
0
(c) 9 m
(g) 5.9 s
(e) t: 2 t 4
(d) 1.3 s
10 (a) h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(f) 10 m
6 (a) m = 6
(b) n = 6
(c) a = 2
(b) a 30
(c) y 7
7 (a) x 12
8 (a) (i) 3.4 (ii) 3 (iii) 1
(b) (i) 18.45 (ii) 21 (iii) 21
9
h = d2 + 6d
frequency
9
3
2
1
0
(b) 9 m
(c) 6 m
11 (a) 10 x (b) A = x(10 x)
(c) A (m2)
(5, 25)
10 x (m)
(d) length 5 m, width 5 m

12 length 12 cm, width 5 cm
14 y = (x 3)2 + 5
(e) 25 m2
13 25, 25
10 (a) a = 60
score
(b) x = 35
(c) p = 12
Chapter 10
Prep zone
A = x2 + 10x
(p. 470)
1 (a)
--45
2 (a)
9----10
(b)
3 (a)
4
--5
(b) 1
(b)
--23
(c)
11
-----12
--47
(c)
(c)
(d)
17
-----30
7
--8
--34
(d)
(d)
5--8
5
--6
4 (a) 0.71
(b) 0.44
(c) 0.75
(d) 1.25
5 (a) 12.5%
(b) 40%
(c) 15%
(d) 133.3%
6 (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(b) spade, club, diamond, heart
(c) black, red
7 (a) 1--2(b) 3--8(c) 7--8-
Exercise 10.1
1
13----27
3 C
2 Elliot:
(p. 471)
3----;
10
Kris:
19
------ ;
75
Austin:
67-------150
4 E
ans w e rs
557
(c) E
--17
(c)
14 (a)
--57
(d) 1
(e) 0
(f)
--17
(f)
(g) 1, as expected, as these three outcomes cover all

possibilities.
7395-----7 (a) ----(b) 15
(c) ----(d) ----(e) ----26
26
26
26
13
(f) 0
8 (a) 50
4--5
(iii)
1
-----50
(iv)
(c) (i) 0.20 (ii) 0.24
23
-----25
(iii) 0.02
Exercise 10.2
(p. 475)
1 (a) experiment 4; 0.17 (b) experiment 5; 0.06
(c) experiment 1; 0.17 (d) experiment 2; 0.10
(e) peach; experiment 2; 0.05
(f) pear; experiment 4; 0.25
2 (a) E
(b) B
3 (a) D (b) B
(c) Die 1, Die 4, Die 2, Die 3, Die 5
(d) Die 4, Die 5, Die 3, Die 2, Die 1
1 (a)
15
-----23
2 (a)
4--9
3 (a)
5----13
7
--8
6 (a)
7 B
11 (a)
558
(b)
--13
8B
--13
1--4
5----18
8----13
(b)
1
-----------1000
5 (a)
12 (a) C
13 (a)
(b)
(b)
9
(b)
--35
3----10
--23
(b) A
(b)
11
-----20
1----18
(c)
(c)
1----13
(b)
(c)
10
(c)
11----15
999
-----------1000
(d)
--13
(e)
--56
(f)
--12
(d)
1--5
(e)
4--5
(f)
1--2
(c) D
(c) 1
(c)
re
red
gre
red
green
en
ow
br
en
gre
brown
br
ow
n
17 Students own answers, but: 5050 = 50%;

certain = 100%; impossible = 0%
Exercise 10.4
1 (a)
1
--5
(b)
(p. 486)
1
-----25
3
--5
(c)
21
-----25
(d)
2 (a) Prawn, Lamb; Prawn, Fish; Prawn, Beef; Prawn,

Pork; Prawn, Poultry; Oysters, Lamb; Oysters, Fish;
Oysters, Beef; Oysters, Pork; Oysters, Poultry;
Pt, Lamb; Pt, Fish; Pt, Beef; Pt, Pork, Pt,
Poultry; Satay, Lamb; Satay, Fish; Satay, Beef; Satay,
Pork; Satay, Poultry
1(b) (i) ----(ii) --25(c) --3520
1
7
3 (a) ----(b) ----(c) 1--4(d) 3--416
16
4 (a) A
(b) C
(c) D
5 (a) FGI,M FMI, FBoI, FDI, FGB, FMB, FBoB, FDB,
FGGr, FMGr, FBoGr, FDGr, etc.: 36 in total
1
(b) (i) ----(ii) 4--9- (iii) 2--3- (iv) 2--3- (v) 4--9- (c)
36
Exercise 10.5
--35
(d)
5----12
--16
(c) 8.5%
(f) 11.8%
(i) 5.7%
(b)
blue
orange
--29
(j)
1
--9
(c) There is only one way it can happen: GGG

(d) What is the probability that all the faces will be
blue? and What is the probability that all the faces
will be red?
(e) The complementary question to the statement
in (b) would actually be: What is the probability that
not all of the faces are green?
1
-----23
(c)
20.2%
24.5%
5.8%
--45
(i)
1--9
(e)
116 (a) 48
(b) (i) ----(ii) ----(iii) 1--3(c) 12
48
12
8 (a) H, T
(b) 2 (c) HH, HT, TH, TT
(d) 4
(e) HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT
(f) 8
(g) Yes. To find the number of events for a
combination you multiply together the number
possible for each event within the combination.
1 (b) ----------9 (a) 38 = 6561
6561
(p. 480)
8
-----23
(h) 0
4----45
brown
(iv) 0.92 (v) 0.50 (vi) 0.80

(d) (i) 20%
(ii) 24% (iii) 2% (iv) 92% (v) 50%
(vi) 80%
Students own answers
(a) (i) 72.1 years (ii) 72.8 years (iii) 73.8 years
(iv) 76.7 years (v) 80 years (vi) 84.6 years
(b) As you get older your expected age at death
increases.
(c) 1--4- (half of a half)
(d) Insurance companies; it helps them set the
premiums for policies.
The coach is wrong. Pr(success) = 2--3- for every throw
6- = --3(a) ----14
7
(b) The dimensions of the cube do not matter,
Pr(square face down) = 0.638
(c) You could make a cube and roll it a large number
of times to check the results.
Exercise 10.3
15 (a) 28.3%
(b)
(d) 36.2%
(e)
(g) 15.9%
(h)
16 Sample answers:
(a)
(d)
red
11
12
(vi)
6
-----25
(ii)
(g)
1--5
(c)
red
9
10
1--2
1
--5
22
-----45
1--3
(b)
red
(v)
(b) (i)
1----45
13
-----15
yel
low
(b)
bro
wn
(b) C
--17
6 (a)
bl
ue
5 (a) B
(p. 492)
1 (a)
--38
(b)
--18
(c)
--12
2 (a)
4
--5
(b)
1
--2
(c)
7
-----10
3 (a)
7--9
(b)
5--9
(c)
2--3
4 (a)
1--3
(b)
1--2
(c)
5--6
(d)
--58
(d)
2--3
(e)
--12
(f)
--58
5 (a)
6 B
7 (a)
(f)
(k)
8 (a)
1----15
(b)
8----15
(b)
1--4
15
-----52
15
-----26
3--5
(c)
7----30
(d)
(e)
1--3
7----30
(f)
3 (a)
(g)
(l)
2----13
(c)
7----26
(d)
12
-----13
(h)
5----26
(b)
3--4
(e)
3
--4
(i)
(j)
3----13
11
-----13
5 (a)
red die
1, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
5, 1
6, 1
1, 2
2, 2
3, 2
4, 2
5, 2
6, 2
1, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4, 3
5, 3
6, 3
1, 4
2, 4
3, 4
4, 4
5, 4
6, 4
1, 5
2, 5
3, 5
4, 5
5, 5
6, 5
1, 6
2, 6
3, 6
4, 6
5, 6
6, 6
1
--6
(ii)
--16
(c) (i)
11
-----36
(ii)
5
-----18
(iii)
5----36
(iii)
(iv)
7
-----18
5
-----18
(v)
7
-----18
(vi)
5
-----12
Exercise 10.6
(p. 501)
1 Answers will vary according to the results of the
simulation but Anil should get approximately
19 sleep-ins.
2 (a) Answers will vary according to the simulation
results but the table should approximately be
Two
girls
Two
boys
A boy
and
a girl
10
10
20
1
--4
1
--4
1
--2
(b) There should be approximately twice as many

families with a boy and a girl as there are families
with two boys. Only one outcome produces two
boys (a boy then a boy) whereas for a boy and a girl
there are two outcomes (girl/boy or boy/girl).
3 (a) (i) 1.1 (ii) 4.4 (iii) 6.6 (iv) 24.24
(b) In the long run a 5 occurs once every six rolls.
The other five numbers will average out to be
1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 = 16.
4 (a) Students own answers
(b) 6
(c) no upper limit in theory
(d) Probably let each face of a die represent one of
the animals (e)(f) Students own answers
Chapter review
1
2 (a)
3----20
(p. 504)
(b)
11
-----12
(ii)
5
--8
(c)
2--5
(d)
(e)
3--4
(iii)
1
--2
(d)
7----10
(f)
(iv)
1--2
1--4
7
--8
(e)
Sedan
Wagon
Coupe
van
1
-----20
(ii)
(b) 1--6-
4
--5
2
--5
(iii)
(c) 1--4-
9 (a) Students own answers, but will probably

indicate the use of a die to test each egg. A cracked
egg could be represented by a 1, for instance.
(b)(d) Students own answers
10 (a)
green die
(d) Yes, but C and D are the only mutually exclusive

pair
Number of families
Estimated probability
1
--2
(b)
(b) (i)
18 (a) ----36
5----18
(iv)
1--9
White
Black
Red
Yellow
Silver
(b) (i)
3
--8
blue die
blue die

10 (a)
(b) (i)
(c) 0
11428106 (a) (i) ----(ii) ----(iii) ----(iv) ----29

29
29
29
(b) (i) 0.03 (ii) 0.48 (iii) 0.97
(iv) 0.34
7 (a)
Station
Panel
4----13
(c)
3----10
(b)
4 (a) 36
1--2
3
-----52
4----13
(d) You can write out the sample space or use

Pr(either) = Pr(left) + Pr(right) Pr(both)
19----------(e) ----(f) 11
(g) 21
(h) ----26
13
26
13
10
-----13
1----10
(b) (i)
(v)
19
-----25
1, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
5, 1
1, 2
2, 2
3, 2
4, 2
5, 2
1, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4, 3
5, 3
1, 4
2, 4
3, 4
4, 4
5, 4
1, 5
2, 5
3, 5
4, 5
5, 5
2
-----25
(ii)
(vi)
21
-----25
19
-----25
(iii)
(vii)
4----25
2
--5
(iv)
(viii)
21
-----25
4--5
(c) NoPr(5 on green) + Pr(3 on blue)

Pr(5 on green or 3 on blue)
(d) and (e) Students own answers
Replay
1
2
3
4
(p. 507)
(a) 415.6 cm2
(b) 266.1 cm2
(c) 9.2 mm2
(a) (x + 7 )2
(b) (x 3)2
(c) (2x + 5)2
41.6 m
Erin is 8 and Joanne is 32
5 (a)
(b)
(c)
8
1
6 (a) continuous (b) discrete

(c) discrete (d) continuous
7 (a) 120
(b) 160 (c) 118
8 (a) 42 (b) 24
(c) x = 4 or 4
9 (a) x = 0 or 7 (b) x = 0 or 3
(c) x = 3 or 5
10 (a) x = 3 or 5 (b) x = 4 or 2
11 x = 11 or 12
1--4
ans w e rs
559
Mixed revision four
(p. 509)
(b)
Y
5
2
y = x2 + 1
(b)
1
--5
(b)
6 (a)
(c)
3
-----10
1
2--5
1
--2
(b) x =
1 0
10 X
40
60
80
y = 2x2
100
2 X
(c)
(c) x = 4
or 3--2-
(c) t = 10
1, 2
2, 2
3, 2
4, 2
5, 2
6, 2
1, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4, 3
5, 3
6, 3
1, 5
2, 5
3, 5
4, 5
5, 5
6, 5
1, 7
2, 7
3, 7
4, 7
5, 7
6, 7
11
1, 11
2, 11
3, 11
4, 11
5, 11
6, 11
13
1, 13
2, 13
3, 13
4, 13
5, 13
6, 13
(iii)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
1----18
(b) 1 : 1 000 000

10
27
8
6
28
4
2
0
15 (a)
5----36
(ii)
rst die
second dice
20
14 (a) 1 : 250 000
10
560
4
5--3
13 (a)
11 (a) 65
(b) 245
(c) 70
12 (a) 1--6(b) 0
(c) 1--2-
12
8 (a) x = 6
(b) y = 40
9 (a) RHS (b) SAS
9-----10 (a) ----(b) 3--4(c) 11
16
16
1--2
7 (a) x = 0 or 9
(b) (i)
0
1
5 (a) 5
10
1
2
Y
20
1 Triangles: ABC, AGC, GDF, DFE

Quadrilaterals: ABCG, GDEF, FDCA
2 (a) x = 75 (b) y = 10 (c) p = 152
6----------3 (a) ----(b) 10
(c) 15
19
19
19
4 (a)
(b)
(a) 12
(b) 15
It has been flipped/reflected over the x-axis.
7.15 m
(a) x = 4 (b) w = 1 (c) h = 2
Students to produce their own construction
(a) 2.4%
(b) 22.7%
(c) 26.3%
(d) 33.3%
Students to produce their own construction
274(a) ----(b) ----(c) 3--4(d) ----13
26
13
(a) 1 : 1 000 000 (b) 1 : 500 000
(c) 1 : 2 000 000
The number could be 8 or 10
a = 360 (f + g + h); b = 360 (e + g + h);
c = 360 (f + e + h); d = 360 (f + g + e)
So, a + b + c + d = 1440 (f + g + h + g + h + e + h + e
+ f + e + f + g)
= 1440 3(e + f + g + h)
= 360
(a) y = 3(x 4)2 2
(b) Dilated by a factor of 2, reflected in the x-axis,
and moved 7 units up.
Need to draw a spinner with 31 equal pieces: 16
green, eight blue, four brown, two pink and one red.

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HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 513 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

Solutions to Laugh Zones, Maths in Actions, Maths@Works,

-----------(f) 632 1631

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 514 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(a) 15 625 (b) 78 125

(c) 6 103 515 625

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 515 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(b) July $531; August $531; September $910;

(b) Card B is better if you think you will need to

Vic NT SA WA Tas Qland ACT NSW

3.83 3.4 3.42 2.92 2.84

(b) $400 000: 4.9%

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 516 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(i) 5 m (ii) 1.6 mm

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

3 (a) 700 cm2

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 517 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(b) 3848.45 cm2

1 (a) (i) $83.20 (ii) $883.20

Mixed revision one

(b) For right-angled triangles, allowing for

1296 1296 2601

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 518 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 519 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

10 (a) (i) x2 (ii) x 4 (iii) x 2 (iv) (x 2)(x 4)

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 520 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(c) (i) 12b2

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 521 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(b) (50 + 2x) cm (c) 2(25 + x)

H(L1 L2)(L1 + L2)

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 522 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(c) (i) t = 42.13 cm (ii) b = 51.68 cm

3 (a) (i) x = 10 km (ii) p = 39 cm (iii) n = 0.7 cm

2 (a) 0.59 (b) 0.81

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 523 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

Mixed revision two

Replay (p. 236)

1 (a) (g 12)(g + 12) (b) 4(3 f)(3 + f)

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 524 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(d) Not linear

(c) Not linear

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

0 0.95 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 525 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(c) Yes, as the graph is a straight line

180 280 380 480 580

(c) Yes (d) W = 80 + 100n

9 Sample answers: A(1, 4) and B(4, 2), A(7, 12) and

85 170 255 340 425 510 595

(d) 3.5 min

(e) 11.8 min

8 (a) Distance (m)

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 526 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

(b) The y-coordinate is 2.

(b) (i) 2, 2 (ii) 3, 3 (iii) 1--2- , 1 (iv) 2, 6

(f) (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 6

(b) The x-coordinate is 3.

HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE

All points must have 0 as the y-coordinate.

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 527 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM