FUTURITY

TENSE
1. Simple Future

FORM
A:S+shall/will+V(1) I:Shall/will+S+V(1)? N:S+shall/will+not+V(1) A:S+shall/will+be+V-ing I: Shall/will+S+be+V-ing? N: S+shall/will+not+be+V-ing A: S+shall/will+have+V(III) I: Shall/will+S+have+V(III) N:S+shall/will+not+have+V(III)

USAGE
-to express a habitual/repeated future action. -to express a future action which develops at a given moment (e.g., at this time tomorrow / next Sunday etc.) -to express a future action prior to: a)Another future action; b)A future moment of reference. -to express a future action which started : a) before another future action; b) before a future moment of reference and which is still carried out at that particular moment.

EXAMPLE
I shall /he tomorrow. will go

OBS.
there Shall is used only for the first person.

2.

Continu ous Future

We shall/they will be visiting Paris at this time next Sunday.

3.

Future Perfect Simple

I shall have read the newpaper: a)by the time mother comes home. b)by 10 o`clock. I shall have been reading for The meaning of the two hours: example is: Ill a) when mother comes home. start reading two b) tomorrow at 5 oclock. hours before mother comes and,when she comes, Ill still be reading.

4.

Future Perfect Continu ous

A: S+shall/will+have+been+V-ing I: Shall/will+S+have+been+V-ing N:S+shall/will+not+have+been+V-ing

5.

Present Simple

A: S+V(I)/V-(e)s I: Do/does+S+V(I)? N: S+ do/does+not+V(I).

6.

Present Continu ous

A: S+be[Present]+V-ing. I: Be[Present]+S+V-ing? N: S+be[Present]+V-ing.

a) to express a future action included in a programme[e.g., the train timetable / the school timetable etc.]; b) in a time clause, to expresss a future action simultaneous to another future action. - to express a planned future action.

The train to Bucharest leaves The verb adds the railway station tomorrow (e)s in the third at 5 a.m. person, singular. b) I shall be very happy when I see him.
a)

7.

Present Perfect

A: S+have[Present]+V(III). I: Have[Present]+S+V(III)? N: S+ have[Present]+not+V(III). A: S+would+V(I). I: Would+S+V(I)? N: S+would+not+V(I). A: S+would+be+V-ing. I: Would+S+be+V-ing? N: S+would+not+be+V-ing.

In a time clause, to express a future action prior to another future one.

8.

Simple Futurein-thePast Continu ous Futurein-thePast

9.

- in Indirect Speech, instead of Simple Future, when the verb in the main clause is in the Past. - in Indirect Speech, He said he would be visiting instead of Future Paris at that time the next Continuous, when the verb Sunday. in the main clause is in the Past.

I am going to the seaside next Even though it is summer. not summer yet, Ive planned to go, so the action can be expressed with Continuous Present. Ill go out after I have eaten my Since Future is not cake. allowed in time clauses, Present Perfect is used instead. He said he would go there the next day.

10. Future Perfectin-thePast. Simple Aspect.

A: S+would+have+V(III). I: Would+S+have+V(III)? N:S+would+not+have+V(III).

- in Indirect Speech, instead of Simple Future Perfect, when the verb in the main clause is in the Past.

He said he would have read the newspaper a)by the time mother came home. b)by 10 o`clock.

11. Future Perfectin-thePast. Continu ous Aspect 12. Past Tense Simple 13. Past Tense Continu ous

A: S+would+have+been+V-ing. I: Would+S+have+been+V-ing? N:S+would+not+have+been+V-ing. A: S+V(II)/V-ed I: Did+S+V(I)? N: S+ did+not+V(I). A: S+be[Past]+V-ing. I: Be[Past]+S+V-ing? N: S+be[Past]+V-ing.

- in Indirect Speech, He said he would have been instead of Continuous reading for two hours: Future Perfect, when the a) when mother came home. verb in the main clause is b) the next day at 5 oclock. in the Past. - in Indirect Speech, instead of Simple Present, when the verb in the main clause is in the Past. - in Indirect Speech, instead of Continuous Present, when the verb in the main clause is in the Past. - in Indirect Speech, instead of Present Perfect, when the verb in the main clause is in the Past. She said she would be very happy when she saw him. He said he was going to the seaside the next summer

14. Past Perfect.

A: S+have[Past]+V(III). I: Have[Past]+S+V(III)? N: S+ have[Past]+not+V(III).

He said he would go out after he had eaten his cake.

15. To

be

- to express an action I am going to pay him a visit To be going to also

going to 16. To be about to

17. To to

be

which will happen in the tomorrow. near future. - to express an action It is about to rain. which is on the verge of happening - to express a future action He is to come in a few minutes. which is bound to happen.

has the meaning of intention.

To be to is also an equivalent of the modal verb must; the difference of meaning comes out of the context in which it is used.