Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

1) Files
#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>
using namespace std; void print_something(ostream& s) { s << "something" << endl; } int main() { // Open files ifstream in_file; ofstream out_file("output.txt"); in_file.open("input.txt"); // Test if the files were opened if (!in_file) { cout << "ERROR" << endl; return 1; } if (!out_file) { cout << "ERROR" << endl; return 1; } int i; // Read and write to the files in_file >> i; out_file << "Test" << endl; print_something(out_file); // Close the files in_file.close(); out_file.close(); return 0; }

Can open using the constructor, or with the function open

Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

2) Using exceptions
(example from www.cplusplus.com) #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main () { ifstream file; This function causes the specified errors to be thrown as exceptions

file.exceptions(ifstream::eofbit | ifstream::failbit | ifstream::badbit); try { file.open("test.txt"); while (1) file.get(); } catch (ifstream::failure e) { if (!file.eof()) cout << "Exception opening/reading file: " << e.what() << endl; } file.close(); return 0; }

3) Output formatting
int main() { // Using flags: // This command clears all flags of ios_base::basefield and sets ios_base::hex cout.setf(ios_base::hex, ios_base::basefield); cout << "n = " << 26 << endl; // "n = 1a" // This command clears all flags of ios_base::basefield cout.unsetf(ios_base::basefield); // Using manipulators: cout << "n = " << fixed << setprecision(4) << 25.5 << endl; }

// "n = 25.5000"

Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

4) Serialization (Object to files) Example from the lecture

employee.h // employee.h //========= #include <string.h> class employee { char* m_name; float m_salary; public: employee(); employee(const char* name, float salary) :m_name(new char[strlen(name)+1]), m_salary(salary) { strcpy(m_name, name); } } virtual ~employee() { delete[] m_name; } employee(const employee& e) { m_name = NULL; *this = e; } const employee& operator=(const employee& e) { if (&e != this) { delete[] m_name; m_name = new char[strlen(e.m_name)+1]; strcpy(m_name, e.m_name); m_salary = e.m_salary; } return *this; } employee(ifstream& input_file); void SaveType(ofstream& output_file) const; virtual void Save(ofstream& output_file) const; virtual void Print() const; }; employee::employee(ifstream& input_file) { // read the length of the name field and the name int name_len; input_file.read((char*)&name_len, sizeof(name_len)); m_name = new char[name_len+1]; input_file.read(m_name, name_len); m_name[name_len] ='\0'; input_file.read((char*)&m_salary, sizeof(m_salary)); } void employee::SaveType(ofstream& output_file) const { // create the type code (2 characters) char type[2]; strncpy(type, typeid(*this).name()+6, 2); output_file.write((const char*)type, 2); } void employee::Save(ofstream& output_file) const { // save the name field length, the name and the salary int name_len = strlen(m_name); output_file.write((const char*)&name_len, sizeof(name_len)); output_file.write((const char*)m_name, name_len); output_file.write((const char*)&m_salary, sizeof(m_salary)); } void employee::Print() const { cout<<"Employee Name: "<<m_name<<endl; cout<<"Salary: "<<m_salary<<endl; } // Get all the fields cout<<"Name: "; cin>>in_name; m_name = new char[strlen(in_name)+1]; strcpy(m_name, in_name); cout<<"Salary: "; cin>>m_salary; employee.cpp // employee.cpp //=========== #include <iostream.h> #include <fstream.h> #include <string.h> #include <typeinfo.h> #include "employee.h" employee::employee() { char in_name[80];

Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

manager.h // manager.h //======== #include <string.h> class manager : public employee { int m_level; public: manager(); manager(const employee& em, int level) :employee(em), m_level(level) {} manager(ifstream& input_file); virtual void Save(ofstream& output_file) const; virtual void Print() const; }; manager.cpp // manager.cpp //========== #include <iostream.h> #include <fstream.h> #include <string.h> #include <typeinfo.h> #include "employee.h" #include "manager.h" manager::manager() { //(The employee c'tor will be read automatically) cout<<"Level: "; cin>>m_level; } manager::manager(ifstream& input_file) : employee(input_file) { input_file.read((char*)&m_level, sizeof(m_level)); } void manager::Save(ofstream& output_file) const { // first use the base class save employee::Save(output_file); // save the level field output_file.write((const char*)&m_level, sizeof(m_level)); } void manager::Print() const { employee::Print(); cout<<"Level: "<<m_level<<endl; }

hr_db.h // hr_db.h //====== class employee; class hr_db { int m_list_size; employee** m_list; hr_db(const hr_db& e){} const hr_db& operator=(const hr_db& e){} public: hr_db(int list_size) : m_list_size(list_size) { m_list = new employee*[m_list_size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < m_list_size ; i++) m_list[i] = NULL; } virtual ~hr_db() { // first free all employees objects on the list FreeEmployees(); delete[] m_list; } void InputEmployees(); void PrintEmployees(); void Load(ifstream& input_file); void Save(ofstream& output_file) const; void FreeEmployees(); };

Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

hr_db.cpp // hr_db.cpp // ======= #include <iostream.h> #include <fstream.h> #include "employee.h" #include "manager.h" #include "hr_db.h" void hr_db::InputEmployees() { int in_type; for (int i = 0; i < m_list_size ; i++) { // Get the type cout<<"Please enter employee type (1: epmployee, 2: manger)"; cin>>in_type; switch (in_type) { case 1: // employee m_list[i] = new employee(); break; case 2: // manager m_list[i] = new manager(); break; } } } void hr_db::PrintEmployees() { cout<<"Employees List"<<endl; cout<<"=============="<<endl; for(int i = 0 ; i < m_list_size ; i++) { m_list[i]->Print(); cout<<endl; } }

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hr_db.cpp cont void hr_db::Load(ifstream& input_file) { char type[2]; for(int i = 0 ; i < m_list_size ; i++) { // read type to construct input_file.read((char*)type, 2); // construct the appropriate object if(strncmp(type,"employee", 2) == 0) m_list[i] = new employee(input_file); else if(strncmp(type,"manager", 2) == 0) m_list[i] = new manager(input_file); } } void hr_db::Save(ofstream& output_file) const { for(int i = 0 ; i < m_list_size ; i++) { m_list[i]->SaveType(output_file); m_list[i]->Save(output_file); } } void hr_db::FreeEmployees() { for(int i = 0 ; i < m_list_size ; i++) { delete m_list[i]; m_list[i] = NULL; } }

Class Exercise 10: Files

Object-Oriented Programming (83-131), 5771

main.cpp #include <iostream.h> #include <fstream.h> #include "hr_db.h" void main() { hr_db MyEmployees(2); ifstream input_file; ofstream output_file; int option; do { cout<<"Please enter option:"<<endl <<"1 - Input Employees"<<endl <<"2 - Print Employees"<<endl <<"3 - Load Employees (from db.dat)"<<endl <<"4 - Save Employees (to db.dat)"<<endl <<"0 - Exit"<<endl; cin>>option; switch (option) { case 1: MyEmployees.FreeEmployees(); MyEmployees.InputEmployees(); break; case 2: MyEmployees.PrintEmployees(); break; case 3: input_file.open("db.dat", ios::binary|ios::in); MyEmployees.FreeEmployees(); MyEmployees.Load(input_file); input_file.close(); break; case 4: output_file.open("db.dat", ios::binary|ios::trunc|ios::out); MyEmployees.Save(output_file); output_file.close(); break; case 0: default: option = 0; } 2 } while (option != 0); }
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