April 2012 KARAR 031

MATHEMATICS PAPER I - MTH 211 Calculus of Several Variables

Time : Two Hours Max. Marks : 40

1.

Attempt any four of the following. a) Show that repeated limits of ( but unequal. Soln. Consider the repeated limits

08 ) when (x, y) (0, 0) exist

)] = = =

[ [

] ] =

)+ = = =

* *

+ + =

)+

Repeated limits are exist but not equal.

b) Soln.

Define homogeneous function.

The function u = f(x, y) is said to be homogeneous function of degree n if it can be written as u = f(x, y) = xnF(y/x), where n is real number. Which is the critical points of ( x+y-1) (x2+y2) i) Soln. Let f(x,y) = ( x+y-1) (x2+y2) (1, -1) ii) (0, 0)

c)

fx = ( x+y-1).2x + 1. (x2+y2) = 2x2+2xy-2x + x2+y2 = 3x2+2xy-2x+y2 fy = ( x+y-1).2y + 1. (x2+y2) = 2xy +2 y2-2y + x2+y2 = 2xy +3y2-2y + x2 and

For extreme value of f, fx = 0 and and fx = 0 2xy + 3y2 - 2y + x2 = 0 3x2+2xy-2x+y2 = 0

d) Soln.

Evaluate

* * +

+ ( * + ) )

)(

a) 3/5 Soln.

b) -3/5

c)

d) 0

)(

( (

) )

ii)

If f(x, y) is differentiable at (a, b) then ---a) b) c) d) f is continuous and fx(a,b), fy(a, b) exists. fx(a,b), fy(a, b) may not be exists. f is discontinuous at (a, b). None of these.

Ans. By necessary condition for differentiability. a) f is continuous and fx(a,b), fy(a, b) exists.

f)

i)

If (a, b) is maximum in a certain neighbourhood of (a, b) then fxx(a, b) must be ---a) +ve b) -ve c) 0 d) Non-zero

Ans. By sufficient condition for extremum. b) -ve

ii)

Area bounded by x2 + y2 5 = 0 and X-axis, above X-axis is a) square b) 5 square c) 10 square d) square

Ans. By sufficient

2.

Attempt any two of the following. a)

08

If f(x, y) is defined in some neighbourhood of (a, b) and fx is continuous at (a, b) and fx(a, b) exists then prove that f is differentiable at (a, b). Using differentials find approximate value of (3.95)2(2.05).

b) Soln.

Take

a = 4, h = -0.05 b = 2, k = 0.05

a+h = 4+(-0.05) = 3.95 b+k = 2+0.05 = 2.05 f(a, b) = f(4, 2) = 42.2 = 32 and

Let f(x, y) = x2y

fx(x, y) = 2xy fy(x, y) = x2

fx(a, b) = fx(4, 2) = 2.4.2 = 16 fy(a, b) = fy(4, 2) = 42 = 16

By differentials, ( ( ( ) ( ) ) ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( )

c) Soln.

If u = (x2 + y2 + z2 ) -1/2 then show that uxx + uyy + uzz = 0. Let u(x, y, z) = (x2+y2+z2) -1/2 ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ) )

[ [ ( ( ( ( ) ( ) )

( ) ) [ [ (

) (

] ) ( )] ] ) ]

Similarly,

( ( ( (

) )

[ [

] ]

and

[ ) [ ) [ [

] ] ]

( ( )

] ( = 0 ) [ ]

3.

a)

Attempt any two of the following. i) Soln. Statement :

06

State and prove mean value theorem for function of two variables.

Let f(x, y) be continuous in a closed region R and differentiable in the interior of R. Let P(a, b) and Q(a+h, b+k) be any two distinct points of R such that all points, (a+h, b+k), where 0 < < 1, of the straight line segment joining P and Q belongs to the interior of R. Then there exists a number such that 0 < < 1 and f(a+h, b+k) = f(a, b) + hfx(a+ h, b+ k) + kfy(a+ h, b+ k) Proof : Let x = a+ht, y = b+kt

and we define a function F as, F(t) = f(x, y) = f(a+ht, b+kt) F(1) = f(a+h, b+k) and F(0) = f(a, b) ---------------

By chain rule, we get

()

()

--------------------------------- Consider a function F(t) of a single variable t in the interval 0 t 1. Applying Mean Value Theorem for the function of one variable. F(1) F(0) = 1. Using and f(a+h, b+k) - f(a, b) = hfx(a+ h, b+ k) + kfy(a+ h, b+ k) f(a+h, b+k) = f(a, b) + hfx(a+ h, b+ k) + kfy(a+ h, b+ k) ( ) where 0 < < 1

ii)

Verify Eulers theorem for f(x, y) = 3x2 + 4xy 5y2.

iii) If z = tan-1(x/y) and x = u + v, y = u v. Show that b) If f(x, y) = 2x2 - 3y2 , x = e-t, y = e2t Show that at t = 0. 02

4.

Attempt any two of the following. a) b) f has neither maxima nor minima at (a, b) if <0.

08

Find the lengths of the sides of rectangle of perimeter 12 cm which has maximum area.

c)

Show that

5.

a)

i) ii)

Evaluate Evaluate

over the region x2 + y2 1.

06

OR i) ii) Evaluate Evaluate

b)

Change the order of integration :

02