STS-117 Press Kit

STS-117 Press Kit

CONTENTS
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Section

STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATIONBUILD THE FUTURE ........................... TIMELINE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. MISSION PROFILE................................................................................................................... MISSION PRIORITIES ............................................................................................................. MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES ................................................................. STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW ................................................................................................... PAYLOAD OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................
S T AR BO AR D 5 ( S5 ) SH ORT S PA C ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E X T E R NAL STO WA G E PL ATF O RM -3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . S PA C E HA B S L OG I ST I C S SI N GL E M O D UL E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M OT I O N CONT R OL SUB SYST EM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . S T AT I ON - TO-SH UT TL E P OW E R T RA NS FE R S Y ST EM (S S PT S ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING ..................................................................................................

U N D O CK I NG , S E PA RA TI O N A N D D EPA RTU R E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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SPACEWALKS ......................................................................................................................... EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT .......................................................................................... EXPERIMENTS .........................................................................................................................

D E TA IL E D T ES T OBJECT I VE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . S H OR T- D UR AT I O N R E S EA RC H TO B E C OMP L E T E D D UR I N G S T S-118/1 3A.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................ SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA ....................................................................................................

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CONTENTS

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LAUNCH AND LANDING ...........................................................................................................

L A U N CH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A B OR T- T O- OR B IT ( AT O ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . T RA N SA TLA NT I C A B OR T L A N D I NG ( TAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R E T UR N -T O -L A U N CH - SI T E ( R TL S ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . A B OR T O N C E A RO U N D (A OA ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . L A N D I NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... MEDIA ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................... PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS ..................................................................................................

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STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATIONBUILD THE FUTURE

SpaceShuttleEndeavourisonLaunchPad39Aandreadyforlaunch.Atfarleftistherotating servicestructure,whichcanberolledaroundtoenclosetheshuttleforaccessduringprocessing. Behindtheshuttleisthefixedservicestructure,toppedbyan80foottalllightningmast.

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MISSION OVERVIEW

ThisgraphicdepictsthelocationofSTS118payloadhardware. The space shuttle Endeavour is poised to blast offAug.7,carryingsevenastronautstoorbiton acomplexflighttocontinuetheassemblyofthe International Space Station and fulfill a long standinghumanspaceflightlegacy. The119thflightinspaceshuttlehistoryandthe 22nd to the station is commanded by veteran astronaut Scott Kelly, a Navy commander, 43. Endeavour is scheduled to be launched from NASAs Kennedy Space Centers Launch Pad 39A on an 11day flight. During the mission, thecrewwilldeliveranewsegmentforthesta tions backbone, install a spare parts platform andswapoutafailedgyroscopeusedtoorient thestation. Kelly, who is making his second flight into space, is joined by Pilot Charlie Hobaugh (HOEbaw), a Marine lieutenant colonel, 45, andmissionspecialistsTracyCaldwell,37,Rick Mastracchio (MuhSTRACKeeoh), 47, Dr. Dave Williams of the Canadian Space Agency, 53,BarbaraR.Morgan,55,andAlvinDrew,an AirForcecolonel,44. Hobaugh, Mastracchio and Williams are all makingtheirsecondflightintospace.Caldwell, MorganandDrewareallfirsttimefliers.

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SevenastronautspauseforaninformalcrewportraitattheJohnsonSpaceCenter.Picturedfromthe left(front)areCanadianSpaceAgencyastronautDaveWilliams,missionspecialist;ScottKelly, commander;andTracyCaldwell,missionspecialist.Backrow,lefttoright,areCharlieHobaugh, pilot;alongwithRickMastracchio,BarbaraR.MorganandAlvinDrew,allmissionspecialists. Morgan,whowasanelementaryschoolteacher Morgan is the first educator mission specialist, in McCall, Idaho, before being selected as havingservedasthebackuptopayloadspecial McAuliffes backup, returned to teaching after ist Christa McAuliffe in the Teacher in Space theaccident.Shewasselectedtotrainasamis Project.McAuliffeandsixfellowastronautslost sion specialist in 1998 and was named to the theirlivesintheChallengeraccidentonJan.28, STS118crewin2002. 1986.

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MISSION OVERVIEW

 Shewillbeinvolvedinatleastonelive,interac tive educational inflight event with students gathered in Boise, Idaho. If the mission is ex tended,shewillparticipateintwoothereduca tional events with students in Alexandria, Va., andLynn,Mass.,todiscusshermissionandthe educationalaspectsofhumanspaceflight.

Endeavour is making its 20th flight, and first since the STS113 mission in November 2002 thatbroughtthefirstportsidetrusssegmentto thestation.Endeavourunderwentanextensive refurbishment after that mission to upgrade andmodifyitskeysystems.

BarbaraR.Morganspeakstoanaudienceofstudentsandmedia duringademonstrationatSpaceCenterHouston.

MISSION OVERVIEW

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 experienced high electrical currents and erratic spin rates in October 2006 and was taken off line. Since then, the station has used the other three gyroscopes in the Zenith 1 (Z1) truss to maintain the stations orientation. The replace ment work will be nearly identical to the re placementofCMG1ontheSTS114missionin 2005, but this failed CMG will be temporarily stowed on the new spare parts platform and will be returned to Earth on the STS122 mis sionlaterthisyear. ThiscomputergraphicdepictshowtheS5 trusswillbegrappledbythestationsrobotic arm.Itwillbeinstalledtothefarrightportion oftheintegratedtrusssystem. The prime objective of the mission is to install the Starboard 5 (S5) truss on the right side of the stations expanding truss structure. The twoton S5 will be robotically attached and bolted to the S4 truss, which was delivered to thestationontheSTS117missioninJune. TheS5trussis11feetlong,andwillserveasa spacer to provide structural support for the outboard solar arrays that will be installed on theS6trussnextyearandtoprovidesufficient space for clearance between those arrays and theS4trusssolarblankets. A device called the External Stowage Plat form3(ESP3)willbeinstalledonthestations P3 truss to house critical spare parts. ESP3 joins two other stowage platforms attached to thestation. Another high priority task for Endeavours as tronauts will be the replacement of the failed Control Moment Gyroscope3 (CMG3) which Thiscomputergraphicshowswherethe ExternalStowagePlatformwillbe installedtothespacestation. The CMG replacement will occur during the second of three planned spacewalks. A fourth spacewalk will be added to the mission if the flight is extended. Mastracchio and Williams willconductthefirsttwospacewalks.Mastrac chioandExpedition15FlightEngineerClayton Anderson will be responsible for the third. AndersonwouldteamupwithWilliamsforthe fourth spacewalk. Anderson will have con ducted his first career spacewalk prior to STS118 to jettison an obsolete ammonia reser voirandotherequipment.

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MISSION OVERVIEW

CosmonautsOlegV.KotovandFyodorYurchikhin,Expedition15flightengineerandcommander, respectively,representingRussiasFederalSpaceAgency;andastronautClaytonC.Anderson, flightengineer,participateinatrainingsessionintheSpaceVehicleMockupFacility atJohnsonSpaceCenterbeforetheywerereunitedatthespacestation. Endeavours astronauts will work with Ander son and his crewmates, Expedition 15 Com mander Fyodor Yurchikhin (FeeOHduhr YURcheekin)andFlightEngineerOlegKotov (AHleg KOHtoff), during more than a week ofjointdockedoperations. The mission also will feature the first flight of the new StationtoShuttle Power Transfer Sys tem (SSPTS), a series of electrical converter units in the shuttle that draw electricity from the stations power system to supplement the normalelectricaloutputfromtheshuttlesthree cryogenic fuel cells. The new capability is de signedtoextendtheshuttlesstayatthestation toupto12days,ifnecessary,withoutdepleting the finite electrical capability of the fuel cells themselves. The SSPTS routes power through Pressurized Mating Adapter2 (PMA2), the docking port for Endeavour at the forward end of the sta tions Destiny Laboratory. SSPTS consists of twoPowerTransferUnits(PTUs)intheshuttle, containing three converters per unit, two Or biterPowerConversionUnits(OPCUs)andone AssemblyPowerConversionUnit(APCU).

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 Each OPCU converts 124 volt direct current powerfromthestationto28voltusableshuttle power.Eachunitdraws2.2kilowattsofstation power and converts it to 2 kilowatts of power forshuttlesystems. Following Endeavours docking to the station on flight day 3 and shortly after hatches are openedbetweenthetwovehicles,SSPTSwillbe activatedastwo ofthefour OPCUs are turned on. The system will be deactivated shortly be forethefirstspacewalkonflightday4toenable thestationsstarboardsolararraystobelocked inplacefortheinstallationoftheS5truss.After thatiscompleted,SSPTSwillbereactivatedun tilEndeavourisreadytoundockandtheother twoOPCUswillbeturnedonandcheckedout. Missionmanagersmayelecttowaituntilflight day5toverifytheperformanceofthenewsys tem before formally extending the flight three additionaldaystoa14daymission. ShuttlesEndeavourandDiscoverywereoutfit ted during their most recent maintenance peri odsforSSPTScapability.Atlantisdoesnothave SSPTScapability. Rightafterarrivingonorbit,CaldwellandWil liamswillcapturevideoanddigitalstillsofEn deavours jettisoned external fuel tank for im agery analysis on the ground, the first in a se riesofiterativestepsthatwillclearEndeavours heatshieldforasafelanding. Endeavours astronauts will then set up their toolsandcomputersandopentheshipscargo bay doors. Morgan and Drew will activate the Spacehab module and open the hatch to the cargo carrier through a tunnel from Endeav ours lower deck. Caldwell and Mastracchio will unfurl and checkout the shuttles robotic arm that will be used for various tasks throughoutthemission.

Thisgraphicillustratestheinspection Endeavoursastronautswillperformusing theOrbiterBoomSensorSystem. ThenextdayasEndeavourclosesinontheIn ternational Space Station through a series of coordinated engine firings, Caldwell and Mas tracchio will use the shuttles robot arm to grapple the 50footlong Orbiter Boom Sensor System.TheOBSSisanarmextensionthatuses cameras and laser sensors to map the leading edgesofthewingsandthenosecapoftheshut tle in checking for any damage that may have occurredduringEndeavoursclimbtoorbit. Endeavours orbital maneuvering system pod blankets will also be surveyed as part of the preplanned surveys of the shuttles heat pro tectionsystem. Morgan and Hobaugh will join Caldwell and Mastracchio during almost seven hours of sur vey work with the boom. As that work pro ceeds, Kelly, Williams and Drew will prepare thespacesuitsthatwillbewornduringthemis sionsspacewalks. Before the crew goes to sleep to complete its seconddayinspace,acamerawillbemounted intheOrbiterDockingSystemtoprovidevisual cues to Kelly and Hobaugh for the next days

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MISSION OVERVIEW

 dockingwiththestation.Thedockingsystems outerringalso willbe extended inpreparation forthefollowingdayslinkup. Onflightday3,KellyandHobaughwillguide Endeavourthroughaseriesofenginefiringsto narrowthegapbetweentheshuttleandthesta tion, arriving about 400 feet directly below the ISS about an hour prior to docking. At that time, Kelly will execute a slow twodegree per secondbackflip,calledtheRendezvousPitch Maneuver. This will enable station crew mem bers to use digital cameras equipped with 400mm and 800mm lenses to photograph En deavoursheatresistanttilesforanalysisbyim ageryexpertsontheground. Oncethatiscomplete,KellywillflyEndeavour toapointabout400feetdirectlyinfrontofthe stationforthelastminutesoftheapproach for docking. Once the two vehicles are locked to gether and leak checks verify a tight seal be

tween the two craft, hatches will be opened. Hobaugh will join Anderson at the robotics workstationintheDestiny Laboratory tooper ate the stations Canadarm2 robotic arm. They will accept the handoff of the S5 truss from CaldwellandMastracchiowhowilloperatethe shuttles robot arm from the aft flight deck of Endeavour. While S5 spends the night attached to the end of Canadarm2, Mastracchio and Williams will prepare for the next days spacewalk, the first for both of them. They will wear masks in the stations Quest airlock to prebreathe pure oxy gen, cleansing nitrogen out of their blood streams as part of the protocol to prevent a condition known as the bends when they move out into the vacuum of space the next day. They will spend the night in Quest in the now familiar campout that precedes space walks that begin from the stations U.S. seg ment.

ScottKelly,STS118commander,participatesinasimulationexerciseinthemotionbaseshuttle missionsimulatorintheJakeGarnSimulationandTrainingFacilityatJohnsonSpaceCenter.

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 Oncethatiscomplete,KellywillflyEndeavour toapointabout400feetdirectlyinfrontofthe stationforthelastminutesoftheapproach for docking. Once the two vehicles are locked to gether and leak checks verify a tight seal be tween the two craft, hatches will be opened. Hobaugh will join Anderson at the robotics workstationin theDestinyLaboratory to oper ate the stations Canadarm2 robotic arm. They will accept the handoff of the S5 truss from CaldwellandMastracchiowhowilloperatethe shuttles robot arm from the aft flight deck of Endeavour. While S5 spends the night attached to the end of Canadarm2, Mastracchio and Williams will prepare for the next days spacewalk, the first for both of them. They will wear masks in the stations Quest airlock to prebreathe pure oxy gen, cleansing nitrogen out of their blood streams as part of the protocol to prevent a condition known as the bends when they move out into the vacuum of space the next day. They will spend the night in Quest in the now familiar campout that precedes space walks that begin from the stations U.S. seg ment.

RickMastracchiodonsatrainingversionofhisExtravehicularMobilityUnit(EMU)spacesuit priortobeingsubmergedinthewatersoftheNeutralBuoyancyLaboratory(NBL)near JohnsonSpaceCenter.TracyCaldwellassistedMastracchio.

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MISSION OVERVIEW

 Onflightday4,whileMorganbeginstransfer ring cargo from the Spacehab module into the station, Hobaugh and Anderson will carefully maneuver the S5 truss to the end of the star board truss segment of the complex. They will usevisualcuesfromthespacewalkerstoinstall the S5 to the recently arrived S4 solar array truss.Aseriesofboltswillmechanicallyattach thetwotrusssegments.AfterwardMastracchio and Williams will remove launch locks from thenewtruss,relocatetheS5grapplefixtureto the truss keel and connect electrical lines. If timepermits,theywilltestacapturelatchtobe used later when the final starboard truss com ponent,theS6,ismatedoutboardtotheS5. Thelastmajortaskofthefirstspacewalkwillbe the retraction of the forward heatrejecting ra

diator from the P6 truss. This is the final step towardthattrussrelocationduringtheSTS120 missionlaterthisyear.Theradiatorwillbetied downbyMastracchioandWilliamsandwillbe redeployed on STS120 once the P6 is attached totheP5trussontheportsideofthestation. If mission managers determine that additional areasofEndeavoursthermalprotectionsystem shouldbeinspected,thisworkwouldoccuron flightday5.Morgan,KellyandCaldwellwould take turns using the shuttles robotic arm and the boom sensor system extension for such a survey. If no focused inspection is required, the day will be spent on cargo transfers. Mas tracchioandWilliamswillmoveintotheQuest airlockattheendofthedaytopreparefortheir secondspacewalk.

DaveWilliams,STS118missionspecialistrepresentingtheCanadianSpaceAgency,participates inanunderwatersimulationofEVAintheNeutralBuoyancyLaboratory(NBL)nearJohnson SpaceCenter.SCUBAequippeddiversareinthewatertoassistWilliamsinhis rehearsal,intendedtohelppreparehimforhisSTS118spacewalks.

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 On flight day 6, Mastracchio and Williams spacewalkwillbedevotedtothereplacementof CMG3 that was removed from operational use onOct.10,2006.MastracchioandWilliams will remove the failed CMG from its slot in the Z1 truss,temporarilyparkitonthetruss,andinstall itsreplacement.ThefailedCMGwillbestowed on an external spare parts platform attached to the Quest airlock and will be brought home on theSTS122missionlaterthisyear.Cargotrans ferwillcontinueduringthespacewalk. Onflightday7,MorganandCaldwellwillbeat the controls of the shuttles robotic arm as they lift the third External Stowage Platform out of Endeavourscargo bayandhand it over to Ho baugh and Anderson, who will operate the sta tions Canadarm2. Hobaugh and Anderson will then install the ESP3 onto a cargo attachment deviceontheP3truss, wherecapture boltswill lockitdown. Later in the day, Morgan will conduct an in flight educational event with students gathered at the Discovery Center of Idaho in Boise, a 20minute interactive event to discuss the pro gressoftheflight. Before the crew goes to sleep, Mastracchio and Anderson will move into the Quest airlock to prepareforthethirdspacewalkofthemission. Onflightday8,MastracchioandAndersonwill performthethirdspacewalktoupgradethesta tions Sband communication system. They will remove the Sband antenna from the P6 truss and relocate it to the P1 truss and install a new signalprocessorandtransponderforbetterper formance. MastracchioandAndersonalsowillmonitorthe movement of the stations Canadarm2 as Ho baughandKotovuseittomovetwoequipment carts to the starboard side of the Mobile Trans porterrailcar.Thatwillcleartheportsideofthe truss for the P6 relocation later this year. Mas tracchioandAndersonalsowillretrieveapairof suitcasesize experiments from temporary loca tionsontheQuestairlock.Theexperimentshave been collecting data on the effect of the micro gravity environment on various materials. The spacewalk will wrap up with the retrieval of a transponderontheP6trussandtheengagement ofgimballocksontheZ1trussSbandantenna. On flight day 9, if the mission is not extended, thetwocrewswillcompletefinalcargotransfers, conductajointcrewnewsconferenceandenjoy afewhoursofoffdutytimetogetherbeforethey say farewell and close hatches between the two spacecraft. On flight day 10, Hobaugh will be at the aft flightdeckofEndeavourtosupervisetheshut tles undocking from the station and a flyaround of the newly expanded complex. Once a final engine firing sends Endeavour away from the station, Caldwell and Mastrac chiowillbejoinedbyHobaughandMorganto conductafinallateinspectionofEndeavours wingsandnosecapusingtheboomsensorsys tem one last time. That survey will verify that nomicrometeoroiddebrisdamagehasoccurred duringtheflighttopreventasafelanding. Onflightday11,thecrewwillprepareforland ing the following day as Kelly and Hobaugh conductthetraditionaltestofEndeavoursflight control surfaces and the testfiring of the ships 33reactioncontrolsystemjetstoinsurefullcon trollability of Endeavour during its highspeed returnto Earth. The crew will packupEndeav our, close out the Spacehab module and deacti vateitssystemsinadvanceoflanding. Afterdeorbitpreparationsarecompleteandits cargo bay doors are closed, Endeavour will re

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 turntoEarthonFlightDay12,glidingtoanaf ternoonlandingattheKennedySpaceCenterto completethesecondshuttlemissionoftheyear. This will mark the first time that NASA has used a threestring Global Positioning System to give the shuttles position during entry and landing. Iftheflightisextendedto14daysasisexpected thanks to the new StationtoShuttle Power Transfer System, the flight plan will be altered slightlyafterflightday8: Flight day 9 Cargo transfers, crew offduty time, spacewalk preparations, the joint crew news conference and a second Morgan educa tionalinflighteventwithstudentsattheChal lenger Center for Space Science Education in Alexandria,Va. Flight day 10 Fourth spacewalk by Williams andAndersontoinstallamountingbracketon twotrunnionsonthezenithsideoftheS1truss. This will enable the boom sensor system to be left on the station on a later mission when it cannot fit on the starboard sill of the shuttles payloadbayfortheflighttodelivertheKibo pressurized sciencemoduleto thestation. Wil liams and Anderson also will install two wire less instrumentation antennas on the Destiny Lab,retrieveafailedGlobalPositioningSystem antennafromtheS0truss,installwirelessvideo system equipment on the S3 truss, relocate a tool bag from the P6 truss to Destiny and per manently secure protective debris shields on DestinyandtheUnityconnectingnodethatare temporarilytieddown.

Flightday11Cargotransferwork. Flight day 12 Final cargo transfers, a third educational inflight event for Morgan with students at the Robert L. Ford NASA Explorer SchoolinLynn,Mass.,andfinalcrewfarewells andhatchclosure. Flight day 13 Undocking, flyaround, final separation and late inspection of Endeavours heatshield. Flightday14FlightControlSystemcheckout, reaction control system hotfire test, cargo stowage. Flight day 15 Deorbit preparations, deorbit engine firing, landing at the Kennedy Space Center.

CharlieHobaugh,STS118pilot,takespartin asimulationatJSCsJakeGarnSimulation andTrainingFacility.

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TIMELINE OVERVIEW

NOTE
Themissionisbaselinedasan11dayflight spanning12flightdays.AfterthenewSta tiontoShuttlePowerTransferSystem(SSPTS) isactivatedandcheckedout,theflightwillbe extendedto14dayswithlandingonflightday 15.Thefirsteightflightdaysofthemissionwill beidenticalwithorwithoutanextension.This timelinereflectshowthemissionchangeswith anextension.

RendezvousPitchManeuver DockingtotheInternationalSpaceStation HatchOpeningandWelcomingCeremony ShuttleRoboticArmGrappleandUnberth ofS5Truss HandoffofS5TrusstoStationRoboticArm (Canadarm2) StationtoShuttlePowerTransferSystem (SSPTS)ActivationandCheckout EVA1Campout(MastracchioandWilliams)

11-DAY MISSION
Flight Day 1
Launch PayloadBayDoorOpening SpacehabActivation ShuttleRobotArmPowerUp ExternalTankVideoandStillPhotography Downlink

Flight Day 4
SSPTSDeactivationPriortoEVA1 S5InstallationtoS4TrussSegment ExtravehicularActivity(EVA)1 (MastracchioandWilliams;S5Installation, P6TrussForwardRadiatorRetraction) CargoTransferOperations SSPTSReactivationAfterEVA1

Flight Day 2
OrbiterBoomSensorSystem(OBSS)Survey ofShuttleWingsandNoseCap SpacesuitCheckout ShuttleRoboticArmCheckoutofShuttles OrbitalManeuveringSystemPods OrbiterDockingSystemCheckoutandRing Extension RendezvousToolCheckout

Flight Day 5
Canadarm2GrappleofBoomSensor SystemforFocusedInspection(ifnecessary) FocusedInspectionofEndeavoursThermal HeatShield(ifnecessary) CargoTransferOperations EVA2Campout(MastracchioandWilliams) PerformEPOKitCvideo

Flight Day 3
RendezvousOperations

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TIMELINE OVERVIEW

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Flight Day 6
EVA2(MastracchioandWilliams;Control MomentGyroscope3ReplacementonZ1 Truss) DeactivateExternalStowagePlatform3 (ESP3)PowerConnection. CargoTransferOperations

JointCrewNewsConference CrewOffDutyPeriod FarewellsandHatchClosure

Flight Day 9
FinalCargoTransfers JointCrewNewsConference CrewOffDutyPeriod FarewellsandHatchClosure

Flight Day 7
ExternalStowagePlatform3Unberthfrom EndeavoursPayloadBayandInstallation onP3Truss DestinyLabWindowScratchPane Replacement CargoTransferOperations EducationalEvent U.S.PAOEvent EVA3Campout(Mastracchioand Anderson)

Flight Day 10
FinalSSPTSDeactivation(foran11day mission) UndockingfromtheInternationalSpace StationandFlyaround FinalSeparationManeuver LateInspectionofEndeavoursWingsand NoseCap

Flight Day 8
EVA3(MastracchioandAnderson;P6S BandAntennaSubassemblyRelocationto P1Truss,P1TrussBasebandSignal ProcessorandtransponderInstallation, Canadarm2relocationoftwoCrewand EquipmentTranslationAid(CETA)cartsto starboardtrussforP6Relocationclearance, retrievetheP6transponder,engagethe gimballocksontheZ1SbandAntenna Subassembly,retrieveMaterialsonthe InternationalSpaceStationExperiment (MISSE)3and4payloadpackages) CargoTransferOperationsFlightDay9 FinalCargoTransfers

Flight Day 11
CabinStowage FlightControlSystemCheckout ReactionControlSystemHotFireTest DeorbitProceduresReview KuBandAntennaStowage CrewOffDutyPeriod CanadianSpaceAgencyPAOEvent U.S.PAOEvent

Flight Day 12
DeorbitPreparations PayloadBayDoorClosing

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 DeorbitBurn KSCLanding

Flight Day 12
FinalCargoTransfers CrewOffDutyPeriod EducationalEvent FarewellsandHatchClosure

14-DAY MISSION

(First eight days are the same as the 11-day mission) Flight Day 9
CargoTransferOperations JointCrewNewsConference CrewOffDutyPeriod EVA4Campout(WilliamsandAnderson) EducationalEvent

Flight Day 13
FinalSSPTSDeactivation UndockingfromtheInternationalSpace StationandFlyaround FinalSeparationManeuver LateInspectionofEndeavoursWingsand NoseCap

Flight Day 10
EVA4(WilliamsandAnderson;Secure Lab1C203andNod1C202MMOD Shields,verifyintegrityofremainingP6 radiatorpushinpull(PiP)pinsalong translationpaths,installEWISantennas(2) onLab,installOBSSberthingsupport equipmentonS1Trusszenithtrunnions, installwirelessTVequipmentonS3Camera Port1,othergetaheadtasks) PerformCycleErgometerwithVibration IsolationandStabilization(CEVIS)Remove andReplace PerformTreadmillVibrationIsolation System(TVIS)SkirtRemoveandReplace

Flight Day 14
CabinStowage FlightControlSystemCheckout ReactionControlSystemHotFireTest StowCabinandPrepareSpacehabforEntry DeorbitProceduresReview KuBandAntennaStowage CrewOffDutyPeriod CanadianSpaceAgencyPAOEvent

Flight Day 15
DeorbitPreparations PayloadBayDoorClosing DeorbitBurn KSCLanding

Flight Day 11
CargoTransferOperations PerformDAUITroubleshootingand Replace(ifnecessary) U.S.PAOEvent EducationalEvent

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TIMELINE OVERVIEW

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MISSION PROFILE

CREW
Commander: Pilot: MissionSpecialist1: MissionSpecialist2: MissionSpecialist3: MissionSpecialist4: MissionSpecialist5: ScottKelly CharlieHobaugh TracyCaldwell RickMastracchio DaveWilliams BarbaraR.Morgan AlvinDrew

Space Shuttle Main Engines:

SSME1: SSME2: SSME3: ExternalTank: SRBSet: RSRMSet: 2047 2051 2045 ET117 BI130 97

LAUNCH
Orbiter: LaunchSite: LaunchDate: LaunchTime: Endeavour(OV105) KennedySpaceCenter LaunchPad39A NoearlierthanAug.7, 2007 7:02p.m.EDT(Preferred InPlanelaunchtimefor 8/7) 5Minutes 122NauticalMiles(140 Miles)OrbitalInsertion; 184NM(212Miles) Rendezvous 51.6Degrees 10Days,19Hours, 27Minutes

SHUTTLE ABORTS
Abort Landing Sites
RTLS: TAL: KennedySpaceCenterShuttle LandingFacility PrimaryZaragoza,Spain. AlternatesMoron,Spainand Istres,France PrimaryKennedySpaceCenter ShuttleLandingFacility; AlternateWhiteSandsSpace Harbor

AOA:

LaunchWindow: Altitude:

Landing
NoearlierthanAug.18, 2007 LandingTime: 2:29p.m.EDT PrimarylandingSite: KennedySpaceCenter ShuttleLandingFacility LandingDate:

Inclination: Duration:

VEHICLE DATA
ShuttleLiftoffWeight: Orbiter/PayloadLiftoffWeight: 4,520,773 pounds 268,574 pounds

PAYLOADS
IntegratedTrussSegment(ITS)Starboard5(S5)

Orbiter/PayloadLandingWeight: 222,398 pounds SoftwareVersion: OI30

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MISSION PRIORITIES
1. Installintegratedtrusssegment(ITS)S5to ITSS4 2. Transferwaterandtransferandstow criticalcargoitems 3. DeployExternalStowagePlatform3 (ESP3)frompayloadbayandstowitonP3 4. DisconnectESP3LTAheaterpowerand reconfigureforPDUpower 5. Transfermissionsuccesscargoitems 6. PerformPortSbandcommunications systemupgrade 7. RelocatetwoCrewandEquipment TranslationAid(CETA)cartstothe starboardsideinpreparationforP6 relocation 8. CinchtheP6photovoltaicthermalcontrol systemforwardphotovoltaicradiator 9. TransferControlMomentGyroscope (CMG)orbitalreplacementunitandflight supportequipmentfromESP3toESP2 10. EngageZ1Sbandantennastructural assembly(SASA)gimballocks 11. RetrievetheP6transponder 12. PerformremoveandreplaceCMG3and stowfailedCMGonESP2 13. Retrievematerialsinternationalspace stationexperiment(MISSE)3and4 14. SecureLabMMODShieldLab1C203 20. Performdailymiddeckactivitiestosupport payloads 21. Thefollowingtasks,inpriority,fitwithin existingspacewalks: (a) InstallEWISantennas(2)onDestiny Lab (b) InstallOBSSonthe2S1zenith trunnions (c) RetrievefailedGPSantennaassembly No.4andinstallcaps (d) RelocateP6auxiliarytoolsbags (e) InstallWirelessVideoSystemExternal TransceiverAssembly(WETA)No.3 oncoldplate(CP)1 22. Performtheintravehiculartasks (a) PerformtroubleshootingofDocked AudioInterfaceUnit(DAUI)and replace,ifneeded 15. SecureNode1MMODShieldNod1C202 16. VerifyintegrityofsuspectP6radiatorpush inpullpinsalongtranslationpaths 17. Transferremainingcargoitemsper13A.1 TransferPriorityList 18. TransfernitrogenfromshuttletoISS AirlockHighPressureGasTanks(HPGT) 19. Performdailystationpayloadstatuschecks

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 (b) RemoveandreplaceCycleErgometer withVibrationIsolationand Stabilization(CEVIS) (c) RemoveandreplaceDestinyLab windowscratchpane (d) RemoveandreplaceTVISSkirt 23. PerformDetailedTestObjective853 InflightevaluationforareasofCO2 concentration 24. PerformISSpayloadresearchoperation tasks (a) ActivateCGBA5forCSI02specimen conditioning 25. Performimagerysurveyofstationduring flyaround 26. Performpayloadoperationstosupport MAUIandRAMBO(payloadof opportunityundockops) 27. Performspacewalkgetaheadtasks,if possible (a) ConnectS5toS4umbilicals 30. PerformSDTO13005U (b) RemoveS5toS6RTASLL (a) Shuttledocking (c) OpentheS5RTASCaptureLatch Assembly(CLA) (d) ReleaseNode2EATCSLoopAandB FluidTrayBolts(16,8,9,11&12) (b) Stationreboost (c) Shuttleundocking (d) S5install (e) TorqueCMGFSEShimboltstofinal preload (f) DeployS3UpperOutboardPASandS3 UpperInboardPAS (g) DeployP3nadirUnpressurizedCargo CarriersAttachmentSystem(UCCAS) (h) Retrieve3/8DriveRatchesSN1011& 1012fromtheETSDboxesforIVA inspection (i) ReturnGeneralPurposeCuttertoA/L Toolbox#2(303version) (j) InstallS1S3AmmoniaFluidLines (k) InstallP1P3AmmoniaFluidLines (l) CloseP1RadiatorBeamValveModule (RBVM)ThermalBootieF151 28. Reboostthestationwiththeshuttle,if missionresourcesallowandareconsistent withISStrajectoryanalysisandplanning 29. Transferoxygenfromtheshuttletothe station,asconsumablesallow

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MISSION PERSONNEL
KEY CONSOLE POSITIONS FOR STS-118
Ascent

Flt.Director
SteveStich

CAPCOM
ChrisFerguson JimDutton(Weather) SteveRobinson ShaneKimbrough

PAO
RobNavias

Orbit1(Lead) Orbit2

MattAbbott RichardJones MikeSarafin MikeMoses PaulDye SteveStich

RobNavias(Lead) KyleHerring

Planning

ShannonLucid

JohnIraPetty

Entry

ChrisFerguson JimDutton(Weather) N/A TonyAntonelli ShannonWalker LuciaMcCullough N/A

KylieClem

ShuttleTeam4 ISSOrbit1 ISSOrbit2(Lead) ISSOrbit3 StationTeam4

RickLaBrode KwatsiAlibaruho JoelMontalbano GingerKerrick DerekHassmann

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

JSCPAORepresentativeatKSCforLaunchNicoleCloutierLemasters KSCLaunchCommentatorMikeCurie(Fueling),GeorgeDiller(Launch) KSCLaunchDirectorMikeLeinbach NASALaunchTestDirectorJeffSpaulding

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STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES

SpaceshuttleEndeavourismomentsawayfromtouchdownonrunway33attheShuttle LandingFacilityonDec.7,2002,bringingtoaclosethe13day,18hour,48minute, 5.74millionmileSTS113missiontotheInternationalSpaceStation.

Endeavour (OV-105) Horizontal Processing

STS113Landing12/7/02 SpaceShuttleProgramApprovalforOrbiterMajorModification6/16/03 OrbiterMajorModificationStartDate12/1/03 OrbiterPowerUp9/27/05 RollovertoVehicleAssemblyBuilding7/2/07 OrbiterProcessingFacilityProcessing1,665days

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WorkersintheOrbiterProcessingFacilitypreparetoremoveoneoftwoOrbiterManeuvering System(OMS)podsfromEndeavourduringitsOrbiterMajorModification.TheOMSpodsare attachedtotheupperaftfuselageleftandrightsides.

External Tank/Solid Rocket Booster Processing

SolidRocketBoosterStartStack5/23/07 ET/SRBMate6/17/07

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WorkstandsatvariouslevelssurroundtheshuttleEndeavourintheOrbiterProcessingFacility (OPF).TheOPFprovidespostflightservicingandcheckout,aswellasvehiclemodifications.

Integrated Processing
Orbiter/ETmate7/2/07 PayloadDeliverytoLaunchPad(39A)7/09/07 RollouttoLaunchPad(39A)7/11/07 TerminalCountdownDemonstrationTest7/19/07 STS118Launch8/7/07

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InOrbiterProcessingFacilitybay2,UnitedSpaceAlliancetechnicianLoraleeWoodburymonitors thelighteddisplayinspaceshuttleEndeavourscockpitafterfullpowerupinSeptember2005,the firsttimetheorbiterhadbeenpoweredupafternearlytwoyears.

Orbiter Maintenance and Modification Period

Modifications194completed MissionActionRequests(Chits)205completed OperationalMaintenanceRequirementsandSpecifications(OMRS)13156completedtodate IntensiveStructuralandWireInspections

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STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW

TheSTS118patchrepresentsSpaceShuttleEn deavouronitsmissiontohelpcompletetheas sembly of the International Space Station (ISS), and symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge through space exploration. The flight will ac complishitsISS13A.1assemblytasksthrougha series of spacewalks, robotic operations, logis tics transfers, and the exchange of one of the three longduration expedition crew members. On the patch, the top of the gold astronaut symbol overlays the starboard S5 truss seg ment, highlighting its installation during the mission.Theflameofknowledgerepresentsthe importance of education, and honors teachers andstudentseverywhere.Thesevenwhitestars and the red maple leaf signify the American andCanadiancrewmembers,respectively,fly ingaboardEndeavour.

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ThesesevenastronautstakeabreakfromtrainingtoposefortheSTS118crewportrait.Pictured fromtheleftareastronautsRickMastracchio,missionspecialist;BarbaraR.Morgan,mission specialist;CharlieHobaugh,pilot;ScottKelly,commander;TracyCaldwell,CanadianSpace AgencysDaveWilliams,andAlvinDrew,allmissionspecialists.Thecrewmembersare attiredintrainingversionsoftheirshuttlelaunchandentrysuits.

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STS-118 CREW BIOGRAPHIES

ScottKelly AcommanderintheU.S.Navy,ScottKellywill lead the STS118 crew on its mission to the In ternational Space Station. This will be the sec ondspaceflightforKelly,whohas191hoursof spaceflightexperienceafterservingasthepilot for STS103 in 1999, a mission to the Hubble SpaceTelescope. Kelly will be responsible for the execution of the mission and oversee all crew and vehicle activities. As commander, he will fly Endeav our during the rendezvous pitch maneuver, a flip that allows the station crew to photograph the shuttles heat shield as Endeavour ap proachesthestation.Healsowillflytheshuttle duringtheactualdockingandthelandingback onEarth. Kellywasselectedasanastronautcandidatein April 1996, and has held many technical posi tions in the Astronaut Office. These include servingasNASAsdirectorofoperationsinStar City, Russia, Astronaut Office Space Station Branchchiefandbackupcrewmemberforthe stationsExpedition5mission.

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CharlieHobaugh Joining Kelly in Endeavours cockpit will be CharlieHobaugh,servingasthepilot.Thisalso will be Hobaughs second spaceflight. His first wasSTS104in2001,duringwhichheacquired 306 hours and 35 minutes in space. His roles throughout the STS118 mission include un dockingtheshuttlefromthestationandoperat ingthestationsroboticarm. A lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Marine Corps, Hobaugh has more than 3,000 flight hours in morethan40differentaircraft. HobaughjoinedNASAinApril1996.Afterhis initial astronaut training, he workedintheAs tronaut Office Spacecraft Systems/Operations Branch,whereheworkedonprojectsincluding thelandingandrolloutevaluatorintheShuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, Advanced Projects, Multifunction Electronics Display En hancements, Advanced Cockpit and Cockpit Upgrade, Rendezvous and Close Proximity Operations and Visiting Vehicles. He also re cently served as capsule communicator, work ingintheMissionControlCenter.

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TracyCaldwell Tracy Caldwell, who holds a doctorate in physical chemistry, will serve as mission spe cialist1forherfirstspaceflightsinceherselec tion in 1998. She will join Kelly and Hobaugh ontheflightdeckfortheascent,sincehermis sion responsibilities start promptly after liftoff. She will film the jettison of the external fuel tank approximately eight minutes into the flight. Caldwell also will operate the shuttles roboticarmtoinspectEndeavoursthermaltiles and serve as the intravehicular officer during themissionsspacewalks. Caldwell has done many other jobs in the As tronaut Office, such as conducting testing and integration of Russian hardware and software and flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). She served as a crew support astronaut for the Ex pedition5crewandasaspacecraftcommunica tor in Mission Control. She also has supported launchandlandingoperationsatNASAsKen nedySpaceCenter,Fla. Caldwellisaprivatepilotandconversationalin AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)andRussian.

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RickMastracchio This will be the second trip to space for Rick Mastracchio,whowillserveasmissionspecial ist 2. He served as a mission specialist on STS106 Atlantis in 2000, a 12day mission to prepare the International Space Station for the arrivalofthefirstpermanentcrew. Mastracchiowillbeseatedontheflightdeckfor both the launch and landing. His primary task will be to serve as EV1, or spacewalker 1, for the three spacewalks planned for the mission. HelljoinfellowspacewalkerDaveWilliamsto install a new segment on the stations truss or backbone. Mastracchio joined NASA in 1990 as an engi neer in the Flight Crew Operations Directorate and later worked as an ascent/entry guidance andproceduresofficerinMissionControl,sup porting 17 shuttle missions as a flight control ler.

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DaveWilliams Dave Williams, a physician, is a veteran astro naut from the Canadian Space Agency. He joinedNASAin1995aspartofaninternational class of astronaut candidates and went on to serveasamissionspecialistonSTS90,a16day flightknownasNeurolab. Healsoparticipatedintwomissionsaboardthe Aquarius Underwater Laboratory off the Flor ida Coast. In 2001, Williams served in NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) 1. In 2006, he led NEEMO 9, dedi cated to assess new ways to deliver medical caretoaremotelocation,aswouldbenecessary inalongspaceflight. For four years, Williams served as director of the Space and Life Sciences Directorate and concurrently held a sixmonth position as the first deputy associated administrator for crew healthandsafetyintheOfficeofSpaceFlightat NASAHeadquarters. For STS118, Williams will fly in the middeck, andwillconductatleasttwospacewalks.

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BarbaraR.Morgan This will be the first spaceflight for Barbara R. Morgan, mission specialist 4. Morgan will ride inthemiddeckforthelaunchofEndeavourand beseatedintheflightdeckforentryandland ing. As the loadmaster, Morgan is the crew member responsible for the 5,000 pounds of suppliesandequipmentthatwillbetransferred between the shuttle and the space station. She alsowilloperatetheshuttleandstationrobotic armsduringdelicatespacewalkandinstallation tasks. Morgan was selected as the backup candidate for the NASA Teacher in Space Project on July 19,1985.FromSeptember1985toJanuary1986, MorgantrainedwithChristaMcAuliffeandthe ChallengercrewatNASAsJohnsonSpaceCen ter, Houston. Following the Challenger acci dent,MorganassumedthedutiesofTeacherin Space designee, speaking to educational or ganizations throughout the country. In the fall of 1986, Morgan returned to Idaho to resume herteachingcareer,butreturnedtoNASAasa mission specialist in January 1998. She has served numerous technical jobs in the Astro nautOffice.

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AlvinDrew This will be the first flight to space for Alvin Drew, who was assigned in May to this mis sion. Drew, who will ride in the middeck for both ascent and landing, will serve as mission specialist 5. He will assist with cargo transfer and other mission support, including docu menting operations with photographs and video. He was selected as a mission specialist by NASA in 2000 and supported technical duties in the Astronaut Office Station Operations Branch. Drew is also a colonel in the U.S. Air Force and flew combat missions in operations Just Cause, Desert Shield/Desert Storm, and Provide Comfort. He has commanded two flight test units and served on Air Combat Command Staff. He is a command pilot with 3,000 hours in more than 30 types of aircraft.

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PAYLOAD OVERVIEW

TheS5shortspacerisshownintheSpaceStationProcessing FacilityatKennedySpaceCenter.

STARBOARD 5 (S5) SHORT SPACER

During STS118, space shuttle Endeavour will deliver as its primary payload theBoeingbuilt squareshapedStarboard5segmenttotheright side of the International Space Stations back bone. The shuttles cargo also includes more than 740 either Boeingbuilt and/or Boeing designed flight hardware components to the

station. S5 is part of the 11segment integrated truss structure (ITS) and the third starboard truss element to be delivered. Without S5, one quarter of the space stations power cannot be realized. The ITS forms the stations backbone withmountingsforunpressurizedlogisticscar riers, radiators, solar arrays and various other elements.S5willbeattachedtotheStarboard4 (S4)trusselementviatheModifiedRocketdyne

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 Truss Attachment System (MRTAS) interface. S5 is used primarily to connect power, cooling lines and serve as a spacer between the S4 photovoltaic module (PVM) and Starboard 6 (S6) PVM, which will be joined during a later assembly mission. S5 is very similar in con struction to the long spacer located on S6. WithouttheS5shortspacer,theS4andS6solar arrayswouldnotbeabletoconnectduetothe way the photovoltaic arrays (PVA) are de ployedonorbit. The girderlike structure is made of mostly aluminum and provides several extravehicular aids, robotic interfaces, ammonia servicing hardware (as part of the Stations External Ac tive Thermal Control System that allows am monia fluid to transfer from S4 to S6) and can alsoaccommodateanexternalstorageplatform. The Enhanced Universal Trunnion Attachment System (EUTAS) allows platforms to be at tached to S5 for the storage of additional sci ence payloads or spare Orbital Replacement Units.S5alsohaswhitethermalblanketsonthe structure,which helpshadetheS4Solar Array AssemblyORUs. S5 Specifications Dimensions: Length is 132.813 inches or 11 feet and 0.813 inches (3.37 meters) Width is 179.014 inches or 14 feet, 11 inches (4.55 meters) Height is 167.031 inches or 13 feet and 11 inches (4.24 meters) Weight: Cost: 4,010 lbs $10,971,693

S5istransferredusingtheshuttlearmfromthe payload bay to the Space Station Robotic Ma nipulator System (SSRMS) where it will be placed into the install or softdock position. WhilebeingmovedontheSSRMS,S5willhave abouttwoinchesofclearanceasitpassestheS4 SequentialShuntUnit(SSU).Thetrusselement is installed robotically with help from crew members. During the first spacewalk, astro nauts will use the MRTAS to connect S5 to S4 by using their portable hand tools to drive in four 3/4 inch diameter primary bolts in each corner.Ifaprimaryboltcannotbesecured,two contingency bolts at each corner on S5 can be tightenedintothenutassembliesonS4. AnotheruniquefeatureofS5isthePhotovoltaic RadiatorGrappleFeature(PVRGF).Forlaunch, thePVRGFisstowedontop(zenith)ofS5and is used by the shuttle and station robotic arms tograbS5andpullitoutandattachit.AfterS5 isattachedtoS4,thePVRGFwillberelocatedto the keel during the first spacewalk by using fourfasteners.ThePVRGFalsoisusedtograp ple the stations photovoltaic radiators (PVR) locatedonP3/P4,S3/S4,P6andS6.ThePVRGF canbeusedtoreplaceaPVR,shouldtheymal functionorbecomedamagedfromdebriswhile onorbit. Boeings Rocketdyne Power and Propulsion (now Pratt and Whitney) designed S5. S5 was constructed in Tulsa, Okla., in 2000. S5 arrived atKennedySpaceCenterJuly19,2001,forfinal manufacture, acceptance and checkout. Boeing willcontinuetoprovidesustainingengineering ofS5andfortheentire310footintegratedtruss assembly.

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DrawingshowsthePhotovoltaicRadiatorGrappleFeature(PVRGF) attachedtoafoldedphotovoltaicradiator(PVR)

EXTERNAL STOWAGE PLATFORM-3

Forthefirsttimeever,spaceshuttleastronauts willnothavetoconductaspacewalktoinstalla vital piece of equipment onto the International SpaceStation(ISS).Theefforttoinstallastow age platform equipped with crucial Boeing built spare parts during the STS118 mission willbedonecompletelybyrobotics,usingonly theshuttleandstationsroboticarms,anExter nal Berthing Camera System (BCS) and a Photovoltaic Radiator Grapple Fixture (PVRGF).Astronautswillroboticallyinstallthe platformontothestationsPort3trusselement duringthemissionsseventhday.

ESP3 is an external pallet that can securely holduptosevencriticalspareparts,orOrbital Replacement Units (ORUs), for the station. ESP3isthethirdinaseriesofexternalstorage pallets transported to the station and will be attachedtothePort3trusselement.ESP1was installed to the stations U.S. Destiny Lab on STS102/ 5A.1 in March 2001. ESP2 was in stalled to the U.S. Airlock on STS114//LF1 in August2005. TheBoeing parts flown ontheESP3 includea Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) for station attitude control, a Nitrogen Tank Assembly (NTA)forpressurizingexternalthermalcontrol

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 system ammonia lines and Battery Charge/Discharge Unit (BCDU) for charging stationbatteries. ESP3 has six Flight Releasable Attachment Mechanisms (FRAM) to secure or release the ORUsandotherequipmentstoredonitandan Ammonia Tank Assembly (ATA) Flight Sup port Equipment (FSE) directly mounted to a seventhsite.LikeESP2,theplatformisderived from an Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC), an equipmentcarrierdesignedforuseintheshut tles payload, and adapted for deployment on thestationbydevelopingadevicetoattachitto ISSstructure. Electrical power for the ESP3 pallet and its contentsisprovidedbytheshuttlewhileinthe payloadbayandbythestationafterinstallation on P3. Most of the ORUs have heaters to keep theirinternalcomponentsfromgettingtoocold

while stored on the ESP3, although only the CMG ORU is expected to draw heater power due to its +35 degrees Fahrenheit thermostat setting. The CMG ORU is removed from the ESP3bytheEVAcrew(withroboticassist)on flightday6andtransferredtotheESP2onthe JointAirlockaspartoftheCMG3removaland replacement activity. The shuttle power cables are disconnected from the ESP2 just prior to CMGremoval. With the berthing camera and grapple fixture asaides,theESP3installationprocessinvolves Endeavour astronauts removing the platform from the shuttle payload bay on flight day 7 with its robotic arm and handing it off to the stations robotic arm. The stations robotic arm will then mount ESP3 directly to the Port 3 truss element. Primary power for ESP3 comes from the station through the Port 3 truss seg ment.

TheExternalStowagePlatform3(ESP3)isthefirstInternationalSpace Stationelementthatwillbewillbeinstalledcompletelybyrobotics.

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ESP-3 launches with the following ORUs:

Battery Charge/Discharge Unit (BCDU) The BCDU charges batteries and provides conditioned battery power to power buses duringeclipseperiods. Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) The CMG maintains the station in the desired attitude, and the CMG system must cancel or absorb the momentum generated by the disturbancetorquesactingonthestation. NitrogenTankAssembly(NTA)TheNTA isanORUforoneoftwoinstalledNTAson the S1 and P1 Truss that provide a back pressure for ammonia in the external ther malcontrolsystemlines. Pitch Roll Joint (P/RJ) The P/RJ is an ORU provided by the Canadian Space AgencyfortheCanadaARM2,orSpaceSta tionRemoteManipulatorSystem(SSRMS).

Weight:Emptystructureweighsabout6,937.44 pounds.(2901.7kg).AtlaunchwithORUsand other equipment, ESP3 will weigh about 7,495.46pounds(3399.7kg). Dimensions:4metersby2.2meters Structure:AnIntegratedCargoCarrier(ICC)is thebasicstructureofESP3withsixFRAMsites attached and one direct mount ATA FSE. The Passive Carrier Attachment System (PCAS) structure, developed by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, connects the ESP3 to the P3 CAS. Each ORU has an active FRAM to at tach the ORU/Flight Support Equipmenttothe passiveFRAMsitemountedontheESP3. Construction: Integration of the ORUs with their Flight Support Equipment onto the ICC was performed by SPACEHAB, Inc. at Cape Canaveral,Fla.OncetheORUswereintegrated onto the ESP3 by SPACEHAB, the entire as semblywastransferredtoKennedySpaceCen ters Space Station Processing Facility for final processing.

ESP-3 Statistics:
ProjectIntegrator:LockheedMartin MajorContractors: ICCSPACEHABInc. PowerCablesBoeing ORUs Boeing, Honeywell, Lockheed Sunny vale,andLoral ORUFSELockheed Purpose: ESP3 is an unpressurized external storagepalletwitheightattachmentsitescapa ble of holding up to seven ISS spare parts and assemblies. The pallet also has handrails and attachmentpointsfortethersandfootrestraints thatastronautscanusewhileworkingwiththe ORUsontheESP3.

SPACEHABS LOGISTICS SINGLE MODULE

TheLogisticsSingleModule(LSM)isapressur ized aluminum habitat that is carried in the space shuttles cargo bay to enhance the on board working and living environment for the crew. Connected to the shuttles middeck by a pressurized access tunnel, the LSM is about 10 feet long, 14 feet wide and 11 feet high. This combination pressurized cargo carrier/research laboratory offers 1,100 cubic feet of habitable volume. The LSM can accommodate up to 118 middeck locker equivalent volumes on the module bulkheads, the double rack and the Maximum Envelope Stowage System (MESS) rack. The MESS rack also has the capability to

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 accommodate oversized items. With a payload capacity of 6,000 pounds, the LSM will carry a multitude of pressurized cargo and research payloadsontheSTS118mission.Payloadsthat SPACEHAB will be integrating onto the LSM includecargotransferbags,whichcarryessen tial crew provisions including food, personal items and clothing, hardware required for op erating the spade station and research pay loads. Uponitsreturnhome,theLSMwillbringback about 3,000 pounds of cargo including a high priorityDepartmentofDefensepayloadknown astheMISSEPEC.Thissuitcasesizedtestbed wasattachedtotheoutsideofthespacestation inJuly2006andcontainedabout875specimens of various materials, representing 40 different investigators including government research

ers, aerospace contractors and manufacturers. The containers exposed hundreds of potential space construction materials and solar cells to theharshenvironmentofspace.WhenEndeav our returns to Earth, the equipment will un dergo analysis, providing investigators with datatodesignmoredurablespacecraft.

SPACEHAB Bioscience Payload

During the STS118 mission, SPACEHAB will be facilitating PreProcessing Tests (PPTs) on twosignificantbiosciencepayloadsstowedina spaceshuttlemiddecklocker.ThePPTsareex pected to validate microgravity bioscience techniques,establishingthegroundworkforthe companys future role for the processing of pharmaceutical and advanced materials in mi crogravity.

IntheSpaceStationProcessingFacility,workerspreparetheSpacehabmoduleforits movetothepayloadcanister.ThemoduleispartofthepayloadonmissionSTS118 andwillbeloadedintoSpaceShuttleEndeavourspayloadbayatthepad.

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MOTION CONTROL SUBSYSTEM

The International Space Station (ISS) control system is composed of Russian and U.S. seg mentsthatmaintainattitudecontrol.Whenthe Russiansegmentisincontrol,itusesthrusters, whichburnpropellant.WhentheU.S.segment is in control, Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs),manufacturedbyL3Communications, are used. Four CMGs are mounted on the Z1 truss. The truss is an exterior framework that houses the gyroscopes and some communica tions equipment and temporarily serves as a mounting platform for large solar arrays, now retracted, that provided power to the station beforepermanentsolararrayswereinstalledon the main US power truss. A shuttle crew in stalledtheZ1trusswiththefourgyroscopesin October2000. To maintain the station in the desired attitude, the CMG system must cancel or absorb the momentum generated by the disturbance torquesactingonthestation.TheCMGsrelyon electricalpowerreadilyavailablefromthesolar poweredelectricalsubsystem. Each CMG weighs approximately 600 pounds. A CMG consists of a large flat 220pound stainlesssteelflywheelthatrotatesataconstant speed (6,600 rpm) and develops an angular momentum of 3,600 ftlbsec (4,880 Newton metersec) about its spin axis. This rotating wheel is mounted in a twodegreeoffreedom gimbal system that can point the spin axis (momentum vector) of the wheel in any direc tion. Control motors on the CMG gimbals changetheorientationofthespinningrotorsto produce torque on the station to balance the effects of gravity and aerodynamics, maintain ing the station at an equilibrium attitude with outusingpropellant.

At least two CMGs are needed to provide atti tudecontrolandaretheminimumnecessaryto steerandsteadythestationasittravelsaround the Earth every 90 minutes at a speed of more thanfivemileseachsecond. The International Space Station currently has three CMGs operating normally, and one that has been shut down due to high vibrations. This CMG is scheduled to be replaced on STS118.

CMG Statistics:
Primaryintegrator:Boeing Manufacturer: L3 Communications, Space and NavigationDivision,BuddLake,N.J. Weight:600pounds Purpose: Control the attitude of the Interna tionalSpaceStationwithoutuseofpropellant Structure: Each CMG contains a 220pound stainlesssteelflywheelthatspinsat6,600rpm. Removal and Installation: Only six bolts and four power connectors need to be detached to remove the Control Moment Gyroscope from thestationsZ1Truss.

ControlMomentGyroscope

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STATION-TO-SHUTTLE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM (SSPTS)

After an unprecedented series of three station spacewalks in February, the StationtoShuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS) onboard the spacestationiscompleteandwillallowthesta tion to supplement the shuttles with electrical power. Shuttle modifications were completed inMay2007,andthenewcapabilitywillenable the shuttle to stay onorbit longer, provide ad ditionalcrewtimeforscienceactivitiesandEx tra Vehicular Activities (EVA), and permit ad ditionalcargotobeunloadedbyastronauts. ThespaceshuttleDiscoverywasthelastofthe threeshuttlestobeupgraded,andthenewsys temwillbeutilizedduringshuttleEndeavours STS118mission.Endeavourwasthefirstofthe shuttlestobeupgraded. The SSPTS project is unique because its the firstmajordevelopmentprojectthattheBoeing International Space Station and NASAs Space Shuttleprogramshaveworkedontogether.The Boeing ISS Program is providing the funding underitsexistingcontract. Theupgradewillallowthespaceshuttleselec tricalpowersystemtoconnectintothestations solar arrays to transfer power from the station totheshuttle,resultinginalowerconsumption rate of liquid hydrogen and oxygen used for makingelectricitybytheshuttlesfuelcells.The SSPTS upgrade also will allow the shuttle to increaseitstimedockedtothestationfrom68 to912daysdependingonthemissionconfigu ration. The increased docking time will provide the station and visiting crew members with more time for logistics supply transfer, additional experimentsanddetailedshuttleinspections.

Beforethemodifications,thespaceshuttlefleet only had the capability to transfer power from its28voltdcsystemtothestations120voltdc system through a device called the Assembly PowerConverterUnit(APCU).Thefleet,how ever,couldnottransferpowerfromthestation to the shuttle. The SSPTS upgrade will replace the APCU with a device called the Power Transfer Unit (PTU). The PTU includes the ca pabilities of the APCU with the additional ca pability to convert from the stations 120volt systemtotheshuttles28voltsystem.Withthis upgrade, the station is now able to transfer up to eight kilowatts of power to the shuttle in a package that fits into the same footprint as the existingAPCU. In addition to the PTU, new power cables and displays were integratedintospace shuttleEn deavour and Discovery. The additional station cables are routed along the outside of the Boe ingbuilt U.S. Destiny lab. The power passes alongthePressurizedMatingAdapter2,where theshuttledockstothestationthroughtheex istingelectricalportsusedbytheAPCU.

Timeline:
Engineering Model (EM) testing of the PTUsandsystemleveltestingusingtheEM PTUs were completed during the summer andfallof2006. Installation of the orbiter cables was com pleted in Endeavour (OV105) at Kennedy SpaceCenterinthesummer2006. ThestationcableswerelaunchedtotheISS onSTS116inDecember2006. Qualification of the flight PTU design was completedonJan.31,2007.

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 Aportionofthestationcableswasinstalled duringISSstageEVA6onJan.31,2007 DeliveryofthefirstflightPTUoccurredon Feb. 5, 2007, in preparation for launch on ISS assembly flight 13A.1, scheduled for flightonSTS118aboardEndeavour. Theremainingstation cableswere installed Feb.7,2007,duringEVA8. The cables for Discovery (OV103) were completedandinstalledinMay2007. when in the shuttles cargo bay and provide heaterpowertopressurizedmodulesbeingde liveredtothestation. BoeingbeganworkontheprojectinSeptember 2003, but had a slight head start due to some internal development work that was done at theHuntingtonBeachandCanogaPark,Calif., facilities.PrattandWhineyRocketdynePropul sion and Power (Canoga Park) manufactured the PTU, while the Boeing Houston Product SupportCentermanufacturedthecablesforthe station. Boeing Huntington Beach has devel opedtheshuttleupgrades,suchasthenewca bles for each shuttle, cockpit control switches andcrewdisplays.

Thespaceshuttleisstillabletosupply120volt powerthroughtheAPCUconverterinthePTU to power the MultiPurpose Logistics Module

PowerTransferUnit(PTU)FlightUnit#1

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MISSION PROFILE

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RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING

AviewphotographedfromtheInternationalSpaceStationshowstheSpaceShuttleAtlantis backdroppedoverterrainasthetwospacecraftwerenearingtheirmuchanticipated linkupinEarthorbit. About 2.5 hours before docking, Endeavours jets willbefired duringwhatiscalled theTer minalInitiationburntobeginthefinalphaseof the rendezvous. Endeavour will close the final milestothestationduringthenextorbit. As Endeavour moves closer to the station, the shuttles rendezvous radar system and trajec tory control sensor will track the complex and providerangeandclosingratedatatothecrew. Duringthefinalapproach,Endeavourwillexe cute several small midcourse correction burns that will place the shuttle about 1,000 feet di rectly below the station. STS118 Commander ScottKellythenwillmanuallycontroltheshut tlefortheremainderoftheapproachanddock ing. He will stop theapproach600feet beneath the station to ensure proper lighting for imagery prior to initiating the standard Rendezvous PitchManeuver(RPM),orbackflip.

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 Kelly will maneuver Endeavour through a 9minute, 360degree backflip that allows the stationcrewtotakeasmanyas300digitalpic turesoftheshuttlesheatshield. On verbal cue from Pilot Charles Hobaugh to the station crew, Kelly will command Endeav ourtobeginanoseforward, threequarterofa degreepersecondrotationalbackflip. Both the 400 and the 800mm digital camera lenses will be used to photograph Endeavour bystationcrewmembers.The400mmlenspro vides up to 3inch resolution and the 800mm lens can provide up to 1inch resolution. The imagery includes the upper surfaces of the shuttle as well as Endeavours underside, cap turing pictures of the nose landing gear door seals,themainlandinggeardoorsealsandthe elevoncove. Thephotoswillbetakenoutofwindowsinthe Zvezda Service Module using Kodak DCS 760 digital cameras. The imagery is one of several inspectiontechniquestodeterminethehealthof theshuttlesthermalprotectionsystem,includ ingthetilesandreinforcedcarboncarbonwing leadingedgesandnosecap. Thephotoswillbedownlinkedthroughthesta tions Kuband communications system for analysis by systems engineers and mission managers. When Endeavour completes its rotation, its payloadbaywillbefacingthestation. Kelly then will move Endeavour to a position about400feetdirectlyinfrontofthestationin preparationforthefinalapproachtodockingto theDestinydockingport.

Rendezvous Approach Profile

Space Shuttle Rendezvous Maneuvers

OMS-1 (Orbit insertion) - Rarely used ascent burn. OMS-2 (Orbit insertion) - Typically used to circularize the initial orbit following ascent, completing orbital insertion. For ground-up rendezvous flights, also considered a rendezvous phasing burn. NC (Rendezvous phasing) - Performed to hit a range relative to the target at a future time. NH (Rendezvous height adjust) - Performed to hit a delta-height relative to the target at a future time. NPC (Rendezvous plane change) - Performed to remove planar errors relative to the target at a future time. NCC (Rendezvous corrective combination) First on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous sequence. Using star tracker data, it is performed to remove phasing and height errors relative to the target at Ti. Ti (Rendezvous terminal intercept) - Second on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous sequence. Using primarily rendezvous radar data, it places the orbiter on a trajectory to intercept the target in one orbit. MC-1, MC-2, MC-3, MC-4 (Rendezvous midcourse burns) - These on-board targeted burns use star tracker and rendezvous radar data to correct the post Ti trajectory in preparation for the final, manual proximity operations phase.

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 The shuttles crew members operate laptop computersprocessingthenavigationaldata,the laser range systems and Endeavours docking mechanism. Using a view from a camera mounted in the centeroftheOrbiterDockingSystem,Kellywill preciselymatchupthedockingportsofthetwo spacecraft. If necessary, he will temporarily pause30feetfromthestationtoensureproper alignmentofthedockingmechanisms. For Endeavours docking, Kelly will maintain the shuttles speed relative to the station at aboutonetenthofafootpersecond(whileboth Endeavour and the station are traveling at

about 17,500 mph), and keep the docking mechanisms aligned to within a tolerance of three inches. When Endeavour makes contact with the station, preliminary latches will auto matically attach the two spacecraft. Immedi atelyafterEndeavourdocks,theshuttlessteer ingjetswillbedeactivatedtoreducetheforces acting at the docking interface. Shock absorber springsinthedockingmechanismwilldampen anyrelativemotionbetweentheshuttleandthe station. Once the motion between the spacecraft has beenstopped,thedockingringwillberetracted to close a final set of latches between the two vehicles.

BackdroppedbyruggedEarthterrain,theSpaceShuttleAtlantisapproachesthe InternationalSpaceStationduringSTS117rendezvousanddockingoperations.

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UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE

At undocking time, the hooks and latches will be opened, and springs will push the shuttle awayfromthestation.Endeavourssteeringjets willbeshutofftoavoidanyinadvertentfirings duringtheinitialseparation. OnceEndeavourisabouttwofeetfromthesta tion and the docking devices are clear of one another, Hobaugh will turn the steering jets back on and will manually control Endeavour within a tight corridor as the shuttle separates fromthestation.

Endeavourwillmovetoadistanceofabout450 feet, where Hobaugh will begin to fly around the station in its new configuration. This ma neuver will occur only if propellant margins andmissiontimelineactivitiespermit. Once Endeavour completes 1.5 revolutions of the complex, Hobaugh will fire Endeavours jets to leave the area. The shuttle will move about 46 miles from the station and remain there while ground teams analyze data from the late inspection of the shuttles heat shield. Thedistanceiscloseenoughtoallowtheshut tletoreturntothestationintheunlikelyevent thattheheatshieldisdamaged,preventingthe shuttlesreentry.

BackdroppedbytheblacknessofspaceandEarthshorizon,theInternationalSpaceStation movesawayfromtheSpaceShuttleAtlantis.EarliertheSTS117andExpedition15crews concludedabouteightdaysofcooperativeworkonboardtheshuttleandstation.

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ThisimagedepictstheconfigurationoftheInternationalSpaceStationafterthe shuttleundocksfromtheorbitaloutpostduringtheSTS118mission.

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SPACEWALKS
TheprimaryfocusforSTS118sspacewalks,or extravehicularactivities(EVAs),istoinstallthe Starboard 5 (S5) short spacer truss segment to therightsideoftheintegratedtrusssystemand remove and replace control moment gyro scope3,whichfailedlastyear.

ThesquareshapedS5trussisaboutthe lengthofasmallcompactcarandweighs 4,010 pounds. When the stations truss system is complete, therewillbe11integratedsegmentsthatstretch 356 feet. The truss will support four virtually identical solar array assemblies that generate electrical power and hold radiators to cool the station.

Thiscomputergraphicdepictshowthe S5trusswillbegrappledbythestations roboticarmandinstalledtotheintegrated trusssystem. The installation of S5 is similar to that of the STS116 mission, where its sister Port 5 (P5) segment was installed. The squareshaped S5truss is about the length of a small compact car and weighs 4,010 pounds. It will provide structural shaping, utility connections and suf ficientspanforadequateclearancebetweenthe Starboard 4 (S4) and Starboard 6 (S6) solar ar raysastheytrackthesun.

TheS5truss,showninstalled,inthe lowerforeground.

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 The missions three planned spacewalks also include some assembly and maintenance tasks in preparation for the relocation of the Port 6 (P6) truss planned for the STS120 mission. Those tasks include relocating two crew and equipment translation aid (CETA) carts, mov ingtheP6Sbandantennae,installingthePort1 (P1)basebandsignalprocessorandtransponder andretrievingtheP6transponder. The spacewalks, each estimated to last 6.5 hours, are planned on flight days 4, 6 and 8. However, mission managers could add three more days to the 11day mission and add an other spacewalk after the StationtoShuttle

PowerTransferSystem(SSPTS)isactivatedand checkedout. Firsttime spacewalkers Rick Mastracchio and DaveWilliamswilldothefirsttwoEVAs.Mas tracchio and Expedition 15 Flight Engineer ClaytonAndersonwilldothethird.Ifthemis sion is extended, Williams and Anderson will performthefourthspacewalk.MissionSpecial ist Tracy Caldwell will be the intravehicular lead for the spacewalks, assisting the space walkers from inside the spacecraft with their tasks. Pilot Charlie Hobaugh will operate the station robotic arm and Mission Specialist Bar baraR.Morganwilloperatetheshuttlerobotic arm.

AstronautRichardA.(Rick)Mastracchio,STS118missionspecialist,attiredinatrainingversion ofhisExtravehicularMobilityUnit(EMU)spacesuit,awaitsatrainingsessioninthewaters oftheNeutralBuoyancyLaboratory(NBL)nearJohnsonSpaceCenter.

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CanadianSpaceAgencyastronautDaveWilliamspreparesfora trainingsessionintheNeutralBuoyancyLaboratory. The spacewalkers will be identifiable by vari ous markings on their spacesuits. Mastracchio willwearonewithsolidredstripes,whileWil liams suit will be solid white. Anderson will wearasuitwithred,brokenstripes. The spacewalks will start from the stations Quest airlock. As in recent missions, the astro nauts will prepare for the EVA by using the campout prebreathe protocol, spending the night before the spacewalk in the airlock. The prebreathe exercise purges nitrogen from the astronautssystemssotheyavoidthecondition knownasthebends.

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AstronautClaytonC.Anderson,Expedition15NASAspacestationscienceofficer andflightengineer,getshelpwiththedonningofatrainingversionofhisEMU spacesuitpriortobeingsubmergedintheNBL. Duringthecampout,thecrewmembersisolate themselvesintheairlock.Theairlocksairpres sure is lowered to 10.2 psi, while the station is kept at 14.7 psi, or near sealevel pressure. Upon rising, the astronauts don oxygen masks and the airlocks pressure is raised again to 14.7psi for an hour. After breakfast, the pres sure is lowered back to 10.2 psi for an addi tional hour as the spacewalk suits are donned. Anadditional30minutesinthesuitscompletes the protocol. As a result, the crew can get out sideearliertoperformthedaystasks. Duration:6:30 EVAOperations: Egress/Setup(00:50) S5LaunchLockRemoval(00:35) S5Installation(01:30) PVRGFTransfertoKeel(01:00) Getaheads(00:15) S5Cleanup(0:35) P6PVRCinch(01:10) Cleanup/Ingress(00:35)

EVA 1
EV1:Mastracchio EV2:Williams

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 The most important objective during EVA 1 is toinstalltheS5truss.Oneofthechallengesthat Hobaugh will face is sliding the S5 spacer into its position using the stations robotic arm, known as the Space Station Remote Manipula tor System. In a move similar to parallel park ing in a snug space, the spacer will come as close as 2.7 inches to the S4 truss. The two spacewalkerswillmonitorstructuralclearances forthemaneuver. OncetheS5isinposition,MastracchioandWil liamswillremovethelocksthatsecureditand S4duringlaunch.Thetrusswillbebroughtinto softcapturepositionsothatthecrewcanfas tentheprimarystructuralbolts. WiththeS5secured,thetwospacewalkerswill move the Photovoltaic Radiator Grapple Fix ture(PVRGF)fromitslaunchlocationontopof S5tothekeelofthetruss.ThePVRGFisahan dle that was used by the shuttle and station armstomovethetruss.Itis beingrelocatedto provideenoughclearanceforthesolararraysto rotateandtrackthesun.

Next, the two also will monitor the retraction and cinching of the P6 photovoltaic radiator, readyingitforthenextshuttlemission.There traction will provide clearance for the robotic armthatwillbeusedwhentheSbandantenna subassembly(SASA)ismovedduringthethird spacewalk.

P6FwdPVR

EVA 2
EV1:Mastracchio EV2:Williams Duration:6:30 EVAOperations: Egress/Setup(00:50) RemoveFailedCMG(00:30) TransferNewCMGtoESP2(01:30) RemoveNewCMGfromFSE onESP2(00:50) InstallNewCMGonZ1(00:55) InstallFailedCMGintoFSEonESP2 (01:10) Cleanup/Ingress(0:45)

S5installationonS4 Iftimepermits,thecrewwillpreparetheS5for the future attachment of the S6 truss segment, connect six utility cables between S5 and S4, remove the S5 and S6 launch locks and open theS5capturelatchassembly.

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 Duringthesecondspacewalk,Mastracchioand Williamswillremove andreplace a failed con trol moment gyroscope. The stations four CMGsprovideprimaryattitudecontrolforthe station.CMG3sufferedamechanicalfailurein October 2006. The remaining gyroscopes have been providing attitude control since then, but all four CMGs will be needed as the stations integratedtrusscontinuestoexpand. During the spacewalk, Mastracchio and Wil liamswillremovethefailedCMGfromtheZe nith1(Z1)trussandtemporarilystowitonthe truss.Then,thecrewwillmovetotheshuttles payload bay and remove the new CMG from where it is stowed on external stowage plat form3(ESP3).Thestationsroboticarmwillbe used to transfer the CMG to ESP2, located on thestarboardsideoftheQuestAirlock,topre pareitforinstallationontheZ1truss.
CMG #3 on Z1

OncethenewCMGisinstalled,thefailedCMG will be moved from the truss to ESP2. The CMG will be returned to Earth on a later mis sion. External stowage platforms are designed to hold Orbital Replacement Units, or ORUs, suchastheCMGs. The two spacewalkers also will install the Z1 shroud,anembossedsilver Teflonblanketthat isusedtoprotecttheCMGfromheat.

EVA 3
EV1:Mastracchio EV3:Anderson Duration:6:30 EVAOperations: Egress/Setup(01:00) EV1:SASARelocation(01:55) EV3:P1BSPandXPDRInstall(01:55) CETACartRelocation(02:00) EV1:Z1SASAGimbalBolts(00:30) MISSE3/4Retrieval(00:30) EV3:P6TransponderRetrieval(01:00) Cleanup/Ingress(00:35)

New CMG on ESP-3 in Orbiter Payload Bay

The primary purpose of the third spacewalk is to prepare for the relocation of the P6 truss, planned for the STS120 mission, targeted for October.
CMG IA stowage location on ESP-2

Oneoftheprimarytasksistorelocatetwocrew and equipment translation aid (CETA) carts from the port side of the stations Mobile Transporter to its starboard side. This will al low the Mobile Transporter to move to the properworksitewhentheP6trussisrelocated.

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 Duringthespacewalk,MastracchioandAnder sonalsowillupgradetheportSband commu nications system. Using the stations robotic arm, Hobaugh will move the Sband antenna subassembly,orSASA,fromtheP6trusstothe P1. The two astronauts will then install a new Sband transponder and baseband signal proc essor to P1 and activate it. Together with the relocated SASA antenna, the new transponder and processor provide upgraded voice com municationsforthestation. MastracchioandAndersonalsowillretrievethe P6 transponder so that it can be returned to Earth where it will be upgraded and available for a future mission. They will engage the Z1 SASAgimballockstopreparethemforthenext mission and recover some material experi ments,MISSEexperiments3and4,toreturnto Earth.
P6 SASA Removal

EVA 4 (IF ADDITIONAL DAYS ADDED TO MISSION)

EV2:Williams EV3:Anderson Duration:6:30 EVAOperations: Egress/Setup(00:20) OBSSBoomStandInstall(01:00) EV2:GPSAntenna#4Remove(00:40) EV3:P6AuxBagMove(00:30) EWISAntennaInstall(01:30) LabMMODShieldCleanup(00:30) NodeMMODShieldCleanup(00:30) CP1WETAAntennaInstall(01:15) Timepermittingbasedon MMODShieldCleanup

P1 SASA Install

Cleanup/Ingress(00:45)

BSP/XPDR Install

CETA Cart Relocations

If mission managers add three more days and another spacewalk, Williams and Anderson will install orbital support equipment for the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) on the S1truss. This installation will allow the addi tion of a 50foot inspection boom assembly (IBA) during STS123, targeted for February 2008.Theboomassemblywillbeusedforheat shield inspections during the STS124 mission, targetedforApril. TheOBSSprovidesthecapabilitytoinspectthe shuttle for thermal protection system (TPS) damageand,ifneeded,toprovideaplatformto perform TPS repair during a spacewalk. The

MISSE Retrieval

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 IBA will consist of two laser sensors, a special black and white TV camera (ITVC), an inte grated sensor inspection system (ISIS) digital camera, a pan and tilt unit, two grapple fix tures,andEVAhandholds. ThecrewalsowillinstalltheS3WirelessVideo SystemExternalTransceiverAssembly(WETA) oncameraport1ontheS3trusstoprovidebet ter wireless video coverage during future mis sions. Additional tasks that may be added to the spacewalkincluderetrievingfailedglobalposi tioningsatelliteantennaNo.4andinstallingthe External Wireless Instrumentation System In stallationAntenna.Thecrewalsowillmovethe P6 Auxiliary Bag, which holds contingency spacewalktools,fromP6totheDestinylab.The move to amore centralized area is expected to save spacewalking time should the tools be needed.

If time permits, Williams and Anderson also will secure the debris shields on the stations lab and Node 1. During STS117, spacewalkers wereunabletofullyfastentheshieldsandused tetherstoholdtheminplace.

OBSS OSE Install

WETA Install

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EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT

NASAsOfficeofEducationaimstostrengthen NASA and the nations future workforce by attracting and retaining students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM,disciplines.TheEducatorAstronautPro ject (EAP) is part of NASAs Elementary and Secondary Education Program. NASA believes that by increasing the number of students in volved in NASArelated activities at the ele mentary and secondary education levels more studentswillbeinspiredandmotivatedtopur suehigherlevelsofSTEMcourses. TheEAPfacilitateseducationopportunitiesand activities that use the unique environment of spaceflight. It builds upon space exploration andtheexperiencesofastronautstolaunchthe nextgenerationofexplorers. NASAhasselected educators withexpertise in kindergartenthrough12thgrade classrooms to train to become fully qualified astronauts. NASAwillsendeducatorstospacesothatthey can use their skills and experiences as class room teachers to connect space exploration to theclassroom.Byutilizingtheirtalentsasedu cators and the unique platform of spaceflight, these astronauts can offer a new avenue for imagination and ingenuity for teachers and theirclassrooms. Therearefoureducatorsintheastronautcorps, Barbara Morgan, Joe Acaba, Ricky Arnold and Dottie MetcalfLindenburger. Morgan is as signed as a mission specialist on STS118. Acaba,ArnoldandMetcalfLindenburgercom pleted their initial astronaut training in Febru ary 2006. They now support various aspects of theInternationalSpaceStationandspace shut tle operations in the Astronaut Office at NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston. Their assignments are no different than those givenotherastronauts. TheEAPcollaborateswithitsNetworkofEdu cator Astronaut Teachers (NEAT) to develop additional ways to provide teachers unique professionaldevelopmentopportunities,which will strengthen the overall teaching of STEM disciplines. NEAT is currently comprised of approximately 190 teachers from around the country, excellent educators who applied in 2003, but were not selected for educator astro naut positions. NASA provides NEAT with professional development through national conferences and workshops at NASAs field centers. They receive NASA education re sources,specialtrainingandareofferedunique NASAexperiences. NASA Education and the EAP are planning a variety of education activities that will give students, educators and families the opportu nity to engage in the STS118 mission, before, during and after the flight. Educator resources areavailableonline.

EDUCATION PAYLOAD OPERATIONS (EPO)

Overview
EducationPayloadOperations(EPO)isanedu cation payload or activity designed to support NASAs mission to inspire the next generation of explorers. Generally, these payloads and ac tivities focus on demonstrating science, mathe matics, technology, engineering or geography principles on orbit. EPO goals and objectives are met by capturing video and still images of

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 thecrewoperatingEPOhardware.The images are used to support NASA education products andservices.Theoverallgoalforeverymission is to facilitate education opportunities that use theuniqueenvironmentofspaceflight. InsupportofSTS118,NASAEducationhasput together a comprehensive education plan de signed to engage students in the mission through an engineering design challenge in which students will design, build and assess their own plant growth chambers for future missions to the moon. The challenge ties di rectly to the two education payloads planned forSTS118(EPOKitCandEPOEducator). EPOEducatorismanifestedforlaunch and re turnonflightSTS118,whileEPOKitCismani fested for launch on STS118 and return on STS120, targeted for October. The investiga tionsandrelatedactivitieswillhavestrongties to NASAs Vision for Space Exploration, en couraging students to pursue studies and ca reers in STEM fields and applying these disci plinestofutureexplorationgoals.

EPO-Kit C
EPOKitCisaneducationpayloadconsistingof two small collapsible plant growth chambers and the associated hardware to conduct a 20day plant germination investigation (See Figure below). During the investigation, crew memberswillmaintaintheplantsandwillcap ture still images of plant growth. All images will be incorporated into a comprehensive set of education activities planned in association withSTS118andExpedition15.

EPO- Educator
EPOEducator isaneducationpayload consist ingofapproximately10millionbasilseeds.The seedswill launchandreturnwithSTS118. Af terthemission,theseedswillbedistributedto studentsandeducatorsaspartofacomprehen sive education plan for STS118. Onorbit op erations include capturing still images of the seeds in a microgravity environment. The still imageswillbeincorporatedintoasetofeduca tionactivities.

EPOKitCHardwareandPlantGrowthChamber

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 Both EPOKit C and EPOEducator align with groundbased education activities being plannedinconjunctionwithSTS118.Aspartof these activities, students in kindergarten through12thgradewillplan,design,buildand validate the performance of their plant growth chamber design using flown and control seeds by conducting scientific investigations of their choosing.

(CLCs) across the nation, enabling 400,000 stu dentsand25,000teacherstoexperienceasimu lated space mission each year. The Robert L. Ford School NASA Explorer School is a full service community school that offers a variety of services to help support families and stu dents.

EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
NASA Education developed a Web presence for STS118, http://www.nasa.gov/sts118. This site provides a central location for all informa tionrelatedtoeducationopportunities.Thesite containsavarietyofinformationoneventsand opportunities, education challenges, education materials, relatedstories and partnerships.The Events and Opportunities section involves current opportunities to engage in conferences andworkshops. The Education Challenges section involves opportunities to engage students in exciting learning experiences. The Education Materi als section includes focused materials con nected to the STS118 mission objectives. The Related Stories & Profiles section portrays stories related to the STS118 crew and their interaction with education audiences. Through a series of profiles, students and teachers will learnmoreabouttheSTS118spaceshuttlemis sion through a behindthescenes look from a fewmembersoftheteamthatarepreparingfor the flight. At the same time, readers will learn moreaboutsomeofthemanydiversejobsper formedbytheNASAworkforce.ThePartner ships section includes the organizations that NASA has partnered with to involve students in the excitement of the STS118 space shuttle mission.

In-flight Education Downlinks

Depending on mission activities, Morgan and selected crew members will participate in at leastoneandperhapsasmanyasthreelive,in flight education downlinks. Downlinks afford education audiences the opportunity to learn firsthandfromspaceexplorerswhatitisliketo live and work in space. Downlinks are ap proximately 20 minutes in length and allow students and educators to interact with the crews on the International Space Station and space shuttle through a question and answer session. These events are broadcast live on NASATV. The three locations chosen for inflight educa tional downlinks, mission events permitting, are the Discovery Center of Idaho (DCI) in Boise, the Challenger Learning Center in Alex andria, Va., and the Robert L. Ford K8 NASA ExplorerSchoolinLynn,Mass. DCI is a handson science museum directly serving 100,000 visitors (ages 1100) a year in southwestern Idaho. DCI has educational pro grams that serve 30,000 students statewide. Challenger Center for Space Science Education (CCSSE) is a notforprofit education organiza tionfoundedbythefamiliesoftheshuttleChal lenger astronauts lost in 1986. From this event, theChallengerfamiliesandCCSSEdevelopeda network of 49 Challenger Learning Centers

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Ground-Based Activities
FromtheSTS118Educationhomepage,formal and informal educators can engage their stu dents in activities that connect to the STS118 missionobjectives.Learnmorebypreparingfor and following the mission. Preparation for the education mission activities is separated into two categories: Engineering Design and Sus taining Life. The mission activities are organ izedaccordingtoabroadoverviewofamission timeline, including Endeavour lifts off, En deavourdockstotheISSandEndeavourun docksfromtheISS.

sign/assess track will be offered in order to make the challenge attractive to both teachers with experience in engineeringand technology educationandthosethatmaynothaveasmuch comfortteachingdesign,and/orclassroomtime tobuildachamberprototype. Theengineeringdesignchallengewillofferles son guides, extensions, assessments, and rele vant background materials. Teaching tips and strategies,advicefromNASAplantresearchers, and recommendations from NASA design en gineers will be incorporated into the challenge website. A career corner will be established on the Web site to highlight the different areas of studythatarerelatedto plant growthresearch andengineeringdesign. Onceasystemisbuiltorobtained(andthede sign evaluated), registered teachers are eligible toreceiveasetofbasilseeds,flownonSTS118 withEducatorAstronautBarbaraMorgan,with which to validate the performance of the sys temandrunadditionalexperiments.ParkSeed CompanyhaspartneredwithNASAtoprovide and package the seeds for education distribu tion. Approximately 100,000 sets of STS118 seeds will be made available. Control (non space flown) basil seeds will also be provided byParkSeedCompany. Educators may obtain from NASA a certificate of participation by completing a final evalua tion of the engineering design challenge. Pro fessionaldevelopmentforeducatorswillbeof feredthroughtheITEA,NASACenters,atedu cator conferences, NASA Educator Resource Centers,andthroughotherNASAprojectssuch asNASAExplorerSchoolsandAerospaceEdu cation Services Project. Active engagement of educators will also be pursued through educa tionalpromotiontoprincipals,statesciencesu pervisors, and curriculum developers. The Na

Engineering Design Challenge

TomarkMorgansfirstflight,NASAsExplora tion Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and Office of Education are cosponsoring a stan dardsbased Engineering Design Challenge for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. Thiswillbetheprimaryfocusforgroundbased education activities aligned with the STS118 mission. Inthischallenge,studentswillbechargedwith designing a plant growth system for the moon that can be either delivered to the moon as a complete unit, or assembled on the lunar sur face.Givenabasicsetofrequirementsandcon straints, students will design, analyze, build and assess the system. All elements of the de sign challenge will map to standards in tech nology (which includes engineering design), scienceandmathematics. The challenge is being developed in coopera tion with International Technology Education Association (ITEA) and will be offered, free of charge, through the NASA Web site. It will be presented in versions appropriate for elemen tary,middle,andhighschoolteachers.Inaddi tion to a design/build/assess track, a de

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 tionalScienceTeachersAssociationisalsopart nering with NASA to provide a guide on how toconductascientificexperiment.

Pennant Design Challenge

Students created a design, conducted research, and wrote an essay about the designs connec tion to exploration. The pennant design was based on the STS118 space shuttle mission or NASAs Vision for Space Exploration. In May, oneoverallwinnerwasselectedthroughonline voting at KOL, AOLs service for kids. The winning design will be flown aboard space shuttleEndeavourduringtheSTS118mission.

space. They also will perform physical activi ties, including: Base Station WalkBack, Space walking, Jumping for the Moon, and a simu lated crew strength training exercise. The Fit Explorer project will start with the launch of STS118andistargetedforstudentsinelemen taryschool.

Additional Information
Educators are encouraged to sign up for the Education Express email mailing list via the NASA Portal to receive updates on the engi neering design challenge, information on how toregisterfortheseeds,aswellasotherrelated activitiesandeventsthatsurroundtheSTS118 mission. http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/ topnav/mailinglist/ Foradditionalinformationpleasecheckout: http://www.nasa.gov/sts118

Physical Fitness Challenge

NASAs Fit Explorer project is a scientific and physicalapproachto human health and fitness onEarthandinspace.Whileusingastandards basedscienceactivitysetrelatedtotheSTS118 shuttle mission and human spaceflight in gen eral,studentswilllearnaboutNASAsexplora tion mission and the requirements of living in

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DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVES

Detailed Test Objectives (DTOs) are aimed at testing, evaluating or documenting space shut tle systems or hardware, or proposed im provementstothespaceshuttleorspacestation hardware,systemsandoperations. SuchexperimentsassignedtoSTS118arelisted below.

intheshuttletrackedwellwiththelevelsinthe station. The station crew did not report any symptoms. Data sampling locations for the test are de pendent upon crew sleep locations and high activitylocationsbecausethepostsleepactivity period and high activity periods are the times when CO2 symptoms was reported by the STS121and115crews. During the four missions, the crew will place theCDMinthemiddeckbeforetheygotosleep so that ground controllers can monitor CO2 levels continuously. The information will be used to identify CO2 hot spots within the shuttle. As a result, engineering evaluations will be madetofinetuneairexchangeanalyses,tode termineifanyconfigurationchangesareneces sarytooptimizeairflowandtodetermineifop erational improvements are needed or if crew exposuretimeinidentifiedareasshouldbelim ited. CDM technology was successfully used to de termine the existence of CO2 pockets on the space station. The kit that will be used on the shuttlewillincludetheCDM,filtersandseveral batterypacks.TheCDMiscapableofmonitor ing CO2 in a localized area for either long or shortdurationsoftime,dependingontheoper atingmode.

DTO 853 In-Flight Evaluation for Areas of CO2 Concentration

The purpose of the DTO is to evaluate carbon dioxide(CO2)levelsatspecifictimesduringthe mission and in shuttle areas that have the po tentialtocontainelevatedlevels.TheDTOwill be carried out over four missions, including STS118,STS120,STS122andSTS123.During the missions, the data will be collected over a periodoffivedays,duringsimilartimeperiods andinsimilarlocations. TheCO2levelswillberecordedusingtheCar bon Dioxide Monitor (CDM) a portable handheld device designed to monitor and quantifyCO2concentrations. The test was prompted by the STS121 and STS115missioncrewswhoreportedexperienc ing stuffiness and headaches while sleeping in the middeck area. The symptoms are believed tomostlikelyresultfromexposuretohighlev elsofCO2. ForthereportedtimesduringSTS121and115, theCO2levelswithinthecrewmodule,asindi cated by the vehicle instrumentation, were within the acceptable range. Additionally, for thecourseofthedockedphase,theCO2levels

SDTO 13005-U ISS Structural Life and Life Validation and Extension
The purpose of this Station Development Test Objective (SDTO) is to guarantee safety of the stationstructureandcrewbyvalidatingtheon

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 orbit math models that were created for the space station. The test will be used to validate critical interface load and to help improve fa tiguelifepredictiononthestation. During this mission, if crew time is available, three tests will be performed: one during the shuttlestation mated reboost, one during un docking and one during S5 truss installation. The tests will provide dynamic loads informa tion for engineers to use in creating precise models that can be used for analysis. Onorbit datamayaidindetectingstructuralanomalies, and the stations response to actual loading events aids in postflight reconstruction of loadsthathelpdeterminestructurallifeusage. The test requires actual or educated estimates of input (forcing function) and actual output (onorbit sensor measurements) of the station response. Measurement of the force input (i.e., thruster firing sequences, video of crew activ ity, etc.) and station response will aid recon structionofstationloadsandstructurallifeus age over the life of the station, thus allowing lifeextensionofthestructure. Alloftheonorbitdynamictestswerealsoper formed on the ISSOrbiter mated configuration models.

Human Research Experiments

Incidence of Latent Virus Shielding during Spaceflight (Latent Virus) will determine the frequencies of reactivation of latent viruses inactive viruses in the body that can be reacti vated, such as cold sores and clinical dis easesafterexposuretothephysical,physiologi cal,andpsychologicalstressorsassociatedwith spaceflight. Understanding latent virus reacti vationmaybecriticaltocrewhealthduringex tendedspacemissionswhencrewmemberslive andworkinaclosedenvironment. Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against PostFlight Orthostatic Hypotension (Midodrine) is a test of the ability of the drug midodrinetoreducetheincidenceorseverityof orthostatichypotension.Ifsuccessful,itwillbe employedasacountermeasuretothedizziness caused by the bloodpressure decrease that many astronauts experience upon returning to theEarthsgravity. Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space (PMDIS) will investigate why astronauts experience dif ficulty with handeye coordination while in space.Thesemeasurementswillbeusedtodis tinguish between three possible explanations: the brain not adapting to the near weightless ness of space; the difficulty of performing fine movements when floating in space; and stress duetofactorssuchasspacesicknessandsleep deprivation. This experiment is a cooperative effortwiththeCanadianSpaceAgency. Bioavailablity and Performance Effects of Promethazine during Spaceflight (PMZ) will examinetheperformanceimpactingsideeffects of promethazine and its bioavailability the degree to which a drug can be absorbed and usedbythepartsofthebodyonwhichitisin tended to have an effect. Promethazine is a

SHORT-DURATION RESEARCH TO BE COMPLETED DURING STS-118/13A.1

The space shuttle and International Space Sta tion have an integrated research program that optimizes use of shuttle crew members and longduration space station crew members in addressing research questions in a variety of disciplines.

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 medicationtakenbyastronautstoprevent mo tionsickness. SleepWake Actigraphy and Light Exposure during Spaceflight Short (SleepShort) will examine the effects of spaceflight on the sleep wake cycles of the astronauts during shuttle missions.Advancingstateofthearttechnology for monitoring, diagnosing and assessing treatment of sleep patterns is vital to treating insomniaonEarthandinspace.

blood vessel development which isa key com ponentofwoundandtissuerepair. Streptococcus pneumoniae Gene Expression and Virulence Potential in the Space Envi ronment (SPEGIS) will examine the behavior and growth of bacteria in microgravity. The datacollectedwillgiveinsightonwhattypesof bacterial infections may occur during long duration space missions and the risks to crew members.

Biological Science Investigations

Commercial Biomedical Test Module 2 (CBTM2)willuseavalidatedmousemodelto examine the effectiveness of an experimental therapeutic as a possible countermeasure for muscle atrophy. Combined with exercise, this experimentaltherapeuticdevelopedbythebio technology company, Amgen, could one day form the basis for a treatment that will help maintain a high level of physical fitness in fu tureflightcrews. Cell Culture Module Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity (CCM Immune Response) is Department of Defense Space TestProgram research that uses cell cul tureinmicrogravityasamodelofreducedim munefunction.Thisinvestigationwillexamine the response of human immune cells in micro gravitytonewchitosanbasedantibacterials. Cell Culture Module Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New BloodVesselDevelopment(CCMWoundRe pair)isDepartmentofDefenseSpaceTestPro gram research that uses cell culture in micro gravity as a model of wound healing. This in vestigationisdirectedattheuseofadiposede rivedadultstemcellsforuseininjuryrepair.It will examine how microgravity alters new

Educational Activities
Education Payload Operations Educator (EPO Educator) will use video and still pho tography to capture data of experiment activi ties in space. Students also will be designing and completing groundbased investigations developed by the NASA Education Office, fo cusing on kindergarten through 12th grade students. The activities will support educator astronautsintheirmissions.Aneducatorastro nautisafulltimeastronautwhohasexperience teaching in elementary, middle school, or high schoolclassrooms.

Spaceflight Technology Tests

Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injec tions (MAUI) will observe the space shuttle engine exhaust plumes from the Maui Space Surveillance Site in Hawaii. The observations will occur when the shuttle fires its engines at nightortwilight.Atelescopeandallskyimag erswilltakeimagesanddatawhiletheshuttle fliesovertheMauisite.Theimageswillbeana lyzed to better understand the interaction be tween the spacecraft plume and the upper at mosphere. Ram Burn Observations (RAMBO) is an ex periment in which the Department of Defense uses a satellite to observe space shuttle orbital

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 maneuveringsystemengineburns.Thestudys purpose is to improve plume models, which predictthedirectionoftheplume,orrisingcol umn of exhaust, as the shuttle maneuvers on orbit. Understanding this flow direction could be significant to the safe arrival and departure ofspacecrafton currentandfuture exploration missions.

Technology Test Samples

Capillary Flow Experiment (CFE) is a suite of fluidphysicsexperimentsthatinvestigatecapil laryflowsandflowsoffluidsincontainerswith complex geometries. Results will improve cur rentcomputermodelsthatareusedbydesign ers of low gravity fluid systems and may im prove fluid transfer systems on future space craft. Elastic Memory Composite Hinge (EMCH) will study the performance of a new type of compositehingetodetermineifitissuitablefor use in space. The experiment will use elastic memory hinges to move an attached mass at oneend.Materialstestedinthisexperimentare strongerandlighterthancurrentmaterialused inspacehingesandcouldbeusedinthedesign offuturespacecraft. Materials on the International Space Station Experiment3and4(MISSE3and4)arethe thirdandfourthinaseriesoffivesuitcasesized test beds attached to the outside of the space station. The station crew deployed the beds during a spacewalk in August 2006. They are exposinghundredsofpotentialspaceconstruc tion materials and different types of solar cells totheharshenvironmentofspace.Mountedto the space station for approximately a year, the equipment then will be returned to Earth for study. Investigators will use the resulting data to design stronger, more durable spacecraft. MISSE1,2and5alreadyhavebeenreturnedto Earthforanalysis.

ISS RESEARCH SAMPLES RETURNED ON STS-118/13A.1

Human Research Experiment Samples
Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) is NASAs most comprehensive inflight study to date of human physiologic changes during longduration spaceflight; this includes meas ures of bone metabolism, oxidative damage, nutritionalassessmentsandhormonalchanges. This study will impact both the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems for future space exploration mis sions to the moon and Mars. This experiment alsowillhelptounderstandtheimpactofcoun termeasuresexerciseandpharmaceuticals onnutritionalstatusandnutrientrequirements forastronauts. A Comprehensive Characterization of Micro organisms and Allergens in Spacecraft (SWAB) will use advanced molecular tech niques to comprehensively evaluate microbes on the space station, including pathogens (or ganisms that may cause disease). It also will track changes in the microbial community as spacecraft visit the station and new station modules are added. This study will allow an assessment of the risk of microbes to the crew andthespacecraft.

Life Sciences Samples

Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing (Gravi)willdeterminetheminimumamountof artificialgravityneededtocauselentilseedling roots to start growing in a new direction. This

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 work supports future efforts to grow sufficient ediblecropsonlongdurationspacemissions. Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism (Tropi) sprouted Arabi dopsis thaliana (thale cress) plants from seeds under different frequencies of light and levels ofartificialgravity.Theplantswillbeanalyzed atthemolecularleveltodeterminewhatgenes are responsible for successful plant growth in microgravity.

crew members during longduration stays on thespacestation.

Exploration Technology Testing

Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air (ANITA) will monitor 32 gaseous contami nants, including formaldehyde, ammonia and carbon monoxide, in the station atmosphere. The experiment will test the accuracy and reli ability of this technology as a potential next generation atmosphere tracegas monitoring systemforthestation. SmokeandAerosolMeasurementExperiment (SAME) will measure the smoke properties, or particle size distribution, from typical space craft fire smokes to identify ways to improve smokedetectorsonfuturespacecraft. Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reori ent, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) are bowlingballsizedsphericalsatellites.Theywill be used inside the space station to test a set of welldefined instructions for spacecraft per forming autonomous rendezvous and docking maneuvers. Three freeflying spheres will fly within the cabin of the station, performing flightformations.Eachsatelliteisselfcontained withpower,propulsion,computersandnaviga tion equipment. The results are important for satelliteservicing,vehicleassemblyandforma tionflyingspacecraftconfigurations.

ADDITIONAL ISS RESEARCH FROM NOW UNTIL THE END OF EXPEDITION 15

Human Research Experiments
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control onReturnfromISS(CCISS)willstudytheef fects of longduration spaceflight on crew members heart functions and their blood ves selsthatsupplythebrain.Learningmoreabout thecardiovascularandcerebrovascularsystems could lead to specific countermeasures that mightbetterprotectfuturespacetravelers.This experiment is collaborative with the Canadian SpaceAgency. Analysis of Astronaut Journals (Journals), us ing journals kept by the crew and surveys, is studying the effect of isolation. By quantifying theimportanceofdifferentbehavioralissuesin longdurationcrews,thestudywillhelpNASA design equipment and procedures to allow as tronauts to cope effectively with isolation and longdurationspaceflight. SleepWake Actigraphy and Light Exposure duringSpaceflightLong(SleepLong)willex amine the effects of spaceflight and ambient light exposure on the sleepwake cycles of the

Physical and Life Sciences

BCAT3 (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test 3): Crewsphotographedsamplesofcolloidalparti cles (tiny nanoscale spheres suspended in liq uid) to document liquid/gas phase changes, growthofbinarycrystals,andtheformationof colloidal crystals confined to a surface. Data may lead to improvements in supercritical flu ids used in rocket propellants and biotechnol

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 ogy applications, and advancements in fiber opticstechnology. Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures2 (CSLM2) examines the kinetics of competitive particle growth within a liquid matrix. During this process, small particles shrink by losing atomstolargerparticles,causingthelargerpar ticlestogrow(coarsen)withinaliquidlead/tin matrix.Thisstudydefinedthemechanismsand rates of coarsening that govern turbine blades, dentalamalgamfillings,ironcopper,etc. TheEffectofAnExperimentalTherapeuticon Reducing the Muscle Atrophy that Occurs in Spaceflight. This investigation will use a vali dated mouse model to examine the effective ness of an experimental therapeutic developed by Amgen as a possible countermeasure for muscle atrophy. Combined with exercise, this experimental therapeutic could one day form thebasisforatreatmentthatwillhelpmaintain a high level of physical fitness in future flight crews.Thisexperimentwillremainaboardthe shuttleduringtheSTS118flight. Microgravity Acceleration Measurement Sys tem (MAMS) and Space Acceleration Meas urement System (SAMSII) measure vibration and quasisteady accelerations that result from vehicle control burns, docking and undocking activities. The two different equipment pack ages measure vibrations at different frequen cies. Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigenera tion Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana (Multi gen) will grow Arabidopsis thaliana a small floweringplantrelatedtocabbageandmustard in orbit for three generations. The results of this investigation will support future plans to grow plants on the longduration transit to

Mars. This is a cooperative investigation with theEuropeanSpaceAgency,ESA.

Earth Observations
Crew Earth Observations (CEO) takes advan tageofthecrewinspacetoobserveandphoto graph natural and humanmade changes on Earth. The photographs record the Earths sur face changes over time, along with more fleet ingeventssuchasstorms,floods,firesandvol canic eruptions. Together, they provide re searchers on Earth with vital, continuous im agestobetterunderstandtheplanet. CrewEarthObservationsInternationalPolar Year (CEOIPY) is an international collabora tionofscientistsfortheobservationandexplo ration of Earths Polar Regions from 2007 to 2009.InternationalSpaceStationcrewmembers will photograph polar phenomena including auroras and mesospheric clouds to meet re quests from scientists conducting ground re searchfortheInternationalPolarYear.

Educational Activities
CommercialGenericBioprocessingApparatus Science Insert 02 (CSI02) is an educational payload designed to interest middle school students in science, technology, engineering and math byparticipating in near realtimere searchconductedonboardthestation.Students will observe three experiments through data and imagery downlinked and distributed di rectly into the classroom via the Internet. The first is a seed germination experiment through which students will learn how gravity affects plant development. Small seeds will be devel oped on orbit in a garden habitat. The second experimentwillexaminecrystalgrowthforma tion using specific types of proteins and en zymes, and the third experiment will examine crystal formation using silicates compounds

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 containing silicon, oxygen and one or more metals.Forthetwocrystalgrowthexperiments, students will grow crystals in their classrooms and analyze growth of those compared to the crystalsgrowninspace. Education Payload Operations Kit C (EPO KitC)isanonorbitplantgrowthinvestigation using basil seeds. The still and video imagery

captured will be used as part of a national en gineering design challenge for students in kin dergarten through 12th grade. On the ground, students will grow basil seeds control and flown seeds in growth chambers to conduct theirownscienceexperimentsonplantgrowth.

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SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

During the STS118 mission, the Advanced HealthManagementSystem(AHMS)anen gine improvement system that shuts down an engine if anomalies are detected will be ac tivelyoperatingonallthreeenginesforthefirst time. The AHMS collects and processes tur bopump accelerometer data, a measure of tur bopump vibration, and continuously monitors turbopump health. If vibration anomalies are detected,thesystemshutstheenginedown. The AHMS operated in monitoronly mode on one engine during the STS116 mission in De cember2006andinactivemodeononeengine during the STS117 mission in June 2007. Data from STS117 indicated the AHMS operated as intended.

Thespaceshuttlemainengineistheworldsmostsophisticatedreusablerocketengine. Duringashuttlelaunch,theshuttlesthreeenginesoperateforabout eightandonehalfminutesduringliftoffandascent.

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 When a shuttle lifts off the launch pad, it does so with the help of three reusable, high per formance rocket engines. Each main engine is 14feetlongand7.5feetindiameteratthenoz zle exit. One engine weighs approximately 7,750 pounds and generates more than 12 mil lion horsepower, equivalent to more than four times the output of the Hoover Dam. The en ginesoperateforabout8.5minutesduringlift off and ascent long enough to burn more than 500,000 gallons of supercold liquid hy drogenandliquidoxygenpropellantsstoredin the external fuel tank, which is attached to the shuttles underside. Liquid oxygen is stored at 298degreesFahrenheit,andliquidhydrogenis stored at 423 degrees Fahrenheit. The engines shut down just before the shuttle, traveling at about17,000mph,reachesorbit. This engine upgrade significantly improves space shuttle flight safety and reliability. The upgrade,developedbyNASAsMarshallSpace FlightCenterinHuntsville,Ala.,isamodifica tion of the existing main engine controller, whichistheonenginecomputerthatmonitors andcontrolsallmainengineoperations. The modifications include the addition of ad vanced digital signal processors, radiation hardened memory and new software. These

changes to the main engine controller provide the capability for completely new monitoring and insight into the health of the two most complex components of the space shuttles main engine the highpressure fuel tur bopump and the highpressure oxidizer tur bopump. Thefuelandoxidizerturbopumpsrotateatap proximately 34,000 and 23,000 revolutions per minute, respectively. To operate at such ex treme speeds, the highpressure turbopumps use highly specialized bearings and precisely balancedcomponents.TheAHMSupgradeutil izes data from three existing sensors (acceler ometers)mountedoneachofthehighpressure turbopumpstomeasurehowmucheachpump is vibrating. The output data from the acceler ometersisroutedtothenewAHMSdigitalsig nalprocessorsinstalledinthemainenginecon troller. These processors analyze the sensor readings20timespersecond,lookingforvibra tionanomaliesthatareindicativeofimpending failureofrotatingturbopumpcomponentssuch as blades, impellers, inducers and bearings. If the magnitude of any vibration anomaly ex ceeds safe limits, the upgraded main engine controller immediately shuts down the un healthyengine.

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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA

SHUTTLE ABORT MODES

RSLS Aborts
These occur when the onboard shuttle com putersdetectaproblemandcommandahaltin thelaunchsequence after takingover from the ground launch sequencer and before solid rocketboosterignition.

launch site, Kennedy Space Center, approxi mately25minutesafterliftoff. The RTLS profile is designed to accommodate the loss of thrust from one space shuttle main engine between liftoff and approximately four minutes 20 seconds, at which time not enough main propulsion system propellant remains to return to the launch site. An RTLS can be con sidered to consistofthree stages apowered stage, duringwhich thespaceshuttlemainen ginesarestillthrusting;anexternaltanksepara tion phase; and the glide phase, during which the orbiter glides to a landing at the Kennedy SpaceCenter.ThepoweredRTLSphasebegins withthecrewselectionoftheRTLSabort,after solidrocketboosterseparation.Thecrewselects the abort mode by positioning theabort rotary switch to RTLS and depressing the abort push button. The time at which the RTLS is selected dependsonthereasonfortheabort.Forexam ple, a threeengine RTLS is selected at the last moment, about 3 minutes, 34 seconds into the mission;whereasanRTLSchosenduetoanen gineoutatliftoffisselectedattheearliesttime, about 2 minutes, 20seconds into the mission (aftersolidrocketboosterseparation). After RTLS is selected, the vehicle continues downrangetodissipateexcessmainpropulsion system propellant. The goal is to leave only enough main propulsion system propellant to be able to turn the vehicle around, fly back to ward the Kennedy Space Center and achieve thepropermainenginecutoffconditionssothe vehicle can glide to the Kennedy Space Center after external tank separation. During the downrange phase, a pitcharound maneuver is initiated (the time depends in part on the time ofaspaceshuttlemainenginefailure)toorient

Ascent Aborts
Selectionofanascentabortmodemay become necessaryifthereisafailurethataffectsvehicle performance,suchasthefailureofaspaceshut tlemainengineoranorbitalmaneuveringsys tem engine. Other failures requiring early ter minationofaflight,suchasacabinleak,might also require the selection of an abort mode. Therearetwobasictypesofascentabortmodes for space shuttle missions: intact aborts and contingency aborts. Intact aborts are designed to provide a safe return of the orbiter to a planned landing site. Contingency aborts are designedtopermitflightcrewsurvivalfollow ingmoreseverefailureswhenanintactabortis notpossible.Acontingencyabortwouldgener allyresultinaditchoperation.

Intact Aborts
There are four types of intact aborts: abort to orbit (ATO), abort once around (AOA), trans oceanic abort landing (TAL) and return to launchsite(RTLS).

Return to Launch Site

The RTLS abort mode is designed to allow the return of the orbiter, crew and payload to the

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 the orbiter/external tank configuration to a headsup attitude, pointing toward the launch site. At this time, the vehicle is still moving awayfromthelaunchsite,butthespaceshuttle main engines are now thrusting to null the downrange velocity. In addition, excess orbital maneuvering system and reaction control sys tempropellantsaredumpedbycontinuousor bital maneuvering system and reaction control systemenginethrustingstoimprovetheorbiter weightandcenterofgravityfortheglidephase andlanding. Thevehicle will reach thedesired main engine cutoff point with less than 2 percent excess propellant remaining in the external tank. At main engine cutoff minus 20 seconds, a pitch down maneuver (called powered pitchdown) takesthematedvehicletotherequiredexternal tank separation attitude and pitch rate. After main engine cutoff has been commanded, the external tank separation sequence begins, in cluding a reaction control system maneuver that ensures that the orbiter does not recontact the external tank and that the orbiter has achieved the necessary pitch attitude to begin theglidephaseoftheRTLS. Afterthereactioncontrolsystemmaneuverhas been completed, the glide phase of the RTLS begins.Fromthenon,theRTLSishandledsimi larlytoanormalentry.

RTLSopportunity,makingitimperativetoland asquicklyaspossible. In a TAL abort, the vehicle continues on a bal listic trajectory across the Atlantic Ocean to land at a predetermined runway. Landing oc cursabout45minutesafterlaunch.Thelanding site is selected near the normal ascent ground track of the orbiter to make the most efficient use of space shuttle main engine propellant. The landing site also must have the necessary runway length, weather conditions and U.S. State Department approval. The three landing sites that have been identified for a launch are Zaragoza, Spain; Moron, Spain; and Istres, France. To select the TAL abort mode, the crew must place the abort rotary switch in the TAL/AOA positionanddepresstheabortpushbuttonbe fore main engine cutoff (Depressing it after main engine cutoff selects the AOA abort mode). The TAL abort mode begins sending commandstosteerthevehicletowardtheplane ofthelandingsite.Italsorollsthevehicleheads up before main engine cutoff and sends com mandstobeginanorbitalmaneuveringsystem propellant dump (by burning the propellants through the orbital maneuvering system en ginesandthe reaction controlsystem engines). Thisdumpisnecessarytoincreasevehicleper formance (by decreasing weight), to place the centerofgravityintheproperplaceforvehicle control and to decrease the vehicles landing weight.TALishandledlikeanormalentry.

Transoceanic Abort Landing

The TAL abort mode was developed to im provetheoptionsavailablewhenaspaceshut tlemainenginefailsafterthelastRTLSoppor tunitybutbeforethefirsttimethatanAOAcan be accomplished with only two space shuttle main engines or when a major orbiter system failure,forexample,alargecabinpressureleak or cooling system failure, occurs after the last

Abort to Orbit
AnATOisanabortmodeusedtoboosttheor biter to a safe orbital altitude when perform ancehasbeenlostanditisimpossibletoreach the planned orbital altitude. If a space shuttle main engine fails in a region that results in a

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 main engine cutoff under speed, the Mission Control Center will determine that an abort mode is necessary and will inform the crew. Theorbitalmaneuveringsystemengineswould beusedtoplacetheorbiterinacircularorbit.

Abort Once Around

TheAOAabortmodeisusedincasesinwhich vehicle performance has been lost to such an extent that either it is impossible to achieve a viableorbitornotenoughorbitalmaneuvering systempropellantisavailabletoaccomplishthe orbital maneuvering system thrusting maneu vertoplacetheorbiteronorbitandthedeorbit thrusting maneuver. In addition, an AOA is usedincasesinwhichamajorsystemsproblem (cabin leak, loss of cooling) makes it necessary to land quickly. In the AOA abort mode, one orbitalmaneuveringsystemthrustingsequence is made to adjust the postmain engine cutoff orbit so a second orbital maneuvering system thrusting sequence will result in the vehicle deorbitingandlandingattheAOAlandingsite (White Sands, N.M.; Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.;ortheKennedySpaceCenter,Fla).Thus, anAOAresultsintheorbitercirclingtheEarth onceandlandingabout90minutesafterliftoff. After the deorbit thrusting sequence has been executed,theflightcrewfliestoalandingatthe planned site much as it would for a nominal entry.

Contingencyabortsduetosystemfailuresother than those involving the main engines would normallyresultinanintactrecoveryofvehicle and crew. Loss of more than one main engine may, depending on engine failure times, result in a safe runway landing. However, in most threeengineout cases during ascent, the or biter would have to be ditched. The inflight crew escape system would be used before ditchingtheorbiter.

Abort Decisions
There is a definite order of preference for the variousabortmodes.Thetypeoffailureandthe timeofthefailuredeterminewhichtypeofabort is selected. In cases where performance loss is the only factor, the preferred modes are ATO, AOA, TAL and RTLS, in that order. The mode chosenisthehighestonethatcanbecompleted withtheremainingvehicleperformance. In the case of some support system failures, suchascabinleaksorvehiclecoolingproblems, the preferred mode might be the one that will end the mission most quickly. In these cases, TAL or RTLS might be preferable to AOA or ATO. A contingency abort is never chosen if anotherabortoptionexists. Mission Control Houston is prime for calling these aborts because it has a more precise knowledge of the orbiters position than the crewcanobtainfromonboardsystems.Before mainenginecutoff,MissionControlmakespe riodiccallstothecrewtotellthemwhichabort modeis(orisnot)available.Ifgroundcommu nications are lost, the flight crew has onboard methods,suchascuecards,dedicateddisplays anddisplayinformation,todeterminetheabort region. Which abort mode is selected depends on the cause and timing of the failure causing theabortandwhichmodeissafestorimproves

Contingency Aborts
Contingency aborts are caused by loss of more than one main engine or failures in other sys tems.Lossofonemainenginewhileanotheris stuck at a low thrust setting also may necessi tate a contingency abort. Such an abort would maintain orbiter integrity for inflight crew es cape if a landing cannot be achieved at a suit ablelandingfield.

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 missionsuccess.Iftheproblemisaspaceshut tlemainenginefailure,theflightcrewandMis sionControlCenterselectthebestoptionavail ableatthetimeamainenginefails. If the problem is a system failure that jeopard izes the vehicle, the fastest abort mode that re sults in the earliest vehicle landing is chosen. RTLS and TAL are the quickest options (35minutes), whereas an AOA requires about 90minutes.Which oftheseisselected depends onthetimeofthefailurewiththreegoodspace shuttlemainengines. Theflightcrewselectstheabortmodebyposi tioning an abort mode switch and depressing anabortpushbutton.

placed on the launch pad, and the flight was rescheduled behind Discoverys launch on STS56. Columbia finally launched on April26,1993.

(STS-51) Aug. 12, 1993

The countdownforDiscoverysthirdlaunchat tempt ended at the T3 second mark when on board computers detected the failure of one of foursensorsinmainengineNo.2whichmonitor the flow of hydrogen fuel to the engine. All of Discoverysmainengineswereorderedreplaced onthelaunchpad,delayingtheshuttlesfourth launchattemptuntilSept.12,1993.

(STS-68) Aug. 18, 1994

The countdown for Endeavours first launch attempt ended 1.9 seconds before liftoff when onboard computers detected higher than ac ceptable readings in one channel of a sensor monitoring the discharge temperature of the high pressure oxidizer turbopump in main en gine No. 3. A test firing of the engine at the StennisSpaceCenterinMississippionSeptem ber 2nd confirmed that a slight drift in a fuel flow meter in the engine caused a slight in creaseintheturbopumpstemperature.Thetest firing also confirmed aslightly slower start for mainengineNo.3duringthepadabort,which could have contributed to the higher tempera tures.AfterEndeavourwasbroughtbacktothe VehicleAssemblyBuildingtobeoutfittedwith threereplacementengines,NASAmanagersset Oct. 2 as the date for Endeavours second launchattempt.

SHUTTLE ABORT HISTORY

RSLS Abort History (STS-41 D) June 26, 1984
The countdown for the second launch attempt forDiscoverysmaidenflightendedatT4sec onds when the orbiters computers detected a sluggish valve in main engine No. 3.The main enginewasreplacedandDiscoverywasfinally launchedonAug.30,1984.

(STS-51 F) July 12, 1985

The countdown for Challengers launch was halted at T3 seconds when onboard com putersdetectedaproblemwithacoolantvalve on main engine No. 2. The valve was replaced andChallengerwaslaunchedonJuly29,1985.

(STS-55) March 22, 1993

The countdown for Columbias launch was halted by onboard computers at T3 seconds followingaproblemwithpurgepressureread ings in the oxidizer preburner on main engine No. 2. Columbias three main engines were re

Abort to Orbit History (STS-51 F) July 29, 1985

After an RSLS abort on July 12, 1985, Chal lenger was launched on July 29, 1985. Five minutes and 45 seconds after launch, a sensor

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 problemresultedintheshutdownofcenteren gine No. 1, resulting in a safe abort to orbit andsuccessfulcompletionofthemission.

SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINES

Developed in the 1970s by NASAs Marshall SpaceFlightCenterinHuntsville,Ala.,thespace shuttlemainengineisthemostadvancedliquid fueled rocket engine ever built. Every space shuttle mainengine istestedandproven flight worthyatNASAsStennisSpaceCenterinsouth Mississippi, before installation on an orbiter. Its main features include variable thrust, high per formance reusability, high redundancy and a fullyintegratedenginecontroller. The shuttles three main engines are mounted on the orbiter aft fuselage in a triangular pat tern. Spaced so that they are movable during launch, the engines are used in conjunction with the solid rocket boosters to steer the shuttlevehicle. Each of these powerful main engines is 14 feet (4.2 meters) long, weighs about 7,000 pounds (3,150kilograms)andis7.5feet(2.25meters)in diameterattheendofitsnozzle. Theenginesoperateforabout8minutesdur ing liftoff and ascent burning more than 500,000gallons(1.9millionliters)ofsupercold liquidhydrogenandliquidoxygenpropellants storedinthehugeexternaltankattachedtothe underside of the shuttle. The engines shut downjustbeforetheshuttle,travelingatabout 17,000 mph (28,000 kilometers per hour), reachesorbit. The main engine operates at greater tempera ture extremes than any mechanical system in common use today. The fuel, liquefied hydro gen at 423 degrees Fahrenheit (253 degrees Celsius), is the second coldest liquid on Earth.

When it and the liquid oxygen are combusted, thetemperatureinthemaincombustioncham ber is 6,000 degrees Fahrenheit (3,316 degrees Celsius),hotterthantheboilingpointofiron. The main engines use a staged combustion cy cle so that all propellants entering the engines are used to produce thrust or power more efficientlythananypreviousrocketengine.Ina staged combustion cycle, propellants are first burnedpartiallyathighpressureandrelatively low temperature then burned completely at high temperature and pressure in the main combustion chamber. The rapid mixing of the propellants under these conditions is so com pletethat99percentofthefuelisburned. Atnormaloperatinglevel,theenginesgenerate 490,847 pounds of thrust (measured in a vac uum). Full power is 512,900 pounds of thrust; minimumpoweris316,100poundsofthrust. Theenginecanbethrottledbyvaryingtheout put of the preburners, thus varying the speed of the highpressure turbopumps and, there fore,theflowofthepropellant. At about 26 seconds into launch, the main en gines are throttled down to 316,000 pounds of thrusttokeepthedynamicpressureontheve hicle below a specified level about 580poundspersquarefootormaxq.Then,the enginesarethrottledbackuptonormaloperat ing level at about 60 seconds. This reduces stress on the vehicle. The main engines are throttled down again at about seven minutes, 40 seconds into the mission to maintain threegsthreetimestheEarthsgravitational pull again reducing stress on the crew and thevehicle.Thisaccelerationlevelisaboutone third the acceleration experienced on previous crewedspacevehicles.

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 About10secondsbeforemainenginecutoffor MECO,thecutoffsequencebegins;aboutthree secondslaterthemainenginesarecommanded tobeginthrottlingat10percentthrust persec ondto65percentthrust.Thisisheldforabout 6.7seconds,andtheenginesareshutdown. The engine performance has the highest thrust for its weight of any engine yet developed. In fact, one space shuttle main engine generates sufficient thrust to maintain the flight of 2 747airplanes. The space shuttle main engine is also the first rocketenginetouseabuiltinelectronicdigital controller, or computer. The controller will ac cept commands from the orbiter for engine start, change in throttle, shutdown, and moni tor engine operation. In the event of a failure, the controller automatically corrects the prob lemorsafelyshutsdowntheengine. NASA continues to increase the reliability and safety of shuttle flights through a series of en hancements to the space shuttle main engines. The engines were modified in 1988, 1995, 1998 and 2001. Modifications include new high pressurefuelandoxidizerturbopumpsthatre duce maintenance and operating costs of the engine, a twoduct powerhead that reduces pressure and turbulence in the engine, and a singlecoilheatexchangerthatlowersthenum berofpostflightinspectionsrequired.Another modification incorporates a largethroat main combustionchamberthatimprovestheengines reliability by reducing pressure and tempera tureinthechamber. Aftertheorbiterlands,theenginesareremoved and returned to a processing facility at Ken nedy Space Center, Fla., where they are re checked and readied for the next flight. Some components are returned to the main engines

primecontractor,Pratt&WhitneyRocketDyne, WestPalmBeach,Fla.,forregularmaintenance. The main engines are designed to operate for 7.5accumulatedhours.

SPACE SHUTTLE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS

ThetwoSRBsprovidethemainthrusttoliftthe space shuttle off the pad and up to an altitude of about 150,000 feet, or 24 nautical miles (28statute miles). In addition, the two SRBs carrytheentireweightoftheexternaltankand orbiter and transmit the weight load through theirstructuretothemobilelauncherplatform. Each booster has a thrust (sea level) of about 3,300,000 pounds at launch. They are ignited after the three space shuttle main engines thrust level is verified. The two SRBs provide 71.4 percent of the thrust at liftoff and during firststage ascent. Seventyfive seconds after SRB separation, SRB apogee occurs at an alti tude of about 220,000 feet, or 35 nautical miles (40 statute miles). SRB impact occurs in the ocean about 122 nautical miles (140 statute miles)downrange. The SRBs are the largest solidpropellant mo torseverflownandthefirstdesignedforreuse. Eachis149.16feetlongand12.17feetindiame ter.EachSRBweighsabout1,300,000poundsat launch.Thepropellantforeachsolidrocketmo tor weighs about 1,100,000 pounds. The inert weightofeachSRBisabout192,000pounds. Primaryelementsofeachboosterarethemotor (includingcase,propellant,igniterandnozzle), structure,separationsystems,operationalflight instrumentation, recovery avionics, pyrotech nics, deceleration system, thrust vector control systemandrangesafetydestructsystem.

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 Eachboosterisattachedtotheexternaltankat the SRBs aft frame by two lateral sway braces andadiagonalattachment.Theforwardendof eachSRBisattachedtotheexternaltankatthe forwardendoftheSRBsforwardskirt.Onthe launchpad,eachboosteralsoisattachedtothe mobilelauncherplatformattheaftskirtbyfour boltsandnutsthatareseveredbysmallexplo sivesatliftoff. DuringthedowntimefollowingtheChallenger accident,detailedstructuralanalyseswereper formed on critical structural elements of the SRB. Analyses were primarily focused in areas where anomalies had been noted during post flightinspectionofrecoveredhardware. Oneoftheareaswastheattachringwherethe SRBs are connected to the external tank. Areas of distress were noted in some of the fasteners where the ring attachesto the SRB motor case. This situation was attributed to the high loads encounteredduringwaterimpact.Tocorrectthe situation and ensure higher strength margins duringascent,theattachringwasredesignedto encirclethemotorcasecompletely(360degrees). Previously, the attach ring formed a C and en circledthemotorcase270degrees. Additionally,specialstructuraltestsweredone on the aft skirt. During this test program, an anomalyoccurredinacriticalweldbetweenthe holddown post and skin of the skirt. A redes ign was implemented to add reinforcement bracketsandfittingsintheaftringoftheskirt. These two modifications added 450poundstotheweightofeachSRB. about

polymer (a binder that holds the mixture to gether, 12.04 percent), and an epoxy curing agent (1.96 percent). The propellant is an 11pointstarshapedperforationintheforward motor segment and a doubletruncatedcone perforation in each of the aft segments and aft closure.Thisconfigurationprovideshighthrust atignitionandthenreducesthethrustbyabout a third 50 seconds after liftoff to prevent over stressingthevehicleduringmaximumdynamic pressure. TheSRBsareusedasmatchedpairsandeachis made up of four solid rocket motor segments. The pairs are matched by loading each of the four motor segments in pairs from the same batches of propellant ingredients to minimize any thrust imbalance. The segmentedcasing design assures maximum flexibility in fabrica tion and ease of transportation and handling. Eachsegmentisshippedtothelaunchsiteona heavydutyrailcarwithaspeciallybuiltcover. The nozzle expansion ratio of each booster be ginning with the STS8 mission is 7to79. The nozzle is gimbaled for thrust vector (direction) control.EachSRBhasitsownredundantauxil iarypowerunitsandhydraulicpumps.Theall axis gimbaling capability is 8degrees. Each nozzlehasacarbonclothlinerthaterodesand charsduringfiring.Thenozzleisaconvergent divergent, movable design in which an aft pivotpoint flexible bearing is the gimbal mechanism. The coneshaped aft skirt reacts the aft loads betweentheSRBandthemobilelauncherplat form. The four aft separation motors are mounted on the skirt. The aft section contains avionics, a thrust vector control system that consists of two auxiliary power units and hy draulicpumps,hydraulicsystemsandanozzle extensionjettisonsystem.

ThepropellantmixtureineachSRBmotorcon sists of an ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer, 69.6 percent by weight), aluminum (fuel, 16percent),ironoxide(acatalyst,0.4percent),a

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 The forward section of each booster contains avionics, a sequencer, forward separation mo tors,anoseconeseparationsystem,drogueand mainparachutes,arecoverybeacon,arecovery light, a parachute camera on selected flights andarangesafetysystem. Each SRB has two integrated electronic assem blies, one forward and one aft. After burnout, theforwardassemblyinitiatesthereleaseofthe nose cap and frustum, a transition piece be tween the nose cone and solid rocket motor, and turns on the recovery aids. The aft assem bly, mounted in the external tank/SRB attach ring, connects with the forward assembly and the orbiter avionics systems for SRB ignition commands and nozzle thrust vector control. Eachintegratedelectronicassembly hasa mul tiplexer/demultiplexer,whichsendsorreceives morethanonemessage,signalorunitofinfor mationonasinglecommunicationchannel. Eight booster separation motors (four in the nose frustum and four in the aft skirt) of each SRB thrust for 1.02 seconds at SRB separation from the external tank. Each solid rocket sepa rationmotoris31.1incheslongand12.8inches indiameter. Location aids are provided for each SRB, frus tum/droguechutesandmainparachutes.These include a transmitter, antenna, strobe/converter, battery and saltwater switch electronics.Thelocationaidsaredesignedfora minimum operating life of 72 hours and when refurbished are considered usable up to 20times. The flashing light is an exception. It hasanoperatinglifeof280hours.Thebatteryis usedonlyonce. The SRB nose caps and nozzle extensions are notrecovered.

The recovery crew retrieves the SRBs, frus tum/drogue chutes, and main parachutes. The nozzlesareplugged,thesolidrocketmotorsare dewatered,andtheSRBsaretowedbacktothe launch site. Each booster is removed from the water, and its components are disassembled andwashedwithfreshanddeionizedwaterto limitsaltwatercorrosion.Themotorsegments, igniter and nozzle are shipped back to ATK Thiokolforrefurbishment. Each SRB incorporates a range safety system that includes a battery power source, re ceiver/decoder,antennasandordnance.

Hold-Down Posts
Each solid rocket booster has four holddown posts that fit into corresponding support posts on the mobile launcher platform. Holddown boltsholdtheSRBandlauncherplatformposts together. Each bolt has a nut at each end, but only the top nut is frangible. The top nut con tains two NASA standard detonators (NSDs), whichareignitedatsolidrocketmotorignition commands. When the two NSDs are ignited at each hold down, the holddown bolt travels downward becauseofthereleaseoftensioninthebolt(pre tensioned before launch), NSD gas pressure andgravity.Theboltisstoppedbythestudde celerationstand,whichcontainssand.TheSRB bolt is 28 inches long and 3.5inches in diame ter.Thefrangiblenutiscapturedinablastcon tainer. The solid rocket motor ignition commands are issued by the orbiters computers through the mastereventscontrollerstotheholddownpy rotechnic initiator controllers on the mobile launcherplatform.Theyprovidetheignitionto the holddown NSDs. The launch processing system monitors the SRB holddown PICs for

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 low voltage during the last 16 seconds before launch. PIC low voltage will initiate a launch hold.

SRB Ignition
SRB ignition can occur only when a manual lockpinfromeachSRBsafeandarmdevicehas been removed. The ground crew removes the pinduringprelaunchactivities.AtTminusfive minutes,theSRBsafeandarmdeviceisrotated tothearmposition.Thesolidrocketmotorigni tion commands are issued when the three SSMEs are at or above 90 percent rated thrust, noSSMEfailand/orSRBignitionPIClowvolt ageisindicatedandtherearenoholdsfromthe LPS. The solid rocket motor ignition commands are sent by the orbiter computers through the MECstothesafeandarmdeviceNSDsineach SRB. A PIC singlechannel capacitor discharge device controls the firing of each pyrotechnic device. Three signals must be present simulta neously for the PIC to generate the pyro firing output.Thesesignalsarm,fire1andfire2 originate in the orbiter generalpurpose com puters and are transmitted to the MECs. The MECs reformat them to 28volt dc signals for the PICs. The arm signal charges the PIC ca pacitorto40voltsdc(minimumof20voltsdc). The fire 2 commands cause the redundant NSDstofirethroughathinbarriersealdowna flame tunnel. This ignites a pyro booster charge, which is retained in the safe and arm device behind a perforated plate. The booster charge ignites the propellant in the igniter ini tiator;andcombustionproductsofthispropel lant ignite the solid rocket motor initiator, whichfiresdownthelengthofthesolidrocket motor igniting the solid rocket motor propel lant.

The GPC launch sequence also controls certain critical main propulsion system valves and monitorstheenginereadyindicationsfromthe SSMEs.TheMPSstartcommandsareissuedby theonboardcomputersatTminus6.6seconds (staggered start engine three, engine two, engineoneallaboutwithin0.25ofasecond), and the sequence monitors the thrust buildup ofeachengine.AllthreeSSMEsmustreachthe required90percentthrustwithinthreeseconds; otherwise,anorderlyshutdowniscommanded andsafingfunctionsareinitiated. Normal thrust buildup to the required 90 per centthrustlevelwillresultintheSSMEsbeing commanded to the liftoff position at Tminus threesecondsaswellasthefire1commandbe ing issued to arm the SRBs. At Tminus three seconds, the vehicle base bending load modes are allowed to initialize (movement of 25.5inches measured at the tip of the external tank, with movement towards the external tank). At T minus zero, the two SRBs are ignited un der command of the four onboard computers; separation of the four explosive bolts on each SRBisinitiated(eachboltis28incheslongand 3.5 inches in diameter); the two T0 umbilicals (one on each side of the spacecraft) are re tracted;theonboardmastertimingunit,event timer and mission event timers are started; the threeSSMEsareat100percent;andtheground launchsequenceisterminated. Thesolidrocketmotorthrustprofileistailored toreducethrustduringthemaximumdynamic pressureregion.

Electrical Power Distribution

Electrical power distribution in each SRB con sists of orbitersupplied main dc bus power to each SRB via SRB buses A, B and C. Orbiter

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 maindcbusesA,BandCsupplymaindc bus powertocorrespondingSRBbusesA,BandC. In addition, orbiter main dc bus C supplies backup power to SRB buses A and B, and or biter bus B supplies backup power to SRB bus C. This electrical power distribution arrange ment allows all SRB buses to remain powered intheeventoneorbitermainbusfails. The nominal dc voltage is 28 volts dc, with an upper limit of 32 volts dc and a lower limit of 24voltsdc.

fuel supply to the APU throughout its opera tion. The fuel isolation valve is opened at APU startup to allow fuel to flow to the APU fuel pump and control valves and then to the gas generator. The gas generators catalytic action decomposes the fuel and creates a hot gas. It feeds the hot gas exhaust product to the APU twostage gas turbine. Fuel flows primarily through the startup bypass line until the APU speedissuchthatthefuelpumpoutletpressure is greater than the bypass lines. Then all the fuelissuppliedtothefuelpump. The APU turbine assembly provides mechani cal power to the APU gearbox. The gearbox drives the APU fuel pump, hydraulic pump andlubeoilpump.TheAPUlubeoilpumplu bricates the gearbox. The turbine exhaust of each APU flows over the exterior of the gas generator,coolingit,andisthendirectedover boardthroughanexhaustduct. When the APU speed reaches 100 percent, the APUprimarycontrolvalvecloses,andtheAPU speed is controlled by the APU controller elec tronics. If the primary control valve logic fails to the open state, the secondary control valve assumes control of the APU at 112 percent speed. Each HPU on an SRB is connected to both servoactuators on that SRB. One HPU serves as the primary hydraulic source for the servoactuator,andtheotherHPUservesasthe secondary hydraulics for the servoactuator. Each servoactuator has a switching valve that allows the secondary hydraulics to power the actuator if the primary hydraulic pressure drops below 2,050 psi. A switch contact on the switching valve willclosewhen the valve is in the secondary position. When the valve is closed, a signal is sent to the APU controller thatinhibitsthe100percentAPUspeedcontrol

Hydraulic Power Units

There are two selfcontained, independent HPUs on each SRB. Each HPU consists of an auxiliary power unit, fuel supply module, hy draulicpump,hydraulicreservoirandhydrau lic fluid manifold assembly. The APUs are fu eled by hydrazine and generate mechanical shaftpowertoahydraulicpumpthatproduces hydraulic pressure for the SRB hydraulic sys tem.ThetwoseparateHPUsandtwohydraulic systemsarelocated ontheaft endofeach SRB betweentheSRBnozzleandaftskirt.TheHPU components are mounted on the aft skirt be tween the rock and tilt actuators. The two sys tems operate from T minus 28seconds until SRB separation from the orbiter and external tank. The two independent hydraulic systems areconnectedtotherockandtiltservoactuators. The APU controller electronics are located in the SRB aft integrated electronic assemblies on theaftexternaltankattachrings. The APUs and their fuel systems are isolated from each other. Each fuel supply module (tank) contains 22 pounds of hydrazine. The fuel tank is pressurized with gaseous nitrogen at 400 psi, which provides the force to expel (positive expulsion) the fuel from the tank to thefueldistributionline,maintainingapositive

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 logic and enables the 112 percent APU speed control logic. The 100 percent APU speed en ables one APU/HPU to supply sufficient oper atinghydraulicpressuretobothservoactuators ofthatSRB. The APU 100 percent speed corresponds to 72,000 rpm, 110 percent to 79,200 rpm, and 112percentto80,640rpm. The hydraulic pump speed is 3,600 rpm and supplies hydraulic pressure of 3,050, plus or minus50,psi.Ahighpressurereliefvalvepro vides overpressure protection to the hydraulic systemandrelievesat3,750psi. TheAPUs/HPUsandhydraulicsystemsarere usablefor20missions.

positions an actuator ram and the nozzle to controlthedirectionofthrust. Thefourservovalvesineachactuatorprovidea forcesummed majority voting arrangement to position the power spool. With four identical commands to the four servovalves, the actuator forcesum action prevents a single erroneous command from affecting power ram motion. If theerroneouscommandpersistsformorethana predetermined time, differential pressure sens ing activates a selector valve to isolate and re move the defective servovalve hydraulic pres sure,permittingtheremainingchannelsandser vovalvestocontroltheactuatorramspool. Failure monitors are provided for each channel toindicatewhichchannelhasbeenbypassed.An isolationvalveoneachchannelprovidestheca pabilityofresettingafailedorbypassedchannel. Eachactuatorramisequippedwithtransducers for position feedback to the thrust vector con trolsystem.Withineachservoactuatorramisa splashdownloadreliefassemblytocushionthe nozzle at water splashdown and prevent dam agetothenozzleflexiblebearing.

Thrust Vector Control

EachSRBhastwohydraulicgimbalservoactua tors:oneforrockandonefortilt.Theservoac tuatorsprovidetheforceandcontroltogimbal thenozzleforthrustvectorcontrol. The space shuttle ascent thrust vector control portion of the flight control system directs the thrustofthethreeshuttlemainenginesandthe twoSRBnozzlestocontrolshuttleattitudeand trajectoryduringliftoff andascent.Commands fromtheguidancesystemaretransmittedtothe ATVC drivers, which transmit signals propor tionaltothecommandstoeachservoactuatorof the main engines and SRBs. Four independent flight control system channels and four ATVC channelscontrol sixmainengineand four SRB ATVCdrivers,witheachdrivercontrollingone hydraulic port on each main and SRB servoac tuator. Each SRB servoactuator consists of four inde pendent, twostage servovalves that receive signals from the drivers. Each servovalve con trols one power spool in each actuator, which

SRB Rate Gyro Assemblies

Each SRB contains two RGAs, with each RGA containing one pitch and one yaw gyro. These provideanoutputproportionaltoangularrates aboutthepitchandyawaxestotheorbitercom putersandguidance,navigationandcontrolsys tem during firststage ascent flight in conjunc tion with the orbiter roll rate gyros until SRB separation. At SRB separation, a switchover is madefromtheSRBRGAstotheorbiterRGAs. The SRB RGA rates pass through the orbiter flightaftmultiplexers/demultiplexerstotheor biterGPCs.TheRGAratesarethenmidvalue selectedinredundancymanagementtoprovide

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 SRB pitch and yaw rates to the user software. TheRGAsaredesignedfor20missions.

SRB Separation
SRBseparationisinitiatedwhenthethreesolid rocketmotorchamberpressuretransducersare processed in the redundancy management middle value select and the headend chamber pressure of both SRBs is less than or equal to 50psi. A backup cue is the time elapsed from boosterignition. Theseparationsequenceisinitiated,command ing the thrust vector control actuators to the null position and putting the main propulsion system into a secondstage configuration (0.8secondfromsequenceinitialization),which ensures the thrust of each SRB is less than 100,000pounds.Orbiteryawattitudeisheldfor fourseconds,andSRBthrustdropstolessthan 60,000pounds. The SRBs separate from the external tank within 30 milliseconds of the ordnance firing command. Theforwardattachmentpointconsistsofaball (SRB)andsocket(ET)heldtogetherbyonebolt. TheboltcontainsoneNSDpressurecartridgeat each end. The forward attachment point also carriestherangesafetysystemcrossstrapwir ing connecting each SRB RSS and the ET RSS witheachother. Theaftattachmentpointsconsistofthreesepa rate struts: upper, diagonal and lower. Each strut contains one bolt with an NSD pressure cartridgeateachend.Theupperstrutalsocar riestheumbilicalinterfacebetweenitsSRBand theexternaltankandontotheorbiter. There are four booster separation motors on each end of each SRB. The BSMs separate the

SRBs from the external tank. The solid rocket motorsineachclusteroffourareignitedbyfir ing redundant NSD pressure cartridges into redundantconfineddetonatingfusemanifolds. The separation commands issued from the or biterbytheSRBseparationsequenceinitiatethe redundantNSDpressurecartridge ineachbolt andignitetheBSMstoeffectacleanseparation.

SPACE SHUTTLE SUPER LIGHT WEIGHT TANK (SLWT)

The super lightweight external tank (SLWT) madeitsfirstshuttleflightJune2,1998,onmis sion STS91. The SLWT is 7,500 pounds lighter than the standard external tank. The lighter weight tank allows the shuttle to deliver Inter national Space Station elements (such as the servicemodule)intotheproperorbit. TheSLWTis thesamesizeasthe previousde sign.Buttheliquidhydrogentankandtheliq uid oxygen tank are made of aluminum lith ium,alighter,strongermaterialthanthemetal alloy used for the shuttles current tank. The tanks structural design has also been im proved, making it 30 percent stronger and 5percentlessdense. The SLWT, like the standard tank, is manufac turedatMichoudAssembly,nearNewOrleans, byLockheedMartin. The 154footlong external tank is the largest singlecomponentofthespaceshuttle.Itstands tallerthana15storybuildingandhasadiame ter of about 27 feet. The external tank holds over 530,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in two separate tanks. The hy drogen (fuel) and liquid oxygen (oxidizer) are usedaspropellantsfortheshuttlesthreemain engines.

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LAUNCH AND LANDING

LAUNCH
As with all previous space shuttle launches, Endeavour has several options to abort its as cent if needed due to engine failures or other systems problems. Shuttle launch abort phi losophyaimstowardsaferecoveryoftheflight crew and intact recovery of the orbiter and its payload. Abortmodesinclude:

RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS)
Ifoneormoreenginesshutsdownearlyandif theres not enough energy to reach Zaragoza, the shuttle would pitch around toward KSC until within gliding distance of the Shuttle Landing Facility. For launch to proceed, weather conditions must be forecast to be ac ceptable for a possible RTLS landing at KSC about20minutesafterliftoff.

ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO)
This mode is used if theres a partial loss of mainenginethrustlateenoughtopermitreach ingaminimal105by85nauticalmileorbitwith the orbital maneuvering system engines. The engines boost the shuttle to a safe orbital alti tudewhenitisimpossibletoreachtheplanned orbitalaltitude.

ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA)

An AOA is selected if the vehicle cannot achieve a viable orbit or will not have enough propellant to perform a deorbit burn, but has enoughenergytocircletheEarthonceandland about90minutesafterliftoff.

LANDING
The primary landing site for Endeavour on STS118 is the Kennedy Space Centers Shuttle Landing Facility. Alternate landing sites that could be used if neededdueto weathercondi tions or systems failures are at Edwards Air ForceBase,Calif.,andWhiteSandsSpaceHar bor,N.M.

TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING (TAL)

The loss of one or more main engines midway through powered flight would force a landing at either Zaragoza, Spain; Moron, Spain; or Is tres, France. For launch to proceed, weather conditions must be acceptable at one of these TALsites.

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AA AAA ABC AC ACBM ACO ACS ACSM ACU ADO ADSEP ADVASC ADVASCGC AEA AFD AJIS AKA APAS APCU APDS APFR APM APPCM APS AR ARCU ARIS ARS ASCR ATA ATCS ATU AUAI AVU AVV BA BBC BC AntennaAssembly AvionicsAirAssembly AudioBusCoupler AssemblyComplete ActiveCommonBerthingMechanism AssemblyandCheckoutOfficer AtmosphereControlandSupply AttitudeControlSystemModing ArmComputerUnit AdaptationDataOverlay AdvancedSeparation AdvancedAstroculture AdvancedAstrocultureGrowthChamber AntennaElectronicsAssembly AftFlightDeck AlphaJointInterfaceStructure ActiveKeelAssembly AndrogynousPeripheralAttachmentSystem AssemblyPowerConverterUnit AndrogynousPeripheralDockingSystem ArticulatingPortableFootRestraint AttachedPressurizedModule ArmPitchPlaneChangeMode AutomatedPayloadSwitch AtmosphereRevitalization AmericantoRussianConverterUnit ActiveRackIsolationSystem AirRevitalizationSystem AssuredSafeCrewReturn AmmoniaTankAssembly ActiveThermalControlSystem AudioTerminalUnit AssembleContingencySystem/UHFAudioInterface ArtificialVisionUnit AccumulatorVentValve BearingAssembly BusBoltController BusController

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

91

 BCDU BCU BDU BG BGA BGDTS BGHS BIT BITE BMRRM BONEMAC BPSMU BRS BSP BTS C&C C&DH C&M C&T C&W C/Acode C/L CA CAS CBM CBOSS CCAA CCASE CCD CCMS CCS CCTV CDDT CDRA CDS CETA CEU CFA CGBA CHeCS CHX BatteryCharge/DischargeUnit BackupControllerUnit BackupDriveUnit BetaGimbal BetaGimbalAssembly BetaGimbalDeploymentTransitionStructure BetaGimbalHousingSubassembly BuiltInTest BuiltInTestEquipment BearingMotorandRollRingModule BoneMarrowMacrophagesinSpace BatteryPoweredSpeakerMicrophoneUnit BottomRightSide BasebandSignalProcessor BoltTightSwitch CommandandControl CommandandDataHandling ControlandMonitor CommunicationandTracking CautionandWarning Coarse/Acquisitioncode CrewLock ControlAttitude CommonAttachSystem CommonBerthingMechanism CellularBiotechnologyOperatingScienceSystem CommonCabinAirAssembly CommercialCassetteExperiment CursorControlDevice ConcentricCableManagementSystem CommunicationandControlSystem ClosedCircuitTelevision CommonDisplayDevelopmentTeam CarbonDioxideRemovalAssembly CommandandDataSoftware CrewandEquipmentTranslationAid ControlElectronicsUnit CircularFanAssembly CommercialGenericBioprocessingApparatus CrewHealthCareSystem CondensingHeatExchanger

92

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 CID CIOB CLA CLPA CMG CMGTA CO2 COAS COR COTS CP CPCGH CR CRES CRIM CRIMM CRPCM CSA CSACP CSCI CSM CSS CTB CVIU CVT CVV CWC DAA DAG1 DAIU DAP DC dc DCP DCSU DDCU DDCUCP DDCUE DDCUHP DDCUI DFL CircuitInterruptDevice CargoIntegrationandOperationsBranch CameraandLightAssembly CameraLightandPan/TiltAssembly ControlMomentGyroscope ControlMomentGyroscopeThrusterAssist CarbonDioxide CrewOpticalAlignmentSight CommunicationOutageRecorder CommercialOffTheShelf ColdPlate CommercialProteinCrystalGrowthHigh ChangeRequest CorrosionResistantSteel CommercialRefrigeratorIncubatorModule CommercialRefrigeratorIncubatorModuleModified CanadianRemotePowerControllerModule ComputerSystemsArchitecture CompoundSpecificAnalyzerCombustionProducts ComputerSoftwareConfigurationItem CargoSystemsManual CrewSupportStation CargoTransferBag CommonVideoInterfaceUnit CurrentValueTable CarbonDioxideVentValve ContingencyWaterCollection DockedAirtoAir DockedA/G1 DockedAudioInterfaceUnit DigitalAutopilot DockingCompartment directcurrent DisplayandControlPanel DirectCurrentSwitchingUnit DCtoDCConverterUnit DCtoDCConverterUnitColdPlate ExternalDDCU DCtoDCConverterUnitHeatPipe InternalDDCU DataFormatLoad

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

93

 DLA DMCU DMSR dp/dt DPA DPS DTO DTV E/L EStop EACP EAIU EAS EATCS ECLSS ECU ED EDDA EE EEATCS EET EETCS EFGF EGIL EIA EMPEV EMU EOA EPCE EPG EPS ER ESA ESP ESSMDM ESU ETCS ETI ETRS ETSD ETVCG DriveLockingAssembly DockingMechanismControlUnit DataManagementSystemRussian deltapressure/deltatime DigitalPreassembly DataProcessingSystem DevelopmentTestObjective DigitalTelevision EquipmentLock EmergencyStop EMUAudioControlPanel EMUAudioInterfaceUnit EarlyAmmoniaServicer ExternalActiveThermalControlSubsystem EnvironmentalControlandLifeSupportSystem ElectronicsControlUnit EngagementDrive ExternalManeuveringUnitDon/DoffAssembly EndEffector EarlyExternalActiveThermalControlSystem ExperimentElapsedTime EarlyExternalThermalControlSystem ElectricalFlightreleasableGrappleFixture ElectricalGenerationandIntegratedLightingSystemsEngineer ElectricalInterfaceAssembly EmergencyManualPressureEqualizationValue ExtravehicularMobilityUnit EVAOhmmeterAssembly ElectricalPowerConsumingEquipment ElectricalPowerGenerator ElectricalPowerSystem EdgeRouter ExternalSamplingAdapter ExternalStowagePlatform EnhancedSpaceStationMultiplexer/Demultiplexer EndStopUnit ExternalThermalControlSystem ElapsedTimeIndicator EVATemporaryRailStop EVAToolStorageDevice ExternalTelevisionCamerasGroup

94

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 EUE EV EVCPDS EVA EVR EVSU EXPRESS EXT EWIS FAWG FC FCC FCT FCV FD FDA FDIR FDS FET FGB FHRC FI FPU FQDC FRD FRGF FSE FSS FWCI GAS GC GCA GFE GFI GJOP GLONASS GN&C GNC GPC GPRV ExperimentUniqueEquipment Extravehicular ExtravehicularChargedParticleDirectionalSpectrometer ExtravehicularActivity ExtravehicularRobotics ExternalVideoSwitchingUnit EXpeditethePRocessingofExperimentstotheSpaceStation ExperimentalTerminal ExternalWirelessInstrumentationSystem FlightAssignmentWorkingGroup FirmwareController FlatControllerCircuit FlightControlTeam FlowControlValve FlightDay FaultDetectionAnnunciation Failure,Detection,IsolationandRecovery FireDetectionandSuppression FieldEffectTransistor FunctionalCargoBlock FlexHoseRotaryCoupler FaultIsolator FluidPumpingUnit FluidQuickDisconnectCoupling FlightRequirementsDocument FlightReleasableGrappleFixture FlightSupportEquipment FluidSystemServicer FirmwareConfigurationItem GetAwaySpecial GrowthCell GrowthCellAssembly GovernmentFurnishedEquipment GroundFaultInterrupter GenericJointOperationsPanel GLObalNavigationalSatelliteSystem Guidance,NavigationandControl GuidanceNavigationComputer GeneralPurposeComputer GasPressureregulatingValve

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

95

 GPS GUI H2 HAB HC HCA HCOR HDR HDRL HEPA HGA HHL HP HPGT HRF HRFPUFDK HRFRes HRFM HRM HRS I/F I/O IAC IAS IATCS ICC ICOM IDA IDRD IEA IFHX IFI IFM IMCA IMCS IMU IMV INCO INSTM INT INTSYS GlobalPositioningSystem GraphicalUserInterface Hydrogen HabitatModule HandController HollowCathodeAssembly HighRateCommunicationOutageRecorder HighDataRate HighDateRateLink HighEfficiencyParticulateAir HighGainAntenna HandheldLidar HeatPipe HighPressureGasTank HumanResearchFacility HumanResearchFacilityPuffDataKit HumanResearchFacilityResupply HighRateFrameMultiplexer HighRateModem HandReactionSwitch Interface Input/Output InternalAudioController InternalAudioSubsystem InternalActiveThermalControlSystem IntegratedCargoCarrier Intercom IntegratedDiodeAssembly IncrementDefinitionRequirementsDocument IntegratedEquipmentAssembly InterfaceHeatExchanger ItemforInvestigation InflightMaintenance IntegratedMotorControlAssembly IntegratedMissionControlSystem ImpedanceMatchingUnit IntermoduleVentilation InstrumentationandCommunicationOfficer Instrumentation Internal InternalSystems

96

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 IOC IOCU IP IRU ISA ISIS ISL ISO ISPR ISS ISSPO ISSSH IT ITCS ITS IUA IV IVA IVSU IWIS JAXA JEM JEU KSC kW LA Lab LAN LB LBRWS LCA LCC LCD LDI LDR LDU LED LEE LEU LFDP Input/OutputController Input/OutputControllerUnit InternationalPartner InFlightRefillUnit InternalSamplingAdapter InternationalSpaceStationInterfaceStandard IntegratedStationLAN InventoryandStowageOfficer InternationalStandardPayloadRack InternationalSpaceStation InternationalSpaceStationProgramOffice InternationalSpaceStationSystemsHandbook IntegratedTruss InternalThermalControlSystem IntegratedTrussSegment InterfaceUmbilicalAssembly Intravehicular IntravehicularActivity InternalVideoSwitchUnit InternalWirelessInstrumentationSystem JapanAerospaceExplorationAgency JapaneseExperimentModule JointElectronicUnit KennedySpaceCenter Kilowatt LaunchAft Laboratory LocalAreaNetwork LocalBus RWSLocalBus LabCradleAssembly LaunchCommitCriteria LiquidCrystalDisplay LocalDataInterface LowDataRate LinearDriveUnit LightEmittingDiode LatchingEndEffector LEEElectronicUnit LoadFaultDetectionProtection

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

97

 LGA LLA LMC LON LT LTA LTL LTU LVLH MA MAM MBA MBE MBM MBS MBSU MC MCA MCAS MCC MCCH MCCM MCDS MCS MCU MDA MDL MDM MEDOPS MEPS MEPSI MER MET METOX MFCV MHS MILSTD MILA MIP MISSE MLI LowGainAntenna LowLevelAnalog LightweightMultipurposeCarrier LaunchOnNeed LowTemperature LaunchtoActivation LowTemperatureLoop LoadTransferUnit LocalVerticalLocalHorizontal MechanicalAssembly ManualAugmentedRole MotorizedBoltAssembly MetalBellowsExpander ManualBerthingMechanism MobileRemoteServiceBaseSystem MainBusSwitchingUnit MidcourseCorrection MajorConstituentAnalyzer MBSCommonAttachSystem MissionControlCenter MissionControlCenterHouston MissionControlCenterMoscow MultifunctionCRTDisplaySystem MotionControlSystem MBSComputerUnit MotorDriveAssembly MiddeckLocker Multiplexer/Demultiplexer MedicalOperations MicroencapsulationElectrostaticProcessingSystem MicroElectromechanicalSystembasedPicoSatelliteInspector MissionEvaluationRoom MissionElapsedTime MetalOxide ManualFlowControlValve MCUHostSoftware MilitaryStandard ModeIndicatingLightAssembly MissionIntegrationPlan MaterialsInternationalSpaceStationExperiment MultiLayerInsulation

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ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 MM/OD MMT MOD MPEV MPLM MPM MRL MRS MRSBS MSD MSFC MSG MSS MT MTCL MTL MTS MTSAS MTWsN N2 N.mi. NASA NCC NCG NCS NCU NET NIA NiH2 NIV NSI NSTS NTA O2 OCA OCAD OCJM OCPM OCS ODIN ODS Micrometeoroid/OrbitalDebris MissionManagementTeam MissionOperationsDirectorate ManualPressureEqualizationValve MultipurposeLogisticsModule ManipulatorPositioningMechanism ManipulatorRetentionLatch MobileRemoteServicer MobileRemoteServicerBaseSystem MassStorageDevice MarshallSpaceFlightCenter MicrogravityScienceGlovebox MobileServicingSystem MobileTransporter MobileTransporterCaptureLatch ModerateTemperatureLoop ModuletoTrussSegment ModuletoTrussSegmentAttachmentSystem MovetoWorksiteNumber Nitrogen Nauticalmile NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration NominalCorrectiveCombinationburn NonCondensableGas NodeControlSoftware NetworkControlUnit NoEarlierThan NitrogenInterfaceAssembly NickelHydrogen NitrogenIntroductionValve NASAStandardInitiator NationalSpaceTransportationSystem NitrogenTankAssembly Oxygen OrbitalCommunicationsAdapter OperationalControlAgreementDocument OperatorCommandedJointPositionMode OperatorCommandedPORMode OperationsandControlSoftware OrbitalDesignIntegrationSystem OrbiterDockingSystem

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

99

 OI OIU OIV OMI OMS OPCGA OPP Ops OPSLAN ORBT ORCA ORU OSE OSO OSVS OTD OV P&S PCode P/L P/TV P3/P4 PAS PBA PC PCA PCAM PCBM PCC PCGSTES PCMCIA PCP PCR PCS PCT PCU PCVP PDGF PDI PDIP PDRS OperationalIncrement OrbiterInterfaceUnit OxygenIsolationValve OnOrbitMaintainableItem OrbitalManeuveringSystem ObservableProteinCrystalGrowthApparatus OSVSPatchPanel Operations OperationsLocalAreaNetwork OptimizedRBarTargetingTechnique OxygenRechargeCompressorAssembly OrbitalReplacementUnit OrbiterSupportEquipment OperationsSupportOfficer OrbiterSpaceVisionSystem ORUTransferDevice OrbiterVehicle PointingandSupport PrecisionCode Payload Photo/Television Port3/Port4 PayloadAttachSystem PortableBreathingApparatus PersonalComputer PressureControlAssembly ProteinCrystallizationApparatusforMicrogravity PassiveCommonBerthingMechanism PowerConverterController ProteinCrystalGrowthSingleThermalEnclosureSystem PersonalComputerMemoryCardInternationalAdapter PressureControlPanel PortableComputerReceptacle PortableComputerSystem PostContactThrusting PlasmaConnectorUnit PumpandControlValvePackage PowerandDataGrappleFixture PayloadDataInterface PayloadDataInterfacePanel PayloadDeploymentandRetrievalSystem

100

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 PDTA PDU PEHG PF PFCS PFE PFMC PFR PGBAS PGSC PGT PHALCON PJPAM PLB PM PMA PMCU PMDIS PMP POA POC POR POST PP PPA PPAM ppO2 PPRV PPT PRD PRLA ProxOps PSN PSP PTB PTCS PTR PTU PV PVCA PVCE PVCU PowerDataTransferAssembly PowerDriveUnit PayloadEthernetHubGateway PayloadForward PumpFlowControlSubassembly PortableFireExtinguisher Pump/FanMotorController PortableFootRestraint PlantGenericBioprocessingApparatusStowage PortableGeneralSupportComputer PistolGripTool Power,Heating,Articulation,Lighting,andControlOfficer PrestoredJointPositionAutosequenceMode PayloadBay PumpModule PressurizedMatingAdapter PowerManagementControlUnit PerceptualMotorDeficitsInSpace PayloadMountingPanel Payload/ORUAccommodation PortableOnboardComputer PointofReference PowerONSelfTest PlanningPeriod PumpPackageAssembly PrestoredPORAutosequenceMode partialpressureofoxygen PositivePressureReliefValve Precipitate PayloadRetentionDevice PayloadRetentionLatchAssembly ProximityOperations PowerSourceNode PayloadSignalProcessor PayloadTrainingBuffer PassiveThermalControlSystem PortThermalRadiator Pan/TiltUnit Photovoltaic PhotovoltaicControllerApplication PhotovoltaicControllerElement PhotovoltaicControllerUnit

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

101

 PVM PVR PVRGF PVTCS PWP PWR PYR QD R/F R&R RACU RAIU RAM RAMV RB RBB RBI RBVM RCC RCS RDA RF RFCA RFG RGA RHC RHX RIC RJMC RMS ROBO ROS RP RPC RPCM RPDA RPM RPOP RS RSC RSP PhotovoltaicModule PhotovoltaicRadiator PhotovoltaicRadiatorGrappleFixture PhotovoltaicThermalControlSystem PortableWorkPlatform PortableWaterReservoir PitchYawRoll QuickDisconnect Refrigerator/Freezer RemovalandReplacement RussiantoAmericanConverterUnit RussianAudioInterfaceUnit RandomAccessMemory RheostatAirMixValve RadiatorBeam RightBlanketBox RemoteBusIsolator RadiatorBeamValve ReinforcedCarbonCarbon ReactionControlSystem RetainerDoorAssembly RadioFrequency RackFlowControlAssembly RadioFrequencyGroup RateGyroAssemblies RotationalHandController RegenerativeHeatExchanger RackInterfaceController RotaryJointMotorController RemoteManipulatorSystem RoboticsOperationsSupportOfficer RussianOrbitalSegment Receiver/Processor RemotePowerController RemotePowerControllerModule RemotePowerDistributionAssembly RbarPitchManeuver RendezvousandProximityOperationsProgram RussianSegment RMSSideviewCamera ResupplyStowagePlatform

102

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 RSR RSTS RSU RT RTBox RTAS RTD RTL RWS S S&M S3/S4 SA SABB SAGE SARJ SARJ_C SARJ_M SASA SAW SCA SCI SCU SD SDO SDS SEM SEPS SFCA SFU SGANT SHOSS SHOT SIGI SJRM SLDP SLP SM SMCC SMDP SOC ResupplyStowageRack RackStandaloneTemperatureSensor RollerSuspensionUnit RemoteSensingUnit RemoteTerminal ReactionTimeBox RocketdyneTrussAttachmentSystem ResistiveThermalDevice ReadytoLatch RoboticWorkstation Starboard StructuresandMechanisms Starboard3/Starboard4 SolarArray SolarArrayBlanketBox SpaceArabidoposisGenomicsExperiment SolarAlphaRotaryJoint SARJController SARJManager SbandAntennaSupportAssembly SolarArrayWing SwitchgearControllerAssembly SignalConditioningInterface ServiceandCoolingUmbilical SmokeDetector SolenoidDriverOutput SampleDeliverySystem ShuntElectronicsModule SecondaryElectricalPowerSubsystem SystemFlowControlAssembly SquibFiringUnit SpacetoGroundAntenna SpacehabOceaneeringSpaceSystem SpaceHardwareOptimizationTechnology SpaceIntegratedGlobalPositioningSystem/InertialNavigationSystem SingleJointRateMode SpacelabDataProcessing SpacelabLogisticsPallet ServiceModule ShuttleMissionControlCenter ServiceModuleDebrisPanel StateofCharge

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

103

 SOV SPCE SPD SPDA SPDM SPG SRMS SSAS SSBA SSC SSMDM SSOR SSP SSPTS SSRMS SSSH SSSR SSU STCR STES STR SVS TA TAA TAH TBA TC TCCS TCCV TCS TD TDRS TDRSS TEA TFR THC THOR TI TORF TORU TORVA ShutoffValve ServicingPerformanceandCheckoutEquipment SpoolPositioningDevice SecondaryPowerDistributionAssembly SpecialPurposeDexterousManipulator SinglePointGround ShuttleRemoteManipulatorSystem SegmenttoSegmentAttachSystem SpaceStationBufferAmplifier StationSupportComputer SpaceStationMultiplexer/Demultiplexer SpacetoSpaceOrbiterRatio StandardSwitchPanel StationtoShuttlePowerTransferSystem SpaceStationRemoteManipulatorSystem SpaceShuttleSystemsHandbook SpacetoSpaceStationRadio SequentialShuntUnit StarboardThermalControlRadiator SingleThermalEnclosureSystem StarboardThermalRadiator SpaceVisionSystem ThrusterAssist TriaxialAccelerometerAssembly TrayActuationHandle TrundleBearingAssembly TerminalComputer TraceContaminantControlSubassembly TemperatureControlandCheckValve TrajectoryControlSensor TranslationDrive TrackingandDataRelaySatellite TrackingandDataRelaySatelliteSystem TorqueEquilibriumAttitude TranslationFootRestraint TemperatureandHumidityControl ThermalOperationsandResourcesOfficer TerminalPhaseInitiation TwiceOrbitalRateFlyaround TeleoperatorControlMode TwiceOrbitalRate+Rbarto+VbarApproach

104

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

JULY 2007

 TPL TRAC TRC TRRJ TSP TTCR TUS TVIS TWMV UB UCCAS UDG UF UHF UIA ULCAS UIP ULF UMA UOP USA USL USOS UTA VAJ VBSP VCP VCSA VDS VDU VES VGS VRCV VRIV VRS VRV VSC VSSA W/S WETA TransferPriorityList TestofReactionandAdaptionCapabilities TransmitterReceiverController ThermalRadiatorRotaryJoint TwistedShieldedPair TrailingThermalControlRadiator TrailingUmbilicalSystem TreadmillVibrationIsolationSystem ThreeWayMixingValve UserBus UnpressurizedCargoCarrierAttachSystem UserDataGeneration UtilizationFlight UltrahighFrequency UmbilicalInterfaceAssembly UnpressurizedLogisticsCarrierAttachSystem UtilityInterfacePanel UtilizationLogisticsFlight UmbilicalMechanismAssembly UtilityOutletPanel UnitedSpaceAlliance U.S.Laboratory UnitedStatesOnOrbitSegment UtilityTransferAssembly VacuumAccessJumper VideoBasebandSignalProcessor VideoCameraPort VideoCameraSupportAssembly VideoDistributionSystem VideoDistributionUnit VacuumExhaustSystem VideoGraphicsSoftware Vent/ReliefControlValve Vent/ReliefIsolationValve VESResourceSystem Vent/ReliefValve VideoSignalConverter VideoStanchionSupportAssembly Worksite WVSExternalTransceiverAssembly

JULY 2007

ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

105

 WHS WIF WRM WS WVA XPOP ZCGSS ZSR WorkstationHostSoftware WorksiteInterface WaterRecoveryManagement WaterSeparator WaterVentAssembly XaxisPointingOutofPlane ZeoliteCrystalGrowthSampleStowage ZerogStowageRack

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JULY 2007

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MEDIA ASSISTANCE

NASA TELEVISION TRANSMISSION

NASATelevisioniscarriedonanMPEG2digi tal signal accessed via satellite AMC6, at 72degrees west longitude, transponder 17C, 4040 MHz, vertical polarization. For those in Alaska or Hawaii, NASA Television will be seenonAMC7,at137degreeswestlongitude, transponder 18C, at 4060 MHz, horizontal po larization. In both instances, a Digital Video Broadcast(DVB)compliantIntegratedReceiver Decoder(IRD)(withmodulationofQPSK/DBV, datarateof36.86andFEC)willbeneededfor reception. The NASA Television schedule and linkstostreamingvideoareavailableat: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv NASA TVs digital conversion will require members of the broadcast media to upgrade with an addressable Integrated Receiver De coder,orIRD,toparticipateinlivenewsevents and interviews, press briefings and receive NASAs Video File news feeds on a dedicated Media Services channel. NASA mission cover age will air on a digital NASA Public Services (Free to Air) channel, for which only a basic IRDwillbeneeded.Theschedulefortelevision transmissions from the orbiter and for mission briefingswillbeavailableduringthemissionat Kennedy Space Center, Fla.; Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.; Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif.; Johnson Space Center, Houston; and NASA Headquar

ters, Washington. The television schedule will be updated to reflect changes dictated by mis sionoperations.

Status Reports
Status reports on countdown and mission pro gress,onorbitactivitiesandlandingoperations willbepostedat: http://www.nasa.gov/shuttle This sitealsocontains informationon thecrew andwillbeupdatedregularlywithphotosand videoclipsthroughouttheflight.

Briefings
Amissionpressbriefingschedulewillbeissued before launch. The updated NASA television schedule will indicate when mission briefings areplanned.

Internet Information
Information on safety enhancements made sincetheColumbiaAccidentisavailableat: www.nasa.gov/returntoflight/system/index.html InformationonothercurrentNASAactivitiesis availableat: http://www.nasa.gov/home Resourcesforeducatorscanbefoundatthefol lowingaddress: http://education.nasa.gov

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PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS

HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, DC
AllardBeutel PublicAffairsOfficer SpaceOperations 2023584769 KatherineTrinidad PublicAffairsOfficer SpaceOperations 2023583749 JohnYembrick PublicAffairsOfficer SpaceOperations 2023580602 MichaelBraukus PublicAffairsOfficer InternationalPartners 2023581979

RobNavias ProgramandMissionOperationsLead 2814835111 LynnetteMadison PublicAffairsSpecialist InternationalSpaceStationandEngineering 2814835111

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FLORIDA

GeorgeDiller PublicAffairsSpecialist SpaceShuttle 3218672468 TracyYoung PublicAffairsSpecialist InternationalSpaceStation 3218672468

JOHNSON SPACE CENTER HOUSTON, TEXAS

JamesHartsfield NewsChief 2814835111 KyleHerring PublicAffairsSpecialist SpaceShuttleProgramOffice 2814835111 KylieClem PublicAffairsSpecialist MissionOperationsandFlightCrewOperations 2814835111

MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA

DomAmatore PublicAffairsManager 2565440034 JuneMalone PublicAffairsSpecialist NewsChief/MediaManager 2565440034 SteveRoy PublicAffairsSpecialist SpaceShuttlePropulsion 2565440034

JULY 2007

PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS

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STENNIS SPACE CENTER MISSISSIPPI

LindaTheobald PublicAffairsSpecialist 2286883249 PaulFoerman NewsChief 2286881880 RebeccaStrecker PublicAffairsSpecialist 2286883346

GLENN RESEARCH CENTER CLEVELAND, OHIO

LoriRachul NewsChief 2164338806 KatherineMartin PublicAffairsSpecialist 2164332406

LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER HAMPTON, VIRGINIA

H.KeithHenry Deputy,OfficeofPublicAffairs 7578646120

AMES RESEARCH CENTER MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA

MikeMewhinney NewsChief 6506043937 JonasDino PublicAffairsSpecialist 6506045612

UNITED SPACE ALLIANCE

MikeCurie SpaceProgramOperationsContract HoustonOperations 2814839251 3218613805 TracyYates FloridaOperations 3218613956

DRYDEN FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER CALIFORNIA

AlanBrown NewsChief 6612762665 LeslieWilliams PublicAffairsSpecialist 6612763893

BOEING
EdMemi MediaRelations BoeingNASASystems 2812264029

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JULY 2007