March 2012 Magazine

March 2012 Vol. 34 No.
Decorative & Architectural Concrete

32 Art and Science of Building in Concrete: The Work of Pier Luigi Nervi
Next Time...
specify ACI Certified personnel

Since 1980, ACI has tested over 350,000 concrete technicians, inspectors, supervisors, and craftsmen in 17 different certification programs. When you have a need for qualified concrete professionals specify ACI Certification.
CCRL LAb ToUR
The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory offers performance examinations for the ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician and ACI Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 certification programs. Upcoming tour locations are: March 2012 Illinois Indiana Louisiana Mississippi April 2012 Iowa Louisiana Mississippi Missouri Wisconsin
To schedule your lab for CCRL inspection, and to arrange for performance testing, contact Jan Prowell at (301) 975-6704.
Visit www.ACI Certification.org for:

Descriptions of ACI Certification Programs Includes program requirements and reference/ resource materials. Schedule of Upcoming/Testing Sessions Search by program and/or state. Directory of Certified Individuals Confirm an individuals certification and date of expiration.
2
march 2012 Concrete international
MArch 2012 Vol. 34 No. 3
34
DEcOrATIVE & ArchITEcTUrAL cONcrETE
32
Art and Science of Building in Concrete: The Work of Pier Luigi Nervi
International exhibition and ACI Spring 2012 Convention sessions are dedicated to this grand master of concrete structures by Mario A. Chiorino
45
The Textile Block System
An overview of Frank Lloyd Wrights mono-material concepts for middle-income housing by Edward Losch
The Use of Glass Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Material
56
Field trials in slab, wall, and sidewalk concrete mixtures by Arezki Tagnit-Hamou and Abdelkrim Bengougam
62 65 18 41 69 82 94 50
2012 AIA Institute Honor Awards HNA Hardscape Project Award Winners
ALSO FEATUrING Bridging Theory & Practice
Highlights of the ACI Fall 2011 Convention

Concrete Sustainability Forum IV
Essence of concrete sustainability by Koji Sakai and Julie K. Buffenbarger

The New Fellows of ACI
Twenty-eight members will be awarded at the spring convention

ASCC Position Statement
Concrete Floor Slabs on Cambered Structural Steel

Concrete Q & A
Anchors for Structures in Seismic Regions
Concrete international MARCh 2012
March
57
Concrete international
PUbLIShEr John c. Glumb, caE (John.Glumb@concrete.org) EDITOr-IN-chIEF rex c. Donahey, PE, LEED aP (rex.Donahey@concrete.org) ENGINEErING EDITOr W. agata Pyc (agata.Pyc@concrete.org) MANAGING EDITOr Keith a. Tosolt (Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org) EDITOrIAL ASSISTANT Kaitlyn J. hinman (Kaitlyn.hinman@concrete.org) ADVErTISING Jeff rhodes Network media Partners, Inc. (jrhodes@networkmediapartners.com) Publishing services MANAGEr Barry m. Bergin EDITOrS carl r. Bischof (Senior Editor), Karen czedik, Kelli r. Slayden, Denise E. Wolber GrAPhIc DESIGNErS Gail L. Tatum (Senior Designer), Susan K. Esper, colleen E. hunt, ryan m. Jay PUbLIShING ASSISTANT Daniela a. Bedward
Copyright 2012 American Concrete Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All correspondence should be directed to the headquarters office: P.O. Box 9094, Farmington hills, MI 48333-9094. Telephone: (248) 848-3700. Facsimile (FAX): (248) 848-3701. Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington hills, Mich. 48331. Periodicals postage paid at Farmington, Mich., and at additional mailing offices. Concrete International has title registration with the U.S. Patent Trademark Office. Subscription rates: $161 per year (U.S. and possessions); $170 (elsewhere) payable in advance: single copy price is $26.00 for nonmembers, $19.00 for ACI members, both prepaid. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Concrete International, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington hills, MI 48333-9094. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. Permission is granted by the American Concrete Institute for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) to photocopy any article herein for the fee of $3.00 per transaction. Payments marked ISSN 0162-4075/97 should be sent directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA. 01970. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference use without the express permission of the American Concrete Institute is prohibited. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to the Publisher, Concrete International, American Concrete Institute. Canadian GST #126213149RT
departments
6 7 10 12 13 77 80
Pier Luigi Nervis masterpieces typically display elegant geometrical networks, illustrated here by patterns from the Palazzo del Lavoro in Turin, Italy; the small Sports Palace in Rome, Italy; the Papal Audience Hall in Vatican City; and St. Marys Cathedral in San Francisco, CA. For more on the extraordinary talents and accomplishments of Nervi, as well as more detailed images of these and other structures, see p. 32.
Letters Presidents memo Educational Seminars On the move News Products & Practice Products Showcase Industry Focus calls for Papers Public Discussion Spanish Translation Synopses Bookshelf Whats New, Whats coming meetings membership application Bulletin Board advertisers Index
83 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93
AMErIcAN cONcrETE INSTITUTE

http://www.concrete.org Tel. (248) 848-3700 Fax. (248) 848-3150
IN
ci
American concrete Institute

board of Direction
Dennis C. Ahal Neal S. Anderson Emmanuel K. Attiogbe Khaled W. Awad James R. Harris Cecil L. Jones Kenneth C. Hover
President
directors
Ron Klemencic David A. Lange Denis Mitchell Jack Moehle David H. Sanders Joseph C. Sanders
March 2012
n this months CI, contributors Mario A. Chiorino and Edward Losch individually examine the legacies of two great designers: Pier Luigi Nervi and Frank Lloyd Wright. Although Im aware of no collaborations between the two, the articles make it clear that they shared an enthusiasm for stay-in-place precast concrete formwork. The audacity, elegance, and beauty of such systems are demonstrated well by the mesh of reinforced intersecting ribs in Nervis Hall C of Turin Exhibition Complex in Turin, Italy, and the nearly transparent colonnade of Wrights Turkel House in Detroit, MI. The well-illustrated articles start on p. 32 and 45, respectively. This month marks the end of Ken Hovers term as President of ACI, and he wraps up with yet another inspiring Presidents Memo (p. 7). Taking a cue from ACI Past President S.C. Hollisters farewell address delivered over 78 years ago, Hover encourages ACI members to continue to look to the future. Hollister commented on many topics in his talk, including his expectations for future industry developments such as high-strength concrete, but his anticipation of Precast units, easy to handle struck me as precisely relevant to the work of Nervi and Wright. Hollisters address is reprinted in its entirety on pp. 8-9. It serves well as the stay-in-place form to encompass the theme of backsight and foresight in Hovers final memo and the recounting of Nervi and Wrights landmark achievements. Rex C. Donahey
David Darwin Luis E. Garca Florian G. Barth James K. Wight
Past President Board memBers
Vice Presidents
Anne M. Ellis
executiVe Vice President

Ronald Burg
technical actiVities committee

David A. Lange Daniel W. Falconer Sergio M. Alcocer David J. Bird Chiara F. Ferraris Ronald J. Janowiak Michael E. Kreger Kevin A. MacDonald Antonio Nanni Hani H. Nassif Jan Olek Michael M. Sprinkel Pericles C. Stivaros Eldon Tipping
secretary chair
educational actiVities committee

David M. Suchorski Michael L. Tholen Alejandro Duran-Herrera Frances T. Griffith Tarek S. Kahn Kimberly E. Kurtis Thomas O. Malerk John J. Myers William D. Palmer Jr. Andrea J. Schokker Lawrence L. Sutter Lawrence H. Taber David W. Whitmore
staff liaison chair
certification Programs committee

G. Terry Harris John W. Nehasil Khaled W. Awad Heather J. Brown Mark A. Cheek Cesar A. Constantino Jean-Franois Dufour Alejandro Duran-Herrera J. Mitchell Englestead Frances T. Griffith Charles S. Hanskat Joe Hug Colin L. Lobo Thomas O. Malerk Ed T. McGuire William D. Palmer Jr. John J. Schemmel Vinicio Suarez George R. Wargo
staff liaison chair
aci staff
Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (Ron.Burg@concrete.org) Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (John.Glumb@concrete.org) Certification and chapters:
John W. Nehasil, Managing Director (John.Nehasil@concrete.org)
Professional development:
Michael L. Tholen, Managing Director (Mike.Tholen@concrete.org)
Customer and member support:

Melinda G. Reynolds, Manager (Melinda.Reynolds@concrete.org)
Sales and membership:
Diane L. Baloh, Director (Diane.Baloh@concrete.org)
Engineering:
Daniel W. Falconer, Managing Director (Daniel.Falconer@concrete.org)
Strategic Development Council/ Marketing, sales, and industry relations:

Douglas J. Sordyl, Managing Director (Douglas.Sordyl@concrete.org)
Finance and administration:

Donna G. Halstead, Managing Director (Donna.Halstead@concrete.org) Rene J. Lewis, Director (Renee.Lewis@concrete.org)
Sustainability:
Publishing and event services:
Kevin P. Mlutkowski, Director (Kevin.Mlutkowski@concrete.org)
sustaining memBers
See pages 16-17 for a list of acIs Sustaining members. To learn more about our sustaining members, go to the acI Web site at www.concrete.org/members/mem_sustaining.htm.
Concrete international MARCh 2012
Letters
While we applaud the effort to make CI readers aware of the contents of floor flatness reports, we are concerned about a number of issues in The Floor Flatness Report from the January 2011 CI (V. 33, No. 1, pp. 35-39). The article may cause some building owners and others interested in floors meeting flatness and levelness tolerances to have unreasonable or misguided expectations regarding reported floor flatness and levelness results. Some statements included in the article therefore require correction or clarification. Quoting from p. 37 on taking measurements with a Dipstick floor profiler or equivalent: Minimum sampling requirements are discussed in ACI 117. In fact, the requirements for the minimum number of 10 ft elevation difference readings per the test section, Nmin, are discussed in Section 7.6 of ASTM E1155, Standard Test Method for Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor Levelness Numbers. ACI 117, Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary, provides only minimum sampling require ments for the manual straightedge method (Section 4.8.6.2). Also quoting from p. 37: When reviewing a report, you should first verify that the overall FF and FL values meet the specified requirements. For example, suppose your project specification calls for a minimum FF of 25 and a minimum FL of 20. The corresponding minimum local values are typically 60% of these values, or 15.0 and 12.0, respectively; these should be spelled out in the specification. Looking at the example data in Table 2, you can see that the overall flatness and levelness requirements have been met. The inclusion of the word minimum in the second sentence is problematic. Minimum FF and minimum FL could be confused with minimum local values for flatness (MLFF) and levelness (MLFL) as described in ACI 117, Section 4.8.5.3, so better wording would have been: suppose your project specification calls for a specified overall value for flatness (SOFF) of 25 and a specified overall value for levelness (SOFL) of 20. The corresponding minimum local values for flatness (MLFF) and levelness (MLFL) are typically 60% of these values, or 15.0 and 12.0, respectively. A similar issue occurs on p. 38: If the overall FF and FL values exceed the minimum specified requirements and the minimum local values have not been violated, there is no need for remediation. This should be phrased as, If the overall FF and FL values meet or exceed the specified overall values and the minimum local values have not been violated, on any minimum local 6
The Floor Flatness Report
areas, there is no need for remediation. In terms of setting unreasonable expectations, the following statement from p. 38 is the most questionable: However, ifas in the examplethe overall values meet the specification and the minimum local values dont, the surface will need remediation in the areas where the minimum local values were out of spec. Additional testing will be required to determine the entire area for remediation. This statement is true if minimum local values are not met in a local tested area or areas. Unfortunately, the cited example provides only data from a single run, not a complete test section (minimum local area). Thus, the reader is led to believe that a single run with results below the minimum local value requires remediation for violating the minimum local tolerance value. This is not true. An individual run can be used solely as datanothing more. The data might indicate a possibility of an issue with flatness and/or levelness in an area around a particular run, but the data cannot be compared against a specified value. As ACI 117, Commentary Section R4.8.5.3, states, Acceptance or rejection of a minimum local area requires that data collection within the minimum local area in question meet the requirements of ASTM E1155. ASTM E1155, Section 7.2.1, specifies that no test section shall measure less than 8 ft on a side, nor comprise an area less than 320 ft2. Because a single test run represents data from a line (not an area), the data in the example cannot be compared against specified MLFF and/or MLFL values. More information on why one sample measurement line of flatness/levelness cannot be used as a means for rejecting a floor is provided in the July 2008 Concrete Q&A (Rejecting Floors Based on One Sample Measurement Line, Concrete International, V. 30, No. 7, pp. 83-84). Darrell L. Darrow, Allflat Consulting, Norfolk, VA Bryan M. Birdwell, Birdwell and Associates, Lakeland, FL Editor and authors response The writers comments are appreciated. We agree that minimum sampling requirements are not discussed in ACI 117 and the reference should have been to ASTM E1155. The use of the word minimum when referring to specified overall values (SOF), albeit possibly considered problematic, is a correct term in the sense that the SOF is the lowest value tolerable by the specifier. The error on p. 38 was the result of an unfortunate attempt by the Editor to get more value out of a table. A single test run cant be compared against an SOF, so the clause, as in the example, should not have been included in the discussion. Rex C. Donahey, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI Mark A. Cheek, Beta Testing & Inspection LLC, Gretna, LA
Presidents
Memo
Surveying the Future: backsights and Foresights
y route to the construction industry began with a Surveying Merit Badge. A few years later, I was running surveys and I loved every minute, including the long, cold day I shot wet-screed elevations for a young Dan Baker, who was running the crew with the story pole in one hand and a float in the Kenneth c. hover, other. I learned that when AcI President transferring levels from the known elevation behind you to establish a new reference ahead, you need to balance the backsight and the foresight. To minimize error, you have to look back about as far as you want to look aheadan important lesson for this, my last Presidents Memo. Coming onto the Executive Committee, I was blessed with a dynamic and discerning Board of Direction, the wisdom and depth of Luis Garca, the strategic instincts and vision of Florian Barth, and the incredible energy, enthusiasm, and creativity of Dick Stehly. I was likewise blessed with dedicated staff members who learned the ropes under Bill Tolley. Those folks and their predecessors gave sustainability a home in ACI and a home in the concrete industry through the Concrete Joint Sustainability Initiative. They also welcomed or expanded the scope of more new technical, educational, certification, and board committees than I can list here. Looking forward, Jim Wight is 100% ready to assume the role of President and is following Terry Hollands advice to hit the ground running. Anne Ellis is primed to become our Senior Vice President (VP) and is actively leading reviews of our strategic plan and how we communicate with each other and the world. We are excited to bring Bill Rushings experience, enthusiasm, and deep fiscal understanding of the Institute to the position of VP. And Ron Burg has come up to speed and effectiveness incredibly fast as our no longer new Executive VP. Over the next few years, this new Executive Committee will see continued development in sustainability, be part of the fresh new look in ACIs educational activities, experience the new member-requested convention format, sharpen focus on our chapters, and witness the launch of the exciting new 318 Code format. This inspired new leadership also will be finding ways to more fully integrate international and
domestic activities to accurately reflect our truly global industry, whereas United Airlines puts itthe word foreign is losing its meaning. To look further into our future, lets reference ACI President S.C. Hollisters farewell speech as a benchmark from our past (delivered almost 80 years ago and reprinted on the following pages). Hollister imagined the consequences of boosting compressive strength from 3000 to 10,000 psi (made possible by imagining admixtures). He predicted: Smaller columns, thinner and lighter beams and slabs would at once result. Precast units, easy to handle, would be available. The present limiting heights of buildings, of spans of bridges, would at least double. A new basis of design, new codes and specifications, would be required. Wow! Hollister was right on target! But he also warned against growing so accustomed to the surrounding conditions that they are accepted as a sort of status not subject to review. Here in the present, I believe that todays concrete industry can pretty much do anything that is asked of it. We can provide strength, stiffness, durability, resistance to cracking, and resiliency; and we can do it sustainably, pretty much on any site, anywhere in the world as long as someone is willing to pay for it. My vision of the near future is that we can do this more reliably, more repeatedly, and on demand any time those demands are communicated clearly and with precision. I see us increasing our ability to manage the variability of our materials, decreasing the variability in construction processes and testing, and increasing our tolerance for variable weather. I see us reliably, confidently, and profitably serving discriminating owners, while providing a fully satisfactory product to those whose needs are less demanding. As the boy in The Sixth Sense would say, I see smaller standard deviations. But as deeply honored as I have been to serve as your President, your individual and collective visions of the future are far more important than mine. The industry and the Institute will go where you take us. That is why Im so excited when I visit chapters that are talking about new developments, and when I stop by committees that always carve out time in their document development agendas to present and discuss new ideas. Im convinced that the Next Big Thing to influence the concrete industry for the better is already out there in the minds and imaginations of many of you! Thank you for the honor of serving as your President. Kenneth C. Hover
Concrete international march 2012
Presidents Address by S.C. Hollister*

It is fitting that a periodic account of stocks be taken concerning the state of the Institute. I choose to view the state of the Institute this evening at this 29th anniversary of its founding not in the traditional light of receipts and disbursements, assets, liabilities, and surplus if any; but rather in the broader view of the Institutes work in hollister relation to the field which it serves. From a strictly business point of view, it is pleasing to report to you that the Institute is in good health due in part to the far-seeing policies of your former officers to provide for an eventual rainy day and in part to the successful efforts of the present officers in conserving that cushion of protection against insolvency and obliteration in these trying times. The Institute has ridden the storm and has proven herself a sturdy ship. To the whole crew, to each of the membership, goes a measure of credit for his loyalty in this achievement. But perhaps to no single individual goes as much credit for this achievement as should rightfully go to your Secretary-Treasurer, Harvey Whipple, and to him I pay sincere and humble tribute. And so the Institute can and will go on to the service that lies ahead. But my special theme this evening lies in the answer to a challenging comment passed to me not long ago. Have we not at hand essential rules for the proportioning of concrete to obtain strength, durability, water-tightness? Have we not elaborate equipment, many specifications, and codes by which to construct concrete work? What need for additional data and what data to add? In short, has not the field been served and has not the Institute shot its bolt? One may grow so accustomed to the surrounding conditions that they are accepted as a sort of status not subject to review. An automobile is ordinary when it is a daily necessity; but todays automobile would have been an unquestioned marvel twenty or even ten years ago. The achievement of today was the goal of yesterday. It cannot be the goal for tomorrow. Great as have been the achievements in the field of concrete today, they are only the dreams of yesterday come true. If the function of the Institute has been fulfilled, it is because the realization of dreams is accomplished and because the realm of dreams has been wrung dry. If there is a field for the Institute, it is because there still exist dreams of accomplishmentdevelopments not yet realized.
*
Is the realm of dreams for the Institute really barren? In answer, who is there who would say that in any single major phase of the field we have reached what ten or twenty years hence, we will expect to see as established practice? But let us be more specific. Judging by the development of the last twenty years, what do we think the cement of twenty years hence will be like? What will be the currently available concrete strength and what the construction methods? In this frame of mind, I have dared to review even the most complacently accepted practices of today and to ask: What reasonably possible developments may be made in the next twenty or ten years? There are many indications as disclosed by reports to this Institute that a number of interesting developments are possible in the basic product, cement. This is quite aside from the question whether one cement or several cements will be available. Surely a majority of concrete structures may be built of a standard cement in any case. But will it approach in character the present standard portland, or high early strength, or low heat, or still something else? Admittedly this is not so much a question to be solved by the Institute as it is a basis to which concrete work is to be adjusted. And what of concrete mixtures? Abrams has made mortar cylinders with the strength of steel. Moreover, they behaved in accordance with the water-cement ratio law. To obtain this phenomenal result, he had to use pressure to cause the minute amount of water to be dispersed throughout the cement. What a challenge this has offered! If this dispersion could be accomplished in other ways, or if only a part of this added strength is made available by easily applied methods, a new era in concrete is born. Imagine, for example, the concrete with an available strength of 10,000 psi. Smaller columns, thinner and lighter beams and slabs would at once result. Precast units, easy to handle, would be available. The present limiting heights of buildings, of spans of bridges, would be at least double. A new basis of design, new codes, and specifications would be required. Perhaps it may seem to some that these are idle dreams, but let us see whether there is any tangible basis for thinking there is a possibility of moving on from our presently current strength to those of Abrams cylinders of the strength of steel. Present methods in use by Earley in the construction of the Bahai Temple permit them to place their units weighing 3 tons or more and to lift them out and turn
Presented by the retiring President, Prof. S.C. Hollister, at the Institutes 30th Annual Dinner, Toronto, February 21, 1934.
them over in 18 hours after filling the mold. And this with portland cement, not with excessively rich mixtures but with much of the excess water removed after placing but before the setting of the cement. It is interesting to speculate on the effect upon concrete design and construction methods such a development would produce in the ordinary concrete field. Talbot and Richart have contributed valuable information on the physics of wet mortar. This field of enquiry is a fertile one and will likely yield further developments. Who may say, for example, whether it is possible to achieve mobility or workability with an agent other than water thus using only enough water for the hydration of the cement. In the realm of mass concrete, we have a great deal to learn. Not only must there be much improvement in the understanding of the mechanics of large concrete units, but we must know more of the thermal and shrinkage stresses, and their relation to the chemical and physical changes transpiring. And to cap these effects, we must determine more accurately the aggravating or mollifying effect of plastic flow. We have by no means exhausted the possibilities in the development of mixing and placing equipment. Even now harsher, stronger mixtures are producible and placeable where in late years they would not have been considered feasible. Extracting the water from the wet mass has been known to be beneficialin fact, Earley has used this principle for many years; but we have not as yet brought about the practice in general construction. As new methods of experimentation become available, much remains to be developed in the mechanics of reinforced concrete members. A review of the beam theory, especially at a cracked section, and after considerable plastic flow, will yield many useful data. A study of bond strength and of anchorages will lead to a better design procedure. The work of Davis, McMillan, and others on plastic flow will give new color to the mechanics of reinforced concrete design. The manner in which shrinkage stresses relate to our accepted design procedure has not been fully determined. A great deal of work is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of many forms of commonly used members. This is especially true of the interaction of members of an assembly. For example, in arch bridge design there are at present proponents of both the articulated deck and the monolithic deck. Abroad there are many developments in bridge design and construction that
The achievement of today was the goal of yesterday. It cannot be the goal for tomorrow. Great as have been the achievements in the field of concrete today, they are only the dreams of yesterday come true.
have not as yet been used here, notably the thin flexible arch with rigid deck frame and arches with hinges. Many developments in structural form are to be seen in Europe. These may in many cases prove of use on this side of the Atlantic. To the ingenuity of the adaptation of structural form in concrete there is no end. Valuable investigations by McMillan, Young, Viens, Lindau, and others, upon the factors influencing durability of concrete structures have from time to time been reported to the Institute. This work will, of necessity, go on for many years to come before we may be fully satisfied that the subject has been adequately covered. In review then, we see the many varied and intriguing avenues of development that present themselves both for the immediate and the long-time programs of action. We have not touched yet upon the products field. Little mention has been made, except by implication of questions relating to aggregates to curing methods and the interesting likelihood is that no sooner will we have caught up with one branch of our varied subject than the basic substance, concrete, or its parent, cement, will have moved to new levels. Surely then, the work of this Institute is not at all done. Each year sees new accomplishments and with them, new objectives appear. Thus, the Institute is but the embodiment of a moving force of progress. It cannot be static. It can never overtake its goal.
Originally published in the ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 30, No. 3, Mar. 1934, pp. 247-250.
2012 aCi Educational Seminars

seminars at-a-glance
For more information on ACI seminars, visit www.concreteseminars.com
aCi/PCa 318-11 Building Code

One-day seminar for structural engineers, specifiers, building officials, contractors, architects, and inspectors interested in keeping up with the latest information in concrete design and construction. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) has just published the latest edition of ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. This seminar, which is cosponsored by ACI and the Portland Cement Association (PCA), will cover all the major changes in this new edition of the Code. A major portion of the revisions are related to the addition of adhesive anchors in ACI 318 for the first time. In addition to the new anchor design requirements, the seminar will cover adhesive anchor evaluation requirements and new provisions requiring certification of the anchor installer under certain circumstances. Changes to reinforcing steel detailing requirements, allowable grades, and coating types will also be covered.
Important topics, such as detailing for structural integrity and designing using the latest in strut-and-tie modeling, will be presented and discussed.
publications include: ACI 301, ACI 302.1R, ACI 303R, ACI 303.1, ACI 308R, ACI 309.2R, and seminar lecture notes.
Concrete repair Basics

One-day seminar for engineers, repair contractors, material suppliers, maintenance personnel, and public works engineers. Attendees will learn the best methods and materials for economical and effective concrete repairs. The seminar will cover causes and evaluation of problems in deteriorating concrete, repair techniques, repair materials, cracks and joints, protection systems, overlays, and specifications for structures. Complimentary publications include ACI 201.1R, ACI 224.1R, ACI 364.1R, ACI 437R, ACI 546R, and seminar lecture notes.
Concrete Slabs-on-ground
One-day seminar for designers, specifiers, architects, engineers, contractors, building owners, and government agencies. Participants will learn about setting expectations for serviceability; sustainability; engineering considerations, loads, soil support systems, and low-shrinkage concrete mixtures with good finishability; minimizing problems with curling, shrinkage, joints, and surface tolerances; placing and finishing equipment; thickness design; designing for shrinkage, joints, details, and reinforcing; curing; surface treatments including polishing; requirements for plans and specifications; preconstruction meetings; and problem recognition and remediation. Complimentary publications include: ACI 302.1R-04, ACI 302.2R-06, ACI 360R-10, industry-related articles, and seminar lecture notes.
troubleshooting Concrete Construction

One-day seminar for contractors, design engineers, specifiers, government agencies, and material suppliers. This seminar will provide attendees with solutions to problems with concrete. The seminar will cover placing reinforcement, preventing most cracks, making functional construction joints, vibrating concrete properly, detecting delaminations, and identifying causes of deteriorating concrete. Complimentary
Continuing EduCation CrEdit
Seminar attendees will receive 0.75 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) worth 7.5 Professional Development Hours (PDHs) for each day of the seminar. Professional engineers can convert CEUs to PDHs to fulfill their continuing education requirements. ACI is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects and several state licensing boards.
seminar dates and locations

Please check seminar location and date troubleshooting Concrete Construction
TXS WAS TNS MAS INS GAS MDS ORS Dallas, TXMarch 22, 2012 Seattle, WAApril 11, 2012 Nashville, TNApril 18, 2012 Boston, MAMay 2, 2012 Indianapolis, INMay 16, 2012 Atlanta, GAMay 23, 2012 Baltimore, MDJune 6, 2012 Portland, ORJune 13, 2012 (SLA2) Chicago, ILApril 17, 2012 San Francisco, CAApril 24, 2012 Denver, COMay 8, 2012 Charlotte, NCMay 15, 2012 Milwaukee, WIJune 5, 2012 (TRO2)
For additional dates and locations or more information on ACI seminars, visit www.concreteseminars.com Dates are subject to change.
Concrete repair Basics

(REP2) NJS New Brunswick, NJApril 5, 2012 PAS Philadelphia, PAJune 14, 2012 (3182)
aCi/PCa 318-11 Building Code

NES PAS LAS OHS FLS UTS KSS CAS TXS NYS Omaha, NEApril 4, 2012 Pittsburgh, PAApril 10, 2012 New Orleans, LAApril 12, 2012 Cleveland, OHApril 25, 2012 Ft. Myers, FLMay 1, 2012 Salt Lake City, UTMay 9, 2012 Kansas City, KSMay 23, 2012 San Diego, CAMay 31, 2012 San Antonio, TXJune 12, 2012 Albany, NYJune 14, 2012
Concrete Slabs-on-ground
ILS CAS COS NCS WIS
refund policy
Substitutions are accepted at any time. If your substitute qualifies at a different registration fee, a credit or surcharge may apply. If you cannot attend the seminar, please notify the ACI Seminar Registrar at 248-848-3815 immediately. If you notify us 7 or more working days before the seminar, we will refund your registration fee. If you notify us that you cannot attend within 3 to 6 working days before the seminar, we will issue you an ACI credit for the full amount of your registration fee that you may redeem for any future ACI seminar, product, or service. If you notify us that you cannot attend less than 3 working days before the seminar date, we will issue you an ACI credit minus a $75 administrative fee. Confirmed participants who do not attend are liable for the entire fee unless we are notified in advance of the seminar date that you cannot attend. If ACI cancels a seminar due to insufficient enrollment, your registration fee will be refunded. ACI is not responsible for any incidental or consequential damages such as nonrefundable airfare.
fees and sign-up
One-day seminar $597 $457 $125
Nonmember Registration Fee ACI National Member Registration Fee Full-Time Student
Registrations from nonmembers (except government agencies within the U.S.) must be accompanied by full payment or charged to VISA, MasterCard, or American Express. To qualify for the discounted ACI National Members Seminar Fee, please provide your ACI Member number next to your name. Discounted student seminar fee is only for full-time students. Include current proof of enrollment with your registration. Name Title Company Address 2 Address 1 City, State, Zip ACI Member No.:
Registration Fee:
Phone payment I am paying by check (payable to ACI)
Fax
E-mail
register today web: www.concreteseminars.com mail: American Concrete Institute Member Services P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094 fax: 248-848-3801 (24 hours a day) phone: Member Services 248-848-3815 8 a.m.-5 p.m. ET I have a disability and may require accommodation in order to fully participate in the seminar.
Please charge to my ACI member account

Current ACI national members only. Registration from all others must be accompanied by full payment, charged to a credit card, or reserved by government or company purchase order (ACI federal ID# is 38-0296490). All payments must be in U.S. funds and issued from a U.S. bank.
Please charge to: (circle one)
VISA
MasterCard
American Express
Signature: _____________________________________________________________ Expiration Date: ________________________________________________________ Account Number: _______________________________________________________
On the
Move
Urban Engineers has promoted three employees to Vice President positions. Scott J. Diehl joined Urban in 2007 and brings more than 18 years of experience to the position, mainly in transportation engineering. In his new position, he will continue his past work as the firms Chief Traffic Engineer. He received his bachelors degree in civil engineering from the University of Delaware and his masters degree from the University of Virginia. James A. Bilella has been with Urban since 1994 and specializes in mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection services. He received his bachelors degree in electrical engineering from Drexel University. David A. Steele continues as the firms Director of Structural Engineering and has worked on expanding Urbans structural-related services and capabilities since joining in 2006. His specialties include new and existing construction, value engineering, and historic and adaptive reuse. Steele has won awards for his projects. He received his bachelors degree in civil engineering from the University of Delaware. Andrew Redfern has been appointed to the position of Capital Equipment Manager at Atlas Copco Mining Technique. Redfern has served as Project Manager for Atlas Copcos Surface Drilling Equipment (SDE) division since 2007, and joined the company as Manager of their rental fleet in 2005. In his new position, he will be responsible for managing SDE rentals and for expanding other rental lines within the company. He received his bachelors degree in geology from the University of Newcastle, Australia. ARXX Building Products has added to its sales team. Michael Rosenblat is now Vice President Sales and Business Development for Canada, and has more than 15 years of experience in sales, marketing, and business development in the building industry. His experience includes 12 years with Voidform International Ltd. Ted Hartner is now Vice President Sales and Business Development for the U. S., and has experience and knowledge in construction and building materials for the commercial, residential, and military sectors. He joins ARXX from Worthington Construction Group, where he was Vice President of Business Development. Edward Fyfe, Founder of Fyfe Company, LLC and Fibrwrap Construction, received the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year 2011 San Diego Award in the Engineering category. The award recognizes entrepreneurs who demonstrate excellence and success in areas such as innovation, financial 12
march 2012 Concrete international redfern Naaman brea
performance, and personal commitment to their businesses and communities. Fyfe Group is a leader in the manufacturing and installation of advanced composites used for civil and structural applications, and has produced the Tyfo Fibrwrap Carbon Fiber System for over 23 years. Ed Fyfe was honored in recognition of his 40 years of success while continuing to develop new innovations and products. ACI Fellows Antoine E. Naaman and Sergio F. Brea were honored as PCIs Distinguished and Young Educators, respectively, for 2011. The Distinguished Educator award honors those who have made significant contributions to the precast/prestressed concrete industry over the course of their teaching careers. Naaman, Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, joined PCI as a student member in 1970. He taught at the University of Illinois-Chicago before joining the faculty at Michigan in 1983. At both universities, he developed and taught courses on prestressed concrete at undergraduate and graduate levels. His research has led to more than 300 technical publications, of which nearly 80 discuss prestressed concrete. He is an active member of PCIs Technical Activities Council, as well as other committees, and was given the award for his dedication to PCI and to quality teaching and research. The Young Educator award is given to those who have made significant contributions to the industry early in their academic careers. Brea, Associate Professor at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, received his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 2000. He actively participates in the annual PCI Big Beam Contest and teaches Basic Prestressed Courses at the Unistress Corp. plant in Pittsfield, MA. He was also involved in the development of PCIs Prestressed in a Box kit for educators and is a member of the PCI Student Education Committee. He has authored many papers presented at PCI conferences and other events throughout the U.S. and was unanimously chosen to receive this award.
Honors and Awards
News
International ACI Certification and Education
Luke M. Snell, Senior Construction Materials Engineer, Western Technologies, Phoenix, AZ, and John K. Conn, ACI Manager of Certification Operations and Chapters, recently traveled to Nanjing, China, to conduct the first ACI Field Testing Technician-Grade I certification program for the ACI local sponsoring group Jiangsu Research Institute of Building Science. This train-the-trainer exam session was sponsored by the ACI China Chapter and Jiangsu Bote New Materials Co., Ltd. All-day classroom/hands-on training was conducted October 30, 2011, followed by the written/performance exam the next day. All 21 participants passed and are now certified. Snell and Conn also traveled to Taipei, Taiwan, to help the Taiwan Concrete Institute, an ACI local sponsoring group, conduct their first ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician certification exam session. The classroom/hands-on training session was conducted on November 5, 2011, followed by the written/ performance exam on November 6. All 29 participants are now certified. Both sessions were conducted by ACI Certification under an international support program approved in 2008 to help new international groups get up and running. The participants will serve as volunteer Instructors, Examiners, and Supplemental Examiners for future exam sessions. Snell acted as the Instructor/Examiner and Conn was the Supplemental Examiner. Informal graduation ceremonies were held at both locations and the participants were honored to be the first in their countries to be certified by ACI. ACI Past President David Darwin, the Deane E. Ackers Distinguished Professor of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, presented a training course on the ACI Building Code (ACI 318M-11) on behalf of ACI and the Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology (IBST) in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, December 12-16, 2011. Although Vietnam normally requires that structures are designed per the Russian code, facilities may be designed in accordance with other building codes when international
At the conclusion of the first AcI Field Testing Technician-Grade I certification program conducted in Nanjing, china
A train-the-trainer classroom session in Taipei, Taiwan

13
News
Science and Management at Clemson University; Tom Tansey, Owner of Tansey and Associates; and Bill Wilson, President and CEO of The Judgment IndexTM. Visit www.nccer.org/womensleadership-academy for more information. NCCER is a not-for-profit education foundation created by the construction industry to develop standardized curriculum and to help address the skilled construction workforce shortage.
David Darwin (center) meets with the leaders of IbST in hanoi, Vietnam. cao Duy Tien, IbST General Director, and Nguyen Dai Minh, IbST Deputy General Director, are on his right. Tran ba Viet, IbST Deputy General Director, is at Darwins left
David Darwin (center) and Tran ba Viet, IbST Deputy General Director (right of Darwin), with some of the attendees at the conclusion of the presentations in ho chi Minh city, Vietnam
Top Decorative Concrete Projects Honored

Dallas, TX. If you are interested in the work of this committee, you are encouraged to attend.
organizations have facilities constructed there. The seminar was therefore needed to ensure that Vietnams civil engineers were familiar with ACI 318 requirements. The course was attended by about 280 engineers. Topics included an overview of the 318 Code; analysis and design for flexure, shear, torsion, and axial load; slender columns; walls; prestressed concrete design; strength evaluation of existing structures; and high-strength concrete. ACI and IBST have developed a close working relationship and expect to further strengthen the connection between the two organizations with an official memorandum of understanding.
NCCER Strengthens its Commitment to Women
Responsibility in Concrete Construction
ACIs Technical Activities Committee has approved a new technical committee, ACI Committee 132, Responsibility in Concrete Construction. The committees mission is to foster communication, develop knowledge, and make recommendations regarding the responsibilities of and the interactions among the principal parties involved with concrete design and construction. The new technical committee will meet from 2 to 5 p.m., March 18, 2012, at the ACI Spring Convention in
NCCERthe National Center for Construction Education and Research has added Malena Cunningham to its team of expert instructors this year at the NCCER 2012 Womens Leadership Academy, to be held at Clemson University, Clemson, SC, on March 24-27. Cunningham is a 23-year broadcasting veteran with time at CNN as well as local ABC and NBC affiliate stations across the country. She now owns her own consulting firm, where she assists women with image enhancement. Image enhancement is only one of many topics that will be presented at this years academy. Powerful language for women, gender-based power in business, time management, leadership styles and traits, conflict resolution, and negotiation tips will also be covered. This academy includes instruction from Denise Norberg-Johnson, Past President of the National Association of Women in Construction; Roger Liska, Associate Dean and Professor for the Department of Construction
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION magazine selected Earl Senchuks project for the Central Park of Stephenson, MI, as its seventh annual Decorative Concrete Project of the Year in 2011. The project was a concrete sculpture of a rose floating in a pond. Each of the 12 petals and three leaves were individually sculpted using a one-component, shrinkage-compensated, fast-setting, polymer-modified cementitious repair mortar. The pieces were then numbered and fitted into a specially designed denture-like holder. The unique piece measures 54 in. (1370 mm) across and features a high-intensity LED light ring, underwater lights, and a pump and fountain head. Senchuk was one of the presenters at the Artistry in Decorative Concrete demonstrations at this years World of Concrete. The 2011 Project of the Year winners include one overall Project of the Year, six honorable mentions, and one Readers Choice, which was YoungLifes Washington Family Ranch, Antelope, OR, an all-encompassing ranch featuring integral-colored stamped concrete (Saddleback Development Corp., Lake Forest, CA, Contractor). Detailed information about each project and photo slideshows are posted at www.concreteconstruction.net.
14
News
Bentley Systems Student Design Competition
For the 2012 Student Design Competition sponsored by Bentley Systems, Inc. and Bentleys Be Careers Network, student teams are invited to submit projects designed using Bentley software, along with a short essay describing their work. Bentley will award a $2000 scholarship to the winning individual or team in each of the categories at the college/university level, and a $1500 scholarship to the winning individual or team at the high school/technical school level. University, college, or community college students can submit projects in one of five categories: Architectural Design, Road or Bridge Design, Rendering/Animation Using MicroStation, Engineering, and Solving a Problem with GIS Technology. High school and technical school students can participate in the Design a Public Transport Center category. Submissions in each category must make clear the projects problem, intent, and solution, and support the design models with architectural or engineering drawings using any of the applications in Bentleys portfolio of software for sustaining infrastructure. The submissions deadline for the competition, which is sponsored by Bentleys Be Careers Network, is March 6, 2012. For more information, visit www.bentley.com/studentdesign. The 50% AEDG series provides a practical approach to designing schools and other major commercial building types that achieve 50% energy savings compared to the commercial building energy code used in many parts of the U.S. Visit www.energy codes.gov for additional details.
Advanced Energy Design Guides Now Available
The U.S. Department of Energy recently released the second and third installments in a series of four 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDG). The AEDG for 50% energy savings in K-12 schools and Medium to Big Box Retail Buildings are now available for download. The latest guides will help architects, engineers, and contractors design and build highly efficient buildings.
15
are the foundation of our success.

To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile section on a rotating basis. ACS Manufacturing Corporation Ash Grove Cement Company Ashford Formula Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. Barrier-1 Inc. BASF Corporation BCS Buzzi Unicem USA Cantera Concrete Company CECO Concrete Construction Changzhou Jianlian Reinforcing Bar Conjunction Co., Ltd. ChRySO, Inc. Commercial Contracting Corporation Concrete Engineering Specialists Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute CTLGroup Dayton Superior The Euclid Chemical Co. Fibercon International, Inc. Francis harvey & Sons Inc. Future Tech Consultants W.R. Grace & Co. headwaters Resources, Inc. holcim (US) Inc. Keystone Structural Concrete, LLC Kleinfelder Lafarge North America Lehigh Cement Co. Lithko Contracting, Inc. Meadow Burke W. R. Meadows, Inc. Metromont Corporation Mintz Levin Municipal Testing Operating Engineers Training Trust Oztec Industries, Inc. Penetron International Ltd. PGESCo Portland Cement Association Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Schmitt Technical Services, Inc. Sika Corp. S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc. STRUCTURAL Structural Services, Inc. Triad Engineering, Inc. TWC Concrete Services Urban Concrete Contractors Ltd. Wacker Neuson Westroc, Inc.
Buzzi Unicem USA is headquartered in Bethlehem, PA, and is the fourth largest cement company in the U.S. with approximately 1400 employees. The company produces portland cement, oil-well blended cements, and masonry cements. For pavement repairs requiring limited downtime, Buzzi Unicem USA offers specialty cements and grouts using Qwix ultra-rapid hardening cement. The companys eight cement plants, which produce almost 9 million tons of portland cement annually, are located in: Cape Girardeau, MO; Chattanooga, TN; Greencastle, IN; Maryneal, TX; Oglesby, IL; Pryor, OK; Selma, MO; and Stockertown, PA. The company operates 29 terminals across the U.S. to distribute its various cements to over 3800 concrete producers, highway and airport paving firms, concrete block companies, and concrete product firms in 29 states. In addition, Buzzi Unicem USA operates 12 concrete plants in Tennessee and Missouri. To learn more about Buzzi Unicem USA, please visit their Web site at www.buzziunicemusa.com or call 610-882-5000.
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our Web site at www.concrete.org/members/mem_sustaining.htm
Lafarge is the largest diversified supplier of construction materials in the United States and Canada. We produce and sell cement, ready mixed concrete, gypsum wallboard, aggregates, asphalt, and related products and services. Lafarge believes that sustainability can be a competitive advantage. This long-term perspective includes the need for economic, social, and environmental consideration in our daily business decisions. We believe this approach will help us achieve our objectives to be the preferred supplier, community partner, employer, and investment. Lafarge is exploring ways to contribute to sustainable building. Our memberships in the U.S. Green Building Council and Canada Green Building Council demonstrates the companys interest in partnering with leaders from across the industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work. Our products play a decisive role in sustainable architecture and construction. They are contributing a sustainable component to a growing number of LEED projects across North America. Lafarges employees are also entering the LEED Professional Accreditation Program, earning the designation of LEED Accredited Professional, to better serve the environmental needs of the design and building community. For more information on Lafarge in North America, visit www.lafarge-na.com.
Penetron International is the leading manufacturer of innovative crystalline waterproofing products with an established presence on every continent. Penetrons unique crystalline technology combats concretes inherent weaknesses, making it waterproof and resistant to aggressive climatic, chemical, and corrosive environments. Penetron has been building its reputation on the companys core technology of crystalline concrete waterproofing for more than 30 years. Penetron has remained at the forefront of product innovation by listening to customer feedback, monitoring industry trends, and staying abreast of market changes and demands. Among recent developments are portion-controlled Penetron Admix clear soluble bags and Penetron Admix Tracer. These products were developed to meet specific concerns of concrete producers and designers alike, such as quality control, product authenticity, time savings, and ease of use. While Penetron pushes the boundaries of product and technology innovations, its relationships with customers are rooted in the traditional values of trustworthiness, loyalty, and respect. Penetron International will continue to exemplify dependability and excellence in the field by offering the best combination of superior product performance and exceptional client support on every level. For more information about Penetron, visit www.penetron.com or call (631) 941-9700.
Westroc Inc. is a ready mixed concrete and aggregate producer based in Pleasant Grove, UT. Westroc is one of Utahs leading suppliers of high-performance, ready mixed concrete and quality aggregate products since 1987. Serving the Wasatch Front and Central Utah with superior customer service provided by dedicated employees and state of the art equipment, Westroc is recognized for its innovation and ability to meet its customers needs faster and with more flexibility than its competitors. With a large fleet of front discharge mixers, Westroc produces a wide variety of specially designed concrete mixtures for all types of concrete work. Our sustainable concrete portfolio includes our EnviroCrete family of environmentally friendly mixes as well as pervious concrete. Westrocs newest batch plant in American Fork, UT includes a liquid color system from Solomon Colors to fulfill your custom colored concrete needs. Custom crushing and classification of select aggregate products and custom delivery of aggregates are also available. Westroc continuously strives to reduce its impact on the environment, as evidenced by the construction of its maintenance shop facility built to LEED standards. All Westroc concrete batching facilities are certified in conformance with National Ready Mixed Concrete Association requirements and DOT standards. On-site concrete batching facilities are also available. For more information about Westroc, please visit www.westrocinc.com or call 801-785-5600.
BRIDGING
&
highlights of the acI Fall 2011 convention in cincinnati
any bridges span the Ohio River at Cincinnati, OH, and that infrastructure inspired the theme of Bridging Theory & Practice for the ACI fall convention held on October 18-20, 2011. The volunteers of the ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter worked hard to organize this event in the Queen City, which drew 1393 attendees, including 207 students. The convention program featured the Student Pervious Cylinder Competition, a symposium in honor of Andy Scanlon, and a Concrete Mixer at the Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal. Highlights of the ACI Fall 2011 Convention included: Dan Dorfmueller, Chair of the ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter Convention Committee, welcomed the convention attendees. He reminded the audience that Cincinnati was the home town of ACI President Kenneth C. Hover and his wife, Deb. On behalf of the chapter, Dorfmueller presented them with a welcome-back gift of a Taste of Cincinnati at a few popular local restaurants. ACI Vice President James K. Wight stepped to the podium to introduce the evenings award recipients, while ACI President Hover handed out ACI Foundation awards to Michael E. Kreger, Adam Neville, and Arezki Tagnit-Hamou. Michael E. Kreger received the ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council Arthur J. Boase Award for significant research achievements in earthquake-resistant concrete building systems and precast prestressed concrete bridge components, and for continued contributions to ACI technical committees. Kreger is a Professor in the School of Civil Engineering at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, where he joined the faculty in 2004 after serving on the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin for 20 years. He
Honors at the Opening Session
Dan Dorfmueller, chair of the AcI Greater Miami Valley chapter convention committee, welcomed the attendees
is an ACI Fellow and is active on several ACI committees. Kreger received his BS, MS, and PhD from the University of Illinois and is a licensed professional engineer in Texas. Adam Neville was awarded the ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council Robert E. Philleo Award for his life-long contributions through education, writings, and consulting to the advancement of concrete technology. Neville, a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, has worked in universities in New Zealand, Nigeria, England, and Canada and was President of the University of Dundee, Scotland. He retired in 1987 and has continued to be active as an expert witness and researcher. An ACI Honorary Member, Neville has been an ACI member for more than 50 years.
18
AcI President Kenneth c. hover (left) presented Michael E. Kreger with the AcI Foundation concrete research council Arthur J. boase Award
Arezki Tagnit-hamou (right) received the AcI Foundation Strategic Development council Jean-claude roumain Innovation in concrete Award
AcI honorary Member Adam Neville (right) was awarded the AcI Foundation concrete research council robert E. Philleo Award
AcI Past President Terry holland was selected as the AcI commemorative Lecturer in the Series honoring Katharine and bryant Mather
Arezki Tagnit-Hamou was awarded the ACI Foundation Strategic Development Council Jean-Claude Roumain Innovation in Concrete Award. He was recognized for research and development of more sustainable materials such as quaternary cement and alternative cementitious materials including glass frit, glass powder, and fly ash from biomass, together with recovery of industrial by-products to further concretes sustainable features. Tagnit-Hamou is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, where he has been since 1990. He is also Head of the Alternative Cementitious Materials Laboratory and the Director of both the Industrial Research Chair on the Valorization of Glass in Materials and Graduate Studies. Tagnit-Hamou is an ACI Fellow and is active on several ACI committees.
ACI Past President Terry Holland is the first awardee in the ACI Commemorative Lecture Series honoring Katharine and Bryant Mather. Hollands talk was titled Is it Really that Difficult to Get New Technology into the Concrete Industry? He began by summarizing the contributions that Bryant and Katharine Mather made to the industry. His experience as a young engineer working with them in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, MS, made a lasting impression and greatly influenced his career. Holland related some of his own experiences working with new technologies and emphasized that transferring technology from the lab to the field requires a focus on reliable and repeatable resultsin the exact manner that the Mathers approached their research.
19
Some recent recipients of AcI Student Fellowships were introduced at the Opening Session, from left: Kyrstyn haapala, Kyle Dunning, Daniel Abramson, colby hietbrink, Mark cukrov, and Samuel Keske
On behalf of the Institute, AcI President Kenneth c. hover (left) thanked Dan Dorfmueller (right) and all the volunteers of the AcI Greater Miami Valley chapter convention committee for their efforts in organizing the fall convention
Student Competition and Student Lunch
The ACI Student Pervious Concrete Cylinder Competition is also sponsored by the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems and the U.S. Green Building Council. Teams apply sustainability concepts and their knowledge of concrete mixture design to produce pervious concrete samples that balance permeability and splitting tensile strength. Teams strive to develop a mixture design that provides the highest load-to-cost ratio. A report that documents the teams cylinder production process and preliminary results is also scored. Thirty-three teams from 25 universities competed at the fall 2011 convention. The winning teams were announced at the Student Lunch. The first-, second-, and third-place teams in each category receive cash awards of $300, $200, and $100, respectively. The top finishers in the Cylinder Performance Category were: First Place, University of Florida Team 2: Ashlie Kerr and Ryan Catarelli; Christopher Ferraro, Advisor; Second Place, Missouri University of Science and Technology Team 1: Patrick Graves, Ethan Shackelford, Mike Wells, Dillon Corr, and Greg Hickey; Lesley Sneed, Advisor; Third Place, Metropolitan UniversityCampus Azcapotzalco, Mexico City: Alfredo Landaverde Garcia, Ivan Pascual Devesa, and Leonardo Sanchez Deheza; Francisco Gonzalez Diaz, Advisor. In the Load-to-Cost Ratio Category, the finalists included: First Place, University of Minnesota-Duluth Team 2: Andrew Venaas, Kyle Berg, Philip Koktan, and Benjamin Thiesse; Eshan Dave, Advisor; Second Place, Texas State University: Chase David, Daniel Calhoun, and Seth Eggert; Christian Gaedicke, Advisor; and Third Place, North Carolina State Team Red: Heath Kent, Brian Beaver, Michael Lopez, Travis Wetteroff, and Baxter Mclean; Roberto Nunez, Advisor.
ACI President Kenneth C. Hover, the featured speaker at the Student Lunch, congratulated the winners and thanked all the students for their participation. Hovers talk was titled Things I Learned While Enjoying a Career in Concrete Design, Construction, and Education. Engineering practice, he said, is about dealing in ideas all the time, but the key to success is following through. Hover challenged the students to lift your ideas to the next level and reminded that ideas require thinking; great ideas not acted on become could haves. In conclusion, he urged the students to live life ethically. At the Student Lunch, the ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter also recognized the winners of the chapters 2011 Boyd C. Ringo Scholarships: Jeff Blakeley, Cincinnati State, $2000; Hannah Marlow, Northern Kentucky University, $1500; and Brian Lane, Cincinnati State, $1000.
Special Events
ACI Concrete Sustainability Forum IV This forum, held on October 15, 2011, before the start of the convention, is sponsored by ISO TC 71/SC 8, Environmental Management for Concrete and Concrete Structures, and ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of Concrete. Koji Sakai, Professor, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan, and Julie Buffenbarger, Engineering & Architectural Specialist, Lafarge, Medina, OH, were the forum moderators. Topics and presenters included: ISO/TC 71/SC 8 Standard Development, Takafumi Noguchi, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ISO/TC 59/SC 17 Standard Development, Antonio Burgueo, FCC Construction, Madrid, Spain; ACI 130: An Update on the Activities of the Sustainability of Concrete Committee, Andrea Schokker, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN; Incorporating LCA into Codes and Standards, Emily Lorenz, CTLGroup, Skokie, IL;
20
ACI Fall 2011 Convention Exhibitors
Airplaco Equipment; American Engineering Testing, Inc.; Baker Concrete Construction, Inc.; BASF Construction Chemicals, LLC; Burgess Pigment Company; Cemex; Contractors Materials Company; CTL Engineering, Inc.; The Euclid Chemical Co.; FORNEY LP; GAMCO Concrete Forms; Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.; GerdauKnoxville ZBAR; Germann Instruments, Inc.; Get the Point; Goettle, Inc.; Grace Construction Products; Insulation Solutions, Inc.; ITW Redhead; Meva; PERI Formwork Systems, Inc.; Proceq USA, Inc.; Resource International, Inc.; RMD Kwikform; Roadware, Inc.; SAS Stressteel, Inc.; Sensors & Software Inc., Silica Fume Association, SIMCO Technologies, Inc.; Superior Gunite; STRUCTURAL Group; Tekla; Terracon Consultants, Inc.; Tourney Consulting Group, LLC; Vector Corrosion Technologies; and Victory Bear Construction Products/Fukuvi.
A concrete mixer truck greeted attendees outside cincinnatis Duke Energy center, site of the AcI Fall 2011 convention
ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter Convention Committee
Chair: Dan Dorfmueller, d.p. dorfmueller co. inc. Contractors Day: Mike Breetz, HGC Construction Exhibits: Tom Dorsey, CMA Supply Fundraising: Mike Schneider, Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. Guest Program: Bud Ruffing, Hilltop Basic Resources; Debbie Dorfmueller, and Carol Horst Secretary: Tom Kolber, Woolpert Social Events: Mike Hornback, Lehigh Cement Co. Student Program: Jim Down, Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. Technical Sessions: Gregory Wagner, THP Limited Inc. Treasurer: Bud Ruffing, Hilltop Basic Resources
Institute for Sustainable Infrastructures Envision Infrastructure Sustainability Rating Tool, Terry Neimeyer, KCI Technologies, Inc., Sparks, MD; Low-Carbon High-Flowable Concrete: Clean Crete, Nobufumi Takeda, Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; An Aggressive Balance between Structure, Economics, and Sustainability, Phillip Williams, Webcor, San Francisco, CA; and Essence of SustainabilityLessons from Japan Disaster, Koji Sakai, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan. More information on the ACI Concrete Sustainability Forum IV can be found starting on p. 41.
International Lunch and JCIs anniversary commemoration The impact of engineering lessons learned in the aftermath of major earthquakes in Japan was the subject of the talk at the International Lunch by Kazuhiko Kawashima, Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Kawashima reviewed the development of Japans own seismic code, which evolved in response to the major earthquakes that have affected the region, particularly the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Kawashima discussed the damage from the Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake that struck on March 11, 2011. The extensive improvement of seismic design in the post-1990 codes enhanced the performance of engineered structures during the earthquake, but the resulting tsunami inundation of 40 m (130 ft) was responsible for the great loss of life and property. Since its incorporation in 1961, the Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) has been involved with the continual improvement of the seismic design codes in Japan. JCIs 50th anniversary was commemorated at the Opening Session, where JCI members were asked to stand for a moment of recognition, and during a dinner attended by ACI and JCI officers and Past Presidents. Congratulations were offered by ACI President Kenneth C. Hover and ACI Vice President James K. Wight. Speeches and toasts commemorating the long-standing partnership between ACI and JCI were given by JCI President Yoshihiro Masuda, JCI Past President Shigeyoshi Nagataki, JCI member Toru Kawai, and JCI Past President Fuminori Tomosawa. Contractors Day Dan Baker, ACI Past President, moderated the Contractors Day Session on Challenges and Other Endurances for the Concrete Contractor. Topics and presenters included: Concrete and the Concrete Crew Weather Considerations, Kenneth C. Hover, Cornell University;
21
Convention Sponsors
The following organizations are acknowledged for their support of the ACI Fall 2011 Convention: The Golden Gate Bridge ($20,000+): ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter and Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. The Brooklyn Bridge ($10,000+): Anderson Concrete and Cemex. The George Washington Bridge ($5,000+): American Engineering and Testing; BASF Construction Chemicals; Concrete Engineering Specialists; The Euclid Chemical Co.; Meva Formwork Systems; RMD Kwikform; and Ruttura & Sons Construction Co., Inc. The Sunshine Skyway Bridge ($2,500+): Dugan & Meyers; Gateway Concrete Forming Services, Inc.; Hilltop Companies; Janell, Inc.; Lend Lease; MillerValentine Group; Prus Construction; Spurlino Materials; and THP Limited, Inc. The New River Gorge Bridge ($1,000+): ACI Carolinas Chapter; ACI Greater Michigan Chapter; ACI Missouri Chapter; ACI Northeast Texas Chapter; ACI Northern California and Western Nevada Chapter; ACI Quebec and Eastern Ontario Chapter; ACI Rocky Mountain Chapter; ACI San Antonio Chapter; ACI Wisconsin Chapter; Advance Ready Mix Concrete, Inc.; Amerisafe; Ceco; Central Ready Mix; Contractors Materials Co.; Ernst Concrete; Fly Ash Direct; Goettle, Inc.; Grace Construction Products; HGC Construction; Hilti Corporation; Holcim (US) Inc.; J&B Steel; Lafarge; Lehigh Heidelberg Cement Group; Messer Construction; Steven Schaefer Associates, Inc.; Turner Construction
Company; Tru Wall Concrete, Inc.; Urban Concrete Contractors Ltd.; and Woolpert. The Roebling Bridge ($500+): ACI Alberta Chapter; ACI Arizona Chapter; ACI Arkansas Chapter; ACI British Columbia; ACI Central Florida Chapter; ACI Central Ohio Chapter; ACI Central Texas Chapter; ACI Dakota Chapter; ACI Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware Chapter; ACI Florida Suncoast Chapter; ACI Georgia Chapter; ACI Houston Chapter; ACI Illinois Chapter; ACI Indiana Chapter; ACI Intermountain Chapter; ACI Kansas Chapter; ACI Kentucky Chapter; ACI Las Vegas Chapter; ACI Louisiana Chapter; ACI Maryland Chapter; ACI Mid-South Chapter; ACI Minnesota Chapter; ACI National Capital Chapter; ACI New Jersey Chapter; ACI New Mexico Chapter; ACI Northeast Ohio Chapter; ACI Ontario Chapter; ACI Pittsburgh Area Chapter; ACI R.C. Reese/Northwest Ohio Chapter; ACI San Diego International Chapter; ACI Southern California Chapter; ACI Southern Florida Chapter; ACI West Michigan Chapter; Baker Equipment and Materials; Buckeye Ready-Mix; Concrete Industry Board, an ACI New York Chapter; CRT Concrete Consulting, Inc.; d.p. dorfmueller co. inc.; Essroc Italcementi Group; Forta; Gamco, Inc.; Gerdau Knoxville ZBAR; Hixson, Inc.; H&M Precision Concrete, LLC; ICC Evaluation Service; Irving Materials, Inc.; Jostin Construction; Kentucky Ready Mixed Concrete Association; Megen Encore Construction; Ohio Ready Mixed Concrete Association; South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Foundation; Stego Industries, LLC; and Ulmer Berne, LLP.
Concrete and the Concrete Crack, Kim Basham, KB Engineering LLC; Freeze ThawA Closer Look, James Fletcher, BowserMorner, Inc.; Beam Strength TestingReduce the Trauma!, Ross Martin, Ross Martin Consultants; Really Big Pours, Ronald Kozikowski, Concrete Engineering Specialists; and Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Jorge Costa, Structural Technologies. Attendees at the Contractors Day lunch heard a riveting talk given by David F. Cooper, U.S. Army Special Operations, Fort Bragg, NC. Mark Cooper, a member of the ACI Greater Miami Chapter, introduced his brother and hero for a presentation titled Quitting is Never an Option. Chief Warrant Officer 5 Cooper told a gripping story of a mission in Iraq involving the rescue of a downed helicopter crew in the face of heavy insurgent fire. A Forward Area Rearm/Refuel Point (FARP) team and two F-16s arrived to help stem the attack. They were successful, but U.S. Air
Force Major Troy Gilbert was killed. The Army Aviation FARP teams are focused on customer servicethey are all about customer support, Cooper said. He left the audience with this question: Are you giving your best customer service to allyour colleagues, your industry, and yourself? The ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter has made a donation to support military families. Concrete Mixer Hosted by the ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter, the Concrete Mixer was held at Union Terminal, which was originally built in 1933. Attendees enjoyed dinner and conversation in the buildings restored, art-deco-style great rotunda. Other opportunities for networking were available as many members walked through the three floors of history exhibits at the Cincinnati Museum Center. Scanlon Symposium Andy Scanlon, FACI, a Professor of civil engineering at Pennsylvania State University for the past 24 years, has
22
served the concrete industry in many ways, including his role as Chair of ACI Committee 435, Deflection of Concrete Building Structures, and his involvement in ACI Committees 224, Cracking; 348, Structural Reliability and Safety; and 437, Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Structures. In 2011, he received the Delmar L. Bloem Award for his outstanding leadership on ACI Committee 435. Session moderators for the Andy Scanlon Symposium on Serviceability and Safety of Concrete Structures: From Theory to Practice, Parts 1-4 included Peter Bischoff, Shawn Gross, Eric Musselman, and Hani Nassif. Presentations were contributed by Serdar Astarlioglu; F. Michael Bartlett; Peter Bischoff; Nakin Suksawang and Hani Nassif; Gene Corley and Jared Brewe; David Darwin and JoAnn Browning; Norbert Delatte; Admasu Desalegne and Adam Lubell; Jonathan Hirsch, Eamonn Connolly, Allan Bommer, and Flora Calabrese; Amin Ghali and Ramez Gayed; Ian Gilbert; Shawn Gross; Reza Kianoush and Reza Sadjadi; Jeffrey Laman, Woo Seok Kim, and Dan Linzell; Young Hak Lee and Min Sook Kim; Faris Malhas and Hani Nassif; Andrzej Nowak, Anna Rakoczy, and Ewa Szeliga; Edward Nawy; Carlos Ospina; Mahmoud Rada Taha, Jung Joong Kim, and Tai Fan; Andrea Schokker; Richard Scott and Andrew Beeby; Pericles Stivaros; and Robert Vollum. A reception in honor of Andy Scanlon was also held.
which students may present their original concrete artwork via sculpture, painting, drawing, photography, or scale model. The top 20 entries will be displayed during the convention, and attendees will have the opportunity to vote on their favorite piece.
An ACI Career Fair for Students & Young Professionals will be held March 19. A tour of the new Cowboys Stadium is scheduled for March 21. Go to www.aciconvention.org for the updated convention schedule.
Next: Art of Concrete in Dallas, TX
The ACI Spring 2012 Convention is taking place March 18-22, in Dallas, TX, at the Hyatt Regency Dallas. The convention will debut a new 2-hour session format that will increase the number of technical sessions and provide attendees with more flexibility in their convention schedules. Coinciding with the convention theme, the ACI Northeast Texas Chapter is introducing the Art of Concrete Student Competition, in
23
ACI Fall 2011 Convention Highlights

The AcI Student Pervious concrete cylinder competition
Strength testing of pervious samples
Testing permeability
Jim Down (center), baker concrete construction, handed out raffle prizes during the competition
Pervious concrete cylinders after testing
24
University of Florida students ryan catarelli (far left) and Ashlie Kerr won first place in the cylinder Performance category of the AcI Student Pervious concrete cylinder competition; Walter Flood, chair of AcI committee S801, Student Activities, presented the award
AcI President Kenneth c. hovers topic at the Student Lunch was Things I Learned While Enjoying a career in concrete Design, construction, and Education
The University of Minnesota-Duluth Team 2 finished first in the Load-to-cost ratio category
Diego Olguin (left), a student at the Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, won an iPod from bentley Systems, presented by rita Oglesby
From left, Dennis Knose, President of the AcI Greater Miami Valley chapter, presented the chapters 2011 boyd c. ringo Scholarships to brian Lane, hannah Marlow, and Jeff blakeley
25
International
At the International Partnerships and Publications committee meeting
Kazuhiko Kawashima discussed the damage caused by the Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake during his presentation at the International Lunch
At the International Lunch (from left), ronald burg, AcI Executive Vice President; James K. Wight, AcI Vice President; Kenneth c. hover, AcI President; Kazuhiko Kawashima, Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology; Anne Ellis, AcI Vice President; and h.S. Lew, National Institute of Standards and Technology
A toast of sake in honor of JcIs 50th anniversary Kenneth c. hover, AcI President, presented a commemorative gift to Yoshihiro Masuda, Japan concrete Institute (JcI) President, to honor the 50th anniversary of JcI
(right) Attendees at the event commemorating AcIs and JcIs long-time partnership of cooperation
26
Around the Convention
At the Women in AcI reception
From left, Josh and Mark cooper, with their uncle and brother David cooper, U.S. Army chief Warrant Officer 5, at the contractors Day Lunch
At the Presidents reception
At the reception in honor of Andy Scanlon
Volunteers from the AcI Greater Miami Valley chapter
Enjoying the presentations at the reception in honor of Andy Scanlon (photo courtesy of Serdar Astarlioglu, University
of Florida)
Members of the AcI Northeast Texas chapter, previewing the AcI Spring 2012 convention in Dallas, TX
27
Concrete Mixer at the Union Terminal and Cincinnati Museum Center
28
29
Discover the creative side of the world's oldest man-made building material in Dallas.
The following sponsors make it possible:
Texas Ranger
ACI Northeast Texas Chapter Baker Concrete
Deputy
ACI Carolinas Chapter ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter ACI Greater Michigan Chapter ACI South Texas Chapter Boral Material Technologies Cement Council of Texas Chryso CMJ Engineering, Inc. Sika Corporation
State Trooper (cont.)

ACI Pittsburgh Chapter ACI Rocky Mountain Chapter ACI Southern California Chapter On the Job Concrete Red Baron Supply Co. Structural Services TACA
Marshall
Argos BASF Euclid Chemical Fritz-Pak Lafarge North America Lehigh Hanson Aggregates & Lehigh Hanson Pipe & Precast TXI
Constable
ACI San Diego International Chapter Command Alkon D&S Engineering Labs PLLC Doug Deno Henley-Johnston & Associates, Inc. Robert Henry Karmy Construction Jay Shilstone Speed Fab-Crete Texas Best Concrete Victor Villarreal
State Trooper
ACI Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware Chapter ACI Florida Suncoast Chapter ACI Georgia Chapter ACI Illinois Chapter ACI Intermountain Chapter ACI Las Vegas Chapter ACI Louisiana Chapter ACI Maryland Chapter ACI New Mexico Chapter ACI Ontario Chapter
Sheriff
Capform, Inc. Terracon Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. WR grace
*Sponsors listed as of 1/31/12
www.aciconvention.org
See an updated list of Sponsors and Exhibitors at
ACI Spring 2012 Convention
Art of Concrete
March 18-22, 2012 Hyatt Regency Dallas, Dallas TX
See the latest technology, products, and services in the exhibit area!
*Exhibitors listed as of 1/31/12
Art and Science of building in concrete: The Work of Pier Luigi Nervi
International exhibition and acI Spring 2012 convention sessions are dedicated to this grand master of concrete structures
by Mario A. Chiorino
Palazzo del Lavoro in Turin, Italy (photos courtesy of Istituto Sperimentale Modelli e Strutture (ISMES) archives, MAXXI archives, M. Carrieri, and/or D. Chemise)
32
escribed by Nikolaus Pevsner as the most brilliant artist in reinforced concrete of our time, Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979) (Fig. 1) was one of the greatest and most inventive designers and builders of the 20th century. He shared the cultures of architects and engineers, operating at the very intersection between the art and the science of building. With his masterpieces scattered the world over, Nervi contributed to the creation of a glorious period for structural architecture. His personality comprised many facets, including designer, builder, researcher, and creator of new construction techniques. He was also a Professor and Lecturer at prestigious universities around the world and author of books debating the conceptual and technological fundaments of construction, with particular regard to concrete construction. He has been described as having an engineers audaciousness, an architects imagination, and a businessmans practical realism. His use of the most advanced technical solutions always went hand-in-hand not only with the pursuit of formal elegance but also with an equally strong attention to the technical and economic aspects of the building process. In 2009, on the 30th anniversary of Nervis death, a broad research and educational program was promoted with the intent of disseminating Nervis cultural legacy and exploring the complexity of his extraordinary stature as a structural artist. The program culminated in the international traveling exhibition, Pier Luigi Nervi Architecture as Challenge, highlighting some of his most celebrated works of genius. This article presents a brief synthesis of this comprehensive exploration of his lifes work. It also serves as a preview to presentations at the International Lunch and two technical sessions at the ACI Spring 2012 Convention in Dallas, TX.
A broad research-educational program on Nervis life and work started in 2009, and it culminated in the international traveling exhibition, Pier Luigi Nervi Architecture as Challenge. The work was promoted by the Pier Luigi Nervi Project Association (PLN),* the foundation devoted to the dessimination of Nervis cultural legacy. The program has the scientific support of the Politecnico di Torino, the University of Rome, and La Cambre-Horta School of Architecture of the University of Brussels. The exhibition was organized by PLN and the Centre International pour la Ville et lArchitecture (CIVA), Brussels, in cooperation with the Italian National Museum of the Arts of the 21st Century in Rome (MAXXI) and the Study Center and Communication Archive (CSAC) of the University of Parma, Italy, under the auspices of the President of the Italian Republic and of other prominent institutions, including the Vatican City, the European community, and the International Olympic Committee. ACI co-sponsored the exhibition in recognition of the ACI Honorary Membership awarded to Nervi in 1969 and in consideration of the significant number of his celebrated works in North America. Accompanied by a catalog assembling the results of the research program, the exhibition started its extremely successful tour in Brussels, Belgium, in 2010. The subsequent venues in Italy included the Venice Biennale, the MAXXI, and the Turin Exhibition Halla building designed by Nervi himself (as shown in Fig. 8). After visiting other venues in Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland, the exhibition is expected to visit venues in North America in 2013. On this occasion, the reprint by PLN of the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures given by Nervi at Harvard in 1961 will be available. On the eve of the North American tour, it is appropriate to dedicate presentations to Pier Luigi Nervi during sessions on Structural Concrete: An Art Form at the ACI Spring 2012 Convention in Dallas, TX, in March, particularly because the general convention theme is Art of Concrete. The author will deliver the keynote lecture, bearing the same title as this article, at the conventions International Lunch. In two technical sessions, additional speakers will review the work of other eminent pioneers and discuss recent trends in the merging of architecture and structural engineering.
www.pierluiginervi.org Pier Luigi Nervi: Architecture as Challenge, C. Olmo and C. Chiorino, eds., Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy, 2010, 240 pp. Nervi, P.L., Aesthetics and Technology in Buildings, The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1965, 210 pp.
*
The International Exhibition: Pier Luigi NerviArchitecture as Challenge
Fig. 1: AcI honorary Member Pier Luigi Nervi, 1891-1979
33
Early Influences
Pier Luigi Nervi graduated with a degree in civil engineering at the University of Bologna, Italy, in 1913, during a fertile period for scientific, technical, and architectural ideas. Thanks to the contribution of a few pioneers, builders, and designers such as Wayss, Hennebique, and Maillart, the new technology of reinforced concrete was fast developing in the early years of the 20th century. From the very beginning, the new field was associated with a conscious search for artistic results.1 It is against this background that Pier Luigi Nervis professional career began. After an initial period of training in the technical office of a construction company, Nervi set up his own design and construction business in 1920. Nervi was to maintain this dual role of designer and builder throughout his life. The stadium in Florence (1930, Fig. 2) was Nervis first great work that attracted the attention of critics and the publicboth in Italy and abroad. Besides the intrinsic
Early Works
beauty of the project, characterized by the elegance and strong visual impact of the curved tapered corbels of the cantilevered roof and the spatial sculptural forms of the helicoidally warped stairs, Nervis design was chosen because of the low construction cost. From 1935 through 1940, a series of great hangars was built for the Italian air force at Orvieto (Fig. 3) and Orbetello. Probably inspired by hangars and temporary exhibition halls constructed in steel and laminated wood (primarily in Germany), Nervi designed a daring, yet dramatically simple in structure, geodetic roof with intersecting arched ribs. The first group of hangars was built using traditional scaffolding and wooden forms for the concrete structure. Those that followed were built using ribs consisting of precast elements that were connected on-site. From that time on, the use of precast components would become a constant in Nervis work, as he sought to exploit and maximize the outstanding compositional and structural freedoms offered by this technology. The hangars were also the first structures for which, in addition to static calculations, Nervi relied on tests of
Fig. 2 (left and right): Nervis first great work: the stadium in Florence, 1930
Fig. 3: hangar at Orvieto, 1935
Fig. 4: celluloid model of hangar at Orbetello tested at the Model and construction Testing Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
34
Fig. 5 (left and right): central hall (hall b) of Turin Exhibition complex, Turin, Italy, 1948
reduced-scale models. The tests were performed by ACI Honorary Member Guido Oberti (1907-2004) at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy, in the Model and Construction Testing Laboratory created by Arturo Danusso (1880-1968), using celluloid elastic models on a 1:30 scale (Fig. 4). Nervi would maintain this procedure for most of his later works.2
Rome, Italy, and also for the hulls of small ships (Fig. 6), Nervi made extensive and innovative use of ferro cement in the majority of his most daring and fascinating projects. He is thus credited as the reinventor of this technique.
Ferrocement Reinvented
In his first important post-war workthe astonishing central hall of the Turin Exhibition Complex built in 1948 (Fig. 5)Nervi used ferrocement to make the precast elements for the halls magnificent, transparent, 94 m (308 ft) span barrel vault. This technology had been originally adopted by Jean Louis Lambot in 1846, at the very dawn of reinforced concrete, to produce a ferciment boat hull. The hull comprised a thin layer of concrete reinforced with a thick mesh of small-diameter wires, and it exhibited remarkable ductility and resistance to cracking.3 After using it for an experimental warehouse at the site of his construction company at La Magliana, near
Fig. 6: Nervi reintroduced the use of ferrocement: (left) experimental warehouse in ferrocement, La Magliana, rome, Italy, 1945; and (right) Pier Luigi Nervi in front of one of his ferrocement boats
35
Fig. 7: Sports Palace in rome, Italy, 1958-60, P.L. Nervi with Marcello Piacentini
Fig. 8: hall c of Turin Exhibition complex, Turin, Italy, 1950, while hosting the International Nervi Exhibtion, 2011
Fig. 9: The small Sports Palace in rome, Italy, 1957, P.L. Nervi with Antonio Vitellozzi. The elegant pattern of the concrete ribs seems to be inspired by the geometrical network of a sunflower core
Ferrocement can be used to mold elements of any geometric shape. The shapes can then be connected by cast-in-place concrete. The geometric shapes can be undulatingas in the case of the vault of the Turin Exhibition Complex and in the great ribbed spherical cap dome, with a diameter of almost 100 m (328 ft), of the large Sports Palace in Rome (1960, Fig. 7)or they can be simple tile shapes. For the 55 x 157 m (180 x 515 ft) dome of Hall C of the Turin Exhibition Complex, designed and built by Nervi in 1950, the precast ferrocement elements are in the form of 20 mm (0.8 in.) thick, diamond-shaped tiles that were assembled and then served as formwork for cast-in-place concrete on their upper surfaces and within the contact channels formed at the tile edges. The result is a particularly elegant mesh of reinforced intersecting ribs (Fig. 8). The same pattern characterizes the structural fabric of the vaults and domes of some of Nervis most famous later works: the Kursaal at Ostia (1950); the Ballroom at the Chianciano Spa (1952); the small Sports Palace in Rome (1957, with 36
Antonio Vitellozzi, Fig. 9); the Leverone Field House and Thompson Arena at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH (1962, with Campbell and Aldrich, and 1976); the Norfolk Scope Arena in Norfolk, VA (1965-71, with Williams and Tazewell & Associates)at the time, the largest dome in the world with a diameter of 135 m (443 ft); and St. Marys Cathedral in San Francisco, CA (1963-71, with Pietro Belluschi, Fig. 10). In this last work, the ferrocement tiles and the mesh of concrete ribs adapt to the elegant hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces of the dome. In the Gatti Wool Mill (Rome, Italy, 1951), the precast tiles are used to build a flat floor. The design of the rib pattern on the ceiling is derived from the lines of the principal bending moments, again resulting in a particularly refined formal effect that is found in a number of Nervis subsequent projects.
Later Works
Nervis first important work outside Italy was the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France (1953-58, in
Fig. 10 (left and right): St. Marys cathedral, San Francisco, cA, 1963-71, Pier Luigi Nervi with Pietro belluschi, Mc Sweeney, ryan & Leew and Leonard F. robinson (structural engineer)
cooperation with Marcel Breuer and Bernard Zehrfuss). The signature feature of this building is the fascinating folded structure of the exposed concrete of the walls and roof. A series of other prestigious commissions followed. Besides those mentioned previously, the list includes: George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal in New York, NY (1962); Montreals Victoria Square Tower, Canada (1961-66, with Luigi Moretti, Fig. 11)at the time, the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world at 145 m (475 ft); Australia Square and MLC Center Towers in Sydney (1964-72, with H. Seidler); the hyperbolic paraboloid umbrella roofs for Newark International Airport, NJ (1971); the B.I.T. headquarters building in Geneva, Switzerland (1972); and the Italian Embassy in Brasilia, Brazil (1979).
Fig. 11: Victoria Square Tower, Montreal, Qc, canada, 1961-66, Pier Luigi Nervi with Luigi Moretti
Fig. 12: Pirelli Tower, Milan, Italy, 1955-58, Pier Luigi Nervi with Arturo Danusso and Gio Ponti
37
Fig. 13 (left and right): Palazzo del Lavoro in Turin, Italy, 1959-61, Pier Luigi Nervi with Antonio Nervi and Gino covre
In Italy, the most celebrated works of his later period include: the 135 m (443 ft) tall Pirelli Tower in Milan (1955-59, with Arturo Danusso and Gio Ponti, Fig. 12); the facilities for the 1960 Rome Olympics, including, besides the two mentioned Sports Palaces, the Flaminio Stadium, and the Corso Francia Viaduct; the Palazzo del Lavoro in Turin (1959-61) (Fig. 13), with its geometrically fascinating columns featuring striped slanting surfaces covered by a steel umbrella-like structure (designed by Gino Covre); the Ponte Risorgimento in Verona (1963-68); and the Papal Audience Hall in the Vatican (1963-71, with Antonio Nervi, Fig. 14). The latter project recalls the themes of the Turin Exhibition Hall (from 20 years earlier) while enhancing them to create an imposing composition also characterized by the sculpturally highly effective shapes of the main supporting columns and of the ribbed ceilings of the proscenium.
Experimentation
Fig. 14 (upper and lower): Papal Audience hall, Vatican city, rome, Italy, 1963-71, Pier Luigi Nervi with Antonio Nervi
Experimentation, including scale models and full-scale prototypes and constructions, continued to play a major role in Nervis work. The scientific collaboration between Nervi and Oberti, initiated at the Laboratory of the Politecnico di Milano before the war, continued after 1950 within the new research laboratory of Istituto Sperimentale Modelli E Strutture (ISMES), founded by Danusso in Bergamo with the support of Italcementi, the leading Italian cement corporation. Nervi and Oberti considered experimentation to be the best strategy to overcome the practical impossibility, at that time, of basing safety checks of complex constructions on adequately accurate and computationally feasible theoretical models.4 This strategy was also followednot coincidentallyby other leading exponents of structural architecture in the 20th century, including Eduardo Torroja, Franz Dischinger, Antoine Tedesko, Felix Candela, Heinz Hossdorf, and Heinz Isler, to name a few. While the numerical modeling techniques that increasingly appeared in the late 1960s would have gradually
38
Fig. 16: St. Marys cathedral, San Francisco, cA: (above) elastic model (1:37) under dynamic test; and (below) microconcrete model (1:15) shown following the ultimate limit state tests
Fig. 15: Microconcrete large-scale model (1:15) used for tests to failure for the Pirelli Tower, Milan, Italy
opened new frontiers, its fair to say that experimentation using models became an extremely refined art form and an essential phase of the design path for Nervi and other eminent protagonists. Creating physical models was an art form that required, almost in the same way as in real construction, the designer to be able to combine technological expertise and imaginationperhaps justifying Obertis frequent citation of the adage attributed to Michelangelo by Vasari: The most blessed monies that are spent by those who would build are on models. One of the most complex models produced and tested within the ISMES facilities was of the reinforced concrete frame of the Pirelli Tower in Milan, Italy, (modeled in 1955-56). The nearly 10 m (33 ft) tall, 1:15-scale model (Fig. 15) was produced in microconcrete of pumice stone and portland cement and tested beyond service conditions up to failure, after a series of tests in the dynamic field to check the effects of wind. Other ISMES testing programs included models of the Victoria Tower in Montreal, QC, Canada, and St. Marys Cathedral in San Francisco, CA. In the latter case, a small-
scale (1:100) model was used for the wind tunnel tests, two medium-scale (1:40 and 1:37) resin models were used for static and dynamic tests in the elastic field (with special attention to seismic tests due to the buildings location),
39
and a large-scale (1:15) model constructed in microconcrete was used for tests to failure (Fig. 16). Its of interest to note that the elastic tests for St. Marys were accompanied by checks using numerical models based on early applications of elastic finite elements analysis, made by the U.S. engineering studio of Leonard Robinson, the firm responsible for the final design. Nervis concrete towers in Sydney were tested in Australian laboratories and were the only two structures for which model testing was performed outside of ISMES.
as Mario Salvadori, Structural Engineer and Professor at Columbia University. The true art of Nervi is the ability to close the gap between art and technology to create spaces that border on poetry without renouncing, in the conversion of the inspiration into a design and of the design into a construction, the modus operandi of engineers, but rather emphasizing engineering procedures with original and innovative contributions. References
1. Levi, F., and Chiorino, M.A., Concrete in ItalyA Review of a Century of Concrete Progress in Italy, Part 1: Technique and Architecture, Concrete International, V. 26, No. 9, Sept. 2004, pp. 55-61. 2. Chiorino, M.A., Experimentation in the Work of Pier Luigi Nervi, Pier Luigi Nervi: Architecture as Challenge, C. Olmo and C. Chiorino, eds., Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy, 2010, pp. 61-83. 3. Pemberton, J.M., Ferro CementAn Insight and Review So What is New? Ferrocement 6: Lambot Symposium, Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Ferrocement, A.E. Naaman, ed., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, June 1998, pp. 75-83. 4. Nervi, P.L., Le ricerche statiche sperimentali su modelli, Costruire Correttamente, Ulrico Hoepli, Milan, Italy, 1955, pp. 105-114. (in Italian) 5. Nervi, P.L., Scienza o Arte del costruire? Edizioni della Bussola, Rome, Italy, 1945, 162 pp. 6. Torroja Miret, E., Razn y Ser de los Tipos Estructurales, Instituto Tcnico de la Construccin y del Cemento, Madrid, Spain, 1957, 403 pp. (in Spanish) 7. Nervi, P.L., Aesthetics and Technology in Buildings, The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1965, 210 pp. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Philosophy of Structures
Nervis most famous book was published in 1945.5 Its titleScienza o Arte del costruire? (Is Building an Art or Science?)is also a fundamental question. With his profound knowledge of construction techniques, Nervis answer to the question emphasizes the priority of the intuitive moment on the conception of structural architecture, yet it does so without underestimating the importance of the mechanics of structural systems: The conception of a structural system is a creative action only partly based on scientific data; static sensitivity entering in this process, although deriving from equilibrium and strength considerations, remains, in the same way as aesthetic sensitivity, an essentially personal aptitude. His vision was shared by Torroja, the other great master of structural architecture of the 20th century, who declared in Razn y Ser de los Tipos Estructurales (Philosophy of Structures)6 that, the birth of a structural complex, the result of a creative process, the fusion of art and science, talent and research, imagination and sensibility, goes beyond the realm of pure logic to cross the arcane frontiers of inspiration. In this vision, Nervi essentially expresses his fear that forced requirements to use analytical models for reliability assessments of structures might limit a designers inventiveness. He believed that structural imagination frequently transcends the possibilities of analytically rigorous verification (which was then confined by the lack of modern computerized structural analysis tools). This struggle for a design freedom was also the principal justification for his keen interest for experimental research on mechanicalscale models. These concepts were at the base of Nervis extensive and interesting writings focusing especially on the language of architecture and the relationship between structure and form, and on the ethical value of building in a correct manner. These were also the typical themes of the university teaching he regularly carried out at Romes School of Architecture and of some of his important speeches and lectures at prestigious universities from Buenos Aires (1951) to Harvard (Norton Lectures, 1961-62).7 They also characterized his exchanges of ideas and professional collaboration with those who shared his culture and mindset, such
Mario A. Chiorino, FacI, is Emeritus Professor of Structural mechanics with the Department of Structural Engineering, School of architecture, Politecnico di Torino, Italy. he is a member of the academy of Sciences of Turin and several international organizations, including fib, IaBSE, and IaSS. he is a member of the acI International committee and acI committee 209, creep and Shrinkage in concrete. he has published many papers and books on structure and architecture, structural mechanics and its history, concrete viscoelasticity, and has been the designer of large reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, including buildings, bridges, tall chimneys, and nuclear plants.
40
concrete Sustainability Forum IV

Essence of concrete sustainability
by Koji Sakai and Julie K. Buffenbarger
he construction industry has a high degree of regionality structures are generally built by local people using indigenous materials. Presently, socioeconomic and life-cycle costing initiatives include, but are not limited to, employment of local labor providing economic stimulus to the region, reduction in transportation expenditures that prohibit procurement of materials from long distances, an increased resilient supply chain, and green purchasing policies. As a result, construction materials are purchased through local small and medium enterprises. Concrete consists primarily of aggregate, cement, and waterall regionally found materials. Aggregate comprises approximately 70% of the total volume of concrete and is mined from the Earths crust. Cement is manufactured from limestone, clay, and gypsum, which are also available in abundance. Water, including seawater, is the most common available global substance. These widely abundant raw materials have allowed concrete production to expand in response to growing construction demand, making concrete the second most-consumed substance on Earth after water. Contemporary society could not exist without concrete as a primary infrastructure material, and it has been shown that the industrialization of a nation is directly correlated to its consumption of concrete. However, there are two issues concerning concrete and its necessity for the development of socioeconomic infrastructure. First, an enormous volume of materials must be extracted to obtain its basic components; and second, the production of cement generates a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), a known greenhouse gas. However, there are few alternatives to concrete as a basic construction material. Growing population and socioeconomic expansion will thus force society into continual and growing use of concrete, even while significant increases in material consumption and CO2 emissions will hamper sustainable global development. The concept of sustainability surfaced at the end of the 20th century. ACI has focused its strategic plan on helping
and leading the concrete industry in a sustainable direction through the formation of ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of Concrete; ISO TC 71/SC 8, Environmental Management for Concrete and Concrete Structures; and the Concrete Sustainability Forum. The first Concrete Sustainability Forum was conducted in St. Louis, MO, in 2008 as a workshop.1 The Second Concrete Sustainability Forum was held in New Orleans, LA, in 2009.2 The Concrete Sustainability Forum III took place in Pittsburgh, PA, in 2010.3 Most recently, ACI held the Concrete Sustainability Forum IV in Cincinnati, OH, in 2011, in which eight topics were presented as follows:
ISO TC 71/SC 8 Standard Development
Takafumi Noguchi, Secretary of ISO TC 71/SC 8 (chaired by Koji Sakai) and Associate Professor of the University of Tokyo, explained the development of ISO Standard 13315: Environmental Management for Concrete and Concrete Structures. The first document in a series, ISO 13315-1: General Principles, will be published very soon. ISO TC 71/SC 8 is now developing the second document in the series, ISO 13315-2: System Boundary and Inventory Data. ISO 13315-2 will provide the fundamental rules for calculating the environmental impacts of a construction project, first by defining the system boundary and then quantitatively evaluating inventory data. The series will also include: ISO 13315-3: Constituents and Concrete Production; ISO 13315-4: Environmental Design of Concrete Structures; ISO 13315-5: Execution of Concrete Structures; ISO 13315-6: Use of Concrete Structures; ISO 13315-7: End of Life Phase Including Recycling of Concrete Structures; and ISO 13315-8: Labels and Declaration. In addition to ISO TC 71/SC 8, the technical committees developing ISO standards related to sustainability include
ISO TC 59/SC 17 Standard Development
41
ISO TC 207, Environmental Management, and ISO TC 59/ SC 17, Sustainability in Buildings and Civil Engineering Works. Koji Sakai, Professor, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan, outlined the activity of ISO TC 59/SC 17, Working Group 5 (WG 5), Civil Engineering Works, on behalf of Antonio Burgueo, the convener of WG 5. WG 5 is developing ISO 21929-2: Sustainability Indicators Part 2, Framework for the Development of Indicators for Civil Engineering Works. This standard will provide requirements and guidelines for the selection and development of sustainability indicators for civil engineering works. The indicators are quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive measures representative of one or more impact categories or classes of economic, environmental, or social issues of concern. There are many aspects to be considered for developing a system of indicators for environmental aspects, including use of energy resources, materials resources, water, and land. The definition of each item and rules for calculation or measurement are provided in the standard. As a next step, a standard on sustainability assessment of civil engineering works will be developed.
ACI Committee 130 Work
Andrea Schokker, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, outlined the activities of ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of Concrete. The committees mission is to develop and report information on the sustainability of concrete. Since its organization in 2008, the committee has had three Chairs: Richard Stehly, ACI Past President; Schokker, who assumed the position of Chair in 2009 through 2011; and Julie K. Buffenbarger, who is current Chair. With a current membership of 134, ACI Committee 130 is the largest of ACIs committees. At present, seven subcommittees are working toward producing relevant and timely educational products covering the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability: 130-A, Materials; 130-B, Production/Transportation/Construction; 130-C, Structures in Service; 130-D, Rating Systems/Sustainability Tools; 130-E, Design/Specifications/Codes/Regulations; 130-F, Social Issues; and 130-G, Education/Certification. Referencing documents developed by the U.S. Green Concrete Council, Sustainable Concrete GuideStrategies and Examples and Sustainable Concrete GuideApplications, as resources, the subcommittees are developing technical documents to be published in the near future.
ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1 on High-Performance Green Buildings, the International Green Construction Code (IGCC), and CALGreen. The goal for Standard 189.1 is to establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas, provide simple compliance options, and complement green building rating systems. Standard 189.1 requires minimizing the use of all materials through efficient design. It also requires the analyses of two building designs. Relative to the baseline building design, the alternate building design must minimally show a 5% improvement in at least two impact categories. In addition to requiring assessment of primary energy use, the IGCC will require assessment of the impacts of a building on global warming, ozone depletion, smog, acidification, and eutrophication. The assessment will be evaluated through analyses of baseline and alternative building designs. Relative to the baseline, the alternative design must show at least a 10% improvement in primary energy use and 5% improvement in at least three impact categories. CALGreen was adopted in 2011 and includes six impact categories: climate change, ozone depletion, smog, acidification, eutrophication, and fossil fuel depletion. As with IGCC, CALGreen requires the analysis of two building designs. It also requires that the alternative design must show at least 10% improvement in climate change potential and at least two other impact categories. It also has voluntary measures that can be adopted by a jurisdiction as mandatory. While most existing rating systems are applicable for buildings, a natural outgrowth of sustainable rating systems is the development of criteria for infrastructure. Terry F. Neimeyer, KCI Technologies Inc., Sparks, MD, a member of the board of the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI), introduced ISIs rating system for civil infrastructure, EnvisionTM. This rating system establishes a holistic framework for evaluating and rating infrastructure projects against the needs and values of the community. The rating system recognizes efforts that replenish and restore natural resources and ecosystems, and evaluates infrastructure throughout its full life, with ratings for design and planning, construction, operations, and decommissioning. The rating system will also serve as a guide for practitioners, owners, and stakeholders in the framing of infrastructure solutions. The framework of the rating system includes 10 primary criteria and 74 secondary criteria reflecting economic, social, and environmental attributes of projects. By meeting objectives within the criteria, projects earn points toward their rating score. The achievement of points within the criteria is scaled in five levels to ensure all efforts to achieve sustainability are rewarded proportionally. The primary criteria for the rating system will include project strategy and management, community (long- and short-term effects), land use and restoration, landscapes,
ISI Rating Tools
Incorporating LCA into Codes and Standards
A key issue within sustainable codes and standards is the incorporation and adoption of life-cycle assessments (LCA). Emily Lorenz, CTLGroup, Skokie, IL, outlined the
42
ecology and biodiversity, water resources and environment, energy and carbon, resource management (including waste), and transportation. Version 2 of the rating system was released in January 2012. Two companion tools are also scheduled for release this year, including a preplanning checklist for assessing project sustainability in increasing awareness of issues, and a comprehensive guidance document; and a score calculator that allows users to analyze and rate a projects level of achievement for sustainability objectives. Both tools are currently under development. To accelerate concrete sustainability, it is very important to develop sustainable concrete technologies. Nobufumi Takeda described a low-carbon concrete that was developed by Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. The developed concrete reduces CO2 emissions from 280 to 50 kg/m3 (470 to 84 lb/yd3) while meeting a required strength of 36 MPa (5000 psi). The mixture includes ordinary portland cement, slag cement, fly ash, and silica fume (15, 65, 17.5, and 2.5% of the cementitious material content, respectively), as well as chemical admixtures, gypsum, calcium hydroxide, and limestone powder. With a watercementitious material ratio of 0.40, the highly flowable mixture provides a concrete with low heat and high durability. It has been used to construct a wall and foundation and will soon be used in the structural members of a building.
floors, lighting controls, operable windows, and on-site renewable energy generation (wind and photovoltaic panels). Energy-saving features and on-site energy generation will allow the headquarters to be a net-zero energy building.
Essence of Sustainability Lessons from the Japan Disaster
Sakai discussed the essence of sustainability from the experience of the March 11, 2011, Japan Disaster. The Japan Disaster was a triple disaster,
Low-Carbon Concrete
Sustainable Building
Phillip Williams, Vice President of Webcor, San Mateo, CA, discussed the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters construction project. This is the first U.S. project requiring carbon accounting for construction materials and related activities. By using fly ash and slag cement in the mixture, the CO2 emissions associated with concrete production were reduced by 49%. The building design includes raised-access
CIRCLE READER CARD #0

43
including an earthquake (M9.0), tsunami, and radioactive pollution due to the hydrogen explosion at a nuclear power plant. As of November 2011, nearly 20,000 people were killed or are missing, 900,000 houses damaged, and 320,000 people evacuated. There were many lessons learned from the Japan Disaster. Without a robust infrastructure, including transportation systems and residential and commercial buildings, society has no opportunity to meet the environmental, economic, and social goals that must be achieved for sustainability. The environmental impacts of the disaster were enormous: radioactive contamination in some regions, huge amounts of construction waste generated, and massive resources expended in the reconstruction of the affected regions. Large-scale economic effects included collapse of economic activity in the affected regions with job and income loss, and massive investments will be necessary to remove contamination and rebuild infrastructure, residences, and commercial buildings. Social impacts are also tremendous. In addition to the catastrophic loss of life, many people lost their homes, and radioactive contamination is expected to force long-term evacuation of the local population. Destruction of social infrastructure and facilities has exerted a lethal negative impact on economic and social activity. In other words, robust buildings and infrastructures are the basis of sustainability. The balance among resources/ energy consumption (environmental aspects), economy, and safety/reliability (social aspects) are important for the sustainability of society. However, there is conflict between structural safety and environmental issues. It is not economically practical to design structures that completely elude destruction by future unforeseen, great external forces. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a level of performance that holds damage to the level of partial destruction without collapse of the entire structure, in the event of natural disasters of very low probability. In contemporary society, almost all individuals make use of infrastructure and a vast majority of the population
AcI President Kenneth c. hover welcomed the attendees to the concrete Sustainability Forum IV. Seated (from left): Forum co-moderators Koji Sakai and Julie buffenbarger, and Kevin Mlutkowski, AcI Director of Sustainability
spends long periods of time indoors. Therefore, creating a human-friendly and safe environment with low environmental burden is the responsibility of those working in the concrete and construction industry. References
1. Sakai, K., and Sordyl, D., ACI St. Louis Workshop on Sustainability, Concrete International, V. 31, No. 2, Feb. 2009, pp. 34-38. 2. Sakai, K.; Buffenbarger, J.K.; and Stehly, R.D., Concrete Sustainability Forum, Concrete International, V. 32, No. 3, Mar. 2010, pp. 56-59. 3. Sakai, K., and Buffenbarger, J.K., Concrete Sustainability Forum III, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 3, Mar. 2011, pp. 37-40. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Koji Sakai, FacI, is a Professor at Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan. he chairs ISO Tc 71/Sc 8, Environmental management for concrete and concrete Structures, and the Japan concrete Institute committee on Sustainability. he chaired fib commission 3, Environmental aspects of Design and construction, from 2002-2010. Sakai was a session co-moderator for the 2011 concrete Sustainability Forum IV. Julie K. Buffenbarger, FacI, is an Engineering and architectural Specialist with Lafarge cement. She is also chair of acI committee 130, Sustainability of concrete. Buffenbarger was a session co-moderator for the 2011 concrete Sustainability Forum IV.
44
The Textile block System

an overview of Frank Lloyd Wrights mono-material concepts for middleincome housing
by Edward Losch
lthough Frank Lloyd Wright is well known for his iconic works such as Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum and being a major proponent of Prairie School Architecture, his textile block system is perhaps less well known. This system arose from Wrights desire to wed machine-age production techniques with organic architecturethe principle that a structure should look as though it naturally grew on a siteso as to make his designs affordable to people of modest means. This article explores a few of his textile block homes designed in accordance with Wrights Usonian concepts for middle-income housing: many were small, single-story dwellings without a garage and were generally L-shaped to fit around a garden terrace. Usonian homes were also constructed with native materials and had flat roofs and large cantilevered overhangs, clerestory windows to provide daylighting, and radiant-floor heating. Most of the houses were built in the 1920s through the 1950s throughout the U.S., but the plans for one are being used to construct a modern building on the Florida Southern College campus, Lakeland, FL, a setting with a number of other Wright textile block structures.
Modularity, Simplicity, and Integrity
From early on in his career, Wright designed within a module. The base module varied according to the particular project, but once set, all dimensions were tied to it. Because a plan could be laid out quickly on grid paper without dimensions, the module was as much a design shortcut as an organic principle. The module helped facilitate other ideals, such as providing a unified appearance, simplicity, and affordability through prefabrication and ease of construction. The basic module dimension, whether 4 ft (1.22 m) for the Usonian
houses or 6 ft (1.82 m) for the Florida Southern College campus, was struck into the base concrete floor slab. These joints were left visible as a reminder of the organization of the building units into a unified whole. According to Wrights organic theory, all components of the building should appear unified, as though they belong together. Nothing should be attached to it without considering the effect on the whole. To unify the house to its site, Wright often used large expanses of glass to blur the boundary between the indoors and outdoors. According to Wright: My sense of wall was no longer the side of a box. It was enclosure of space affording protection against storm or heat only when needed. But it was also to bring the outside world into the house and let the inside of the house go outside. In this sense, I was working away at the wall as a wall and bringing it toward the function of a screen, a means of opening up space which, as control of building materials improved, would finally permit the free use of the whole space without affecting the soundness of the structure.1 Wrights mono-material textile block was intended to provide these qualities of simplicity and integrity. What is seen on the outside is true to what is inside. Integrity in a person can be described as who you are when no ones looking. So it is with a building. Is the structure supported in the manner that it appears to be supported? Are the walls really made of stone or is the stone just a veneer? An organic house does not pretend to be something it is not.
The Storer House (1923)
Wright first used his textile block system on the John Storer House in Hollywood, CA, in 1923, with his son, Lloyd Wright, supervising construction (Fig. 1). According to the original specifications, the blocks were to be made
45
Fig. 1: The first use of the textile block system by Frank Lloyd Wright (the Storer house, hollywood, cA)
from one part portland cement to four parts sand or decomposed granite. Consistency was to be such that the mixture would hold its shape when squeezed by hand, and it was to be used within a half hour. Blocks were to be formed on site by pressing the stiff mixture into machined metal molds. A freshly formed block was to be removed immediately from the mold and kept moist for at least 10 days.2 The module for the Storer House was 16 in. (406 mm) and the actual block dimensions were exactly 16 x 16 in. with no tolerance. There was no mortar joint between the blocksa formed reveal was used to give the appearance of a tooled jointso precision-machined molds were required. The wall system consisted of a double-wythe precast block wall with an air gap between the outer and inner wythes. The blocks were stacked and reinforced horizontally and vertically with a fabric or mesh of grouted reinforcing bars, 16 in. on center.
Unfortunately, the cost of completion was almost two and a half times Wrights original estimate. The cost overruns were probably due to excessive labor costs resulting from not having a concrete mixer on site,2 Wrights penchant to embellish his designs and refuse compromise, and delayed communications with the contractor when Wright returned to Wisconsin. Wrights original estimate stated that 9000 blocks would be required at a cost of 30 cents each, totaling $2700. The project actually required 11,000 blocks at 66 cents each, for a total cost of $7260.3 In spite of the cost overruns, the Freemans loved their house and remained the only owners and occupants until it was bequeathed by Harriet Freeman to the University of Southern California School of Architecture, Los Angeles, CA, in 1986.
The Ennis House (1923)
The Freeman House (1923)
Also in 1923, Wright was commissioned to design a home for Samuel and Harriet Freeman in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, CA (Fig. 2). This was to be a relatively small house for a client of modest means. Because his new textile block system used inexpensive materials and could (at least in theory) be assembled using unskilled labor, Wright undoubtedly felt that the Freeman project would be a good test case.
Later in 1923, Wright had the opportunity to further test the limits of the textile block system when he received a commission from Charles and Mabel Ennis to build a home on a hillside in the Los Feliz area of Los Angeles, CA (Fig. 3). Because the Ennises had the resources for a large house on a grand scale, Wrights budget would not be as constrained as it was with the Freeman House. Wright took the opportunity to further flesh out his mono-material concept. Visually, the house is monumental in scale and posture uncharacteristic for Wright. Its no exaggeration to say that it dominates the hillside in an almost brutal fashion. Inspired
46
Fig. 2: The second use of the textile block system was for the construction of the Freeman house, hollywood hills, cA, shown here undergoing repair work to the main living area
Fig. 3: The Ennis house is sited on a hillside in the Los Feliz area of Los Angeles, cA. Inspired by Mayan ruins, Wright used offset blocks to form battered walls
47
by Mayan ruins, Wright used offset blocks to form battered walls. He made extensive use of textile block for floor structures, using ceiling blocks as stay-in-place forms for a reinforced concrete structural slab. Similarly, textile blocks were used as stay-in-place forms for reinforced concrete posts and beams. As the project progressed, the designer and the owners had significant aesthetic conflicts: Although Wright specified corbeled arches over door and window openings, the owners demanded horizontal lintels; Although Wright specified that the stained glass windows were to be fabricated in a pattern that mimicked the block module, the owners wanted (and got) a delicate pattern; Although Wright wanted the floors to have textile block finishes, marble was used for the room floors and ceramic tile was used in the baths; and Although Wright typically controlled the design of light fixtures and furnishings on his projects, the owners demanded traditional chandeliers and furniture. Eventually, the conflicts between the designer and the owners led Wright to resign from the project.2 Even so, the Ennis House arguably stands as one of the most complete built examples of Wrights modular, mono-material, machine-age vision.
The Arizona Biltmore Resort (1928)
Early in 1928, Wright received an inquiry from a former apprentice, Albert Chase McArthur. McArthurs family was developing a million-dollar project: a resort in the desert north of Phoenix, AZ. McArthur was familiar with Wrights Los Angeles houses, wanted to adapt the textile block system for the resort, and so he asked for details on the method. With no other significant commissions in the offing, Wright wired back, essentially inviting himself to Phoenix: Should I come out to help you start perhaps?4
Even though he had misgivings stemming from his firsthand knowledge of Wrights commanding ego, McArthur accepted Wrights proposal.5 Just as he had feared, the collaboration was rocky. Wright, never one to compromise, was not happy with the way his textile block system was used on the project. He recommended a 16 x 16 in. (406 x 406 mm) block module as was used for the Los Angeles houses, but he was overruled in favor of an 18 x 13.5 in. (457 x 343 mm) block (Fig. 4). Worse, the projects engineers specified a steel and concrete frame to support the four-story hotel, so the blocks became little more than aesthetic treatments. As Wright explained: Albert McArthur, one of my boys in the Oak Park workshop, was commissioned to build the building. Albert, at the psychological moment, appealed to me for help to establish the block system in the plans for the project. A wanderer myself, I turned into quarters at Phoenix and worked six months with Albert. The plans were finally made, but Albert encountered the usual opposition to the unusual in design and construction; he was unable to stem the co-lateral tide of suggested changes in technique which soon robbed the system of all economic value and left it standing as a novel and beautiful outside for an unintelligent engineer inside, whereas great technical economy was first and foremost a feature of the system had it been naturally allowed to work. Having no authority myself beyond bullying or by way of suggestion, I was powerless to prevent the tragic waste. In the building of the hotel cottages, however, the details of the system itself were better followed with better results. 6 The cottages that Wright refers to are 11 outbuildings that originally served as quarters for the children of guests, their nannies, and other household servants (Fig. 5). According to historical photos of the cottages construction, it appears that a single exterior wythe of the textile blocks did indeed serve as the structural support for the cottages roofs. The interior finish consists primarily of wood studs, lath, and stucco, but interior concrete block fireplace walls echo the exterior faade. Unfortunately, the cottages have since undergone extensive remodeling to divide them into resort rooms, and the visible interior blocks at the fireplace have been painted or covered with gypsum wallboard.
Florida Southern College Campus (1938 to 1954)
Fig. 4: The biltmore blocks were 18 x 13.5 in. (457 x 343 mm) and were molded with intricate detail
The Florida Southern College Campus is Wrights only college campus. Over a period of 16 years, the college built a total of 10 textile block buildings exhibiting the most elaborate use of patterns with the textile block system. Even the most basic block is not plain, as it has dentils along the short edges. The standard block is 3.5 in. (89 mm) thick, 36 in. (914 mm) wide, and 9 in. (229 mm) tall and fits the 6 ft (1.83 m) basic module used for the campus. A typical wall consists of two wythes with a 2 in. (51 mm) air gap, resulting in a total thickness of 9 in. (229 mm).
48
Undertaking the project at the end of the Great Depression and during World War II forced the college to make every effort to contain costs. They did this by using student labor to construct the initial buildings, using sample blocks in the final construction (Fig. 6), and delaying Wrights commission payments. Unfortunately, Wrights system has not fared well in the humid Florida climate. The long horizontal channels must have been difficult to fill with grout, especially for the inexperienced student labor that constructed some of the early buildings. The joints were therefore susceptible to water penetration, causing corrosion and spalling (Fig. 7). Not long after construction, the upper-level walls on the Annie Pfeiffer Chapel were covered with stucco to stop water leakage and protect the blocks (Fig. 8).7 Block deterioration continues to be a problem on other campus structures. For example, restoration of the Roux Library was undertaken in 1981 (Fig. 9), but the repairs are now showing distress. The deterioration is so severe that in 2008 the World Monuments Fund placed the campus on its list of the 100 most endangered sites and convened a conference at the college to discuss textile block construction.8 Eric Lloyd Wright, the designers grandson and an architect in his own right, was in attendance to advise and lend support.8,9
Fig. 5: A biltmore cottage in Phoenix, AZ
Florida Southern College Campus (2011 to 2012)

By 1938, low-cost Federal Housing Authority (FHA) loans had become available for single-family homes. The
Fig. 6: Student laborers construct the E.T. roux Library (above) (Photo courtesy of Florida Southern College Archives); Now known as the Thad buckner building, the building as it appeared in 2011 (below)
49
Fig. 7: reinforcing bar corrosion and the resulting spalling is evident on many of the blocks on the Florida Southern college campus
college wanted to take advantage of this program, so they asked Wright to design a prototype for a faculty house, with the potential for building up to 20 more. Wright designed a single-family Usonian house, but the schools application for an FHA loan was deniedthe design was apparently too radical, and the house was never constructed. Recently, however, the college commissioned a new textile block building, based on Wrights house plans, for use as a tourism and education center. The new 1700 ft2 (158 m2) building is being touted by the college as the first Wright structure constructed for the original client on the original site since 1966.10 About $2,000,000 in donations have been received to fund the project. Construction started in the spring of 2011, with completion expected by the summer of 2012. According to Wayne
Fig. 8: Annie Pfeiffer chapel as it appeared in 2011, with the upper level covered with stucco
Fig. 9: In general, the textile block system has not weathered well in the Florida climate: (upper) restoration work on the former roux Library was undertaken in 1981(Photo courtesy of Florida Southern College Archives); and (lower) the same section of the roux Library as it appeared in 2011, showing that the 1981 replacement blocks have not fared well
50
Koehler, Photographer and Assistant Webmaster at Florida Southern College, construction will require about 2000 blocks in 47 different patterns. Block production is taking place at a precast concrete production facility in Massachusetts, around 1300 miles (2092 km) from the project site. The blocks are being cast in plywood molds with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inserts cut to precise specifications on a computer numerically controlled (CNC) mill (Fig. 10). Because the inserts are removed after the block is released from the form, cracking is avoided and the fine detail is preserved. There are some durability issues with the plywood molds, however, so PFTE-coated steel or aluminum is being considered for future base molds. The concrete mixture design was selected with the goal of providing a durable wall while maintaining the same look as the original blocks. According to the Florida Southern College Architect Jeff Baker, dry-casting was investigated, but the resulting blocks didnt have the required detail (especially at the perforations) and the blocks were susceptible to water penetration. Wet-casting was selected to obtain the necessary detail and low permeability. Forms are removed after 2 hours and the blocks are acid-etched to simulate an open-pore dry-cast look. The blocks are also pressure-washed on site. The blocks are assembled in a manner similar to that used for the original textile block buildings, but the materials have been improved (Fig. 11). Silicone sealant is used to set the blocks and prevent the grout from oozing out (in the original projects, clay was used for this purpose). Vertical reinforcing comprises stainless steel threaded rods with couplers, horizontal reinforcing consists of epoxycoated reinforcing bars, and the wythes are held together using custom-designed stainless steel connectors that span between the inner and outer wythes (in the original projects, uncoated mild steel was used throughout). The grout channels formed at the block joints are being filled by pumping. The cavity between the wythes is filled with a polyurethane foam rather than being left open as it was in the original projects. A wall assembly has been tested and shown to be resistant to wind-driven rain. According to Baker, tests have also verified that the sprayed-in-place insulation adds strength to the wall; the foam transfers some shear between the concrete wythes and results in significant composite action. The plans for the houses did not include any details for the block patterns, so patterns were based on block designs in other campus buildings. Six generations of block designs were required before the right one was found. The construction is expensive, but Baker attributes the systems high costs to tooling up from scratch for one small building. The unit cost of additional buildings should be reduced dramatically.
Fig. 10: Fabrication of a corner block mold. The white inserts are PTFE milled on a cNc mill (Photo courtesy of Wayne Koehler, Florida Southern College)
Fig. 11: Partially constructed walls: (upper) a mockup shows the wythe connectors in place. The connector prototypes were fabricated using carbon steel, and the blocks were not supplied with notches to allow connectors to be recessed; and (lower) the final configuration of the wall includes stainless steel wythe connectors set in notches. Vertical reinforcing comprises threaded stainless steel rods, and horizontal reinforcing comprises epoxy-coated bars. Note that polyurethane insulation has been injected between some of the wythes at the door opening. The horizontal channels form tubes that will be injected with grout before installation of the door framing
51
Parkwyn Village and Galesburg Country Homes (1948 to 1950)11

These subdivisions in and around Kalamazoo, MI, were constructed in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the height of Wrights Usonian period (Fig. 12). Here, the block system was apparently intended to be a way for home owners to save money by using sweat equity. Less consideration was given to using the textile block system as a mono-material, as wood was used for the ceilings and other components (Fig. 13). Still, the block serves as the structure, the exterior finish, and the finished surfaces at penetrations.
cast-in-place concrete at the abutting edges, so the roof was essentially a concrete waffle-slab with precast stay-in-place forms. Whether it made economic or structural sense to place significant dead load in the roof structure is a subject of debate, but the use of the blocks as concrete forms for the roof structure took Wrights mono-material concept further than in his previous designs.
The Turkel House (1955)
The Usonian Automatic
Wrights ultimate expression and final word on the textile block system was the Usonian Automatic: We are often asked how a young couple, with a limited budget, can afford to build a house designed on the basic principles of organic architecture.This problem will probably always exist in one direction or another. But we have gone far in solving this generic problem by the natural concrete block house we call the Usonian Automatic. This Usonian house incorporates innovations which reduce most of the heavier costs, labor in particular.1 After some further experimentation in the late 1940s with rectangular block in a 3-to-4 aspect ratio (refer to Parkwyn Village), Wright settled on the 12 x 24 x 3-1/2 in. (305 x 610 x 89 mm) Usonian Automatic block. In the Usonian Automatic system, the walls, pilasters, ceilings, roof, and even the glazing would be constructed using the basic block module. His intent was to find a manufacturer that could produce the system economically to the precision required for blocks with no dimensional tolerance. According to Eric Lloyd Wright, Although steel forms were used to create the blocks for the Automatics, the blocks still could not be made with the precision necessary to lay them without shimming. It was my grandfathers desire that, ultimately, these blocks could be picked up in any building supply yard and stacked up by individuals wanting to build their own houses.He realized that only if the blocks were machine made would it be possible to lay them out without shimming, but he was never able to interest anyone in taking on the manufacture of the blocks. 12 Most of the Automatics were constructed with a single wythe wall. The inside coffered face of each block, which was hidden on previous textile block houses, was left exposed for decorative effect or covered with an inch of rigid insulation and 3/4 in. (19 mm) mahogany plywood panels.12 The Automatics are perhaps most notable for the use of coffered concrete blocks for the construction of the ceiling and roof structures. Six in. (152 mm) deep, 24 x 24 in. (610 x 610 mm) coffered blocks were used as stay-in-place forms for the roof structure. The 200 lb (91 kg) blocks were hoisted and placed on a temporary platform. When placed together, the blocks created troughs for reinforcing and
The Turkel House in Detroit, MI, is the only two-story Usonian Automatic house in existence. The two-story scheme reduces the houses footprint on the lot. Wright further maximized yard space by tucking the building into a corner of the building lot. Ignoring the original owners wish to minimize the number of windows and doors, Wrights design includes 19 exterior doors (none more than 24 in. [610 mm] wide) and over 400 windows. In Wrights view, these werent windows as punched openings, but rather, they were perforated blocks which admitted light and views, as well as providing ventilation, support, and shelter. This can be seen in the homes dramatic colonnade that faces a large garden space (Fig. 14). While the columns look fragile, especially with the mitered glass corners, they actually support the heavy concrete structures of the cantilevered second floor and roof. The house has recently been carefully restored to its former glory by the current owners (Fig. 15). Some enhancements to the original construction include the addition of thermal pane insulated glass for all the perforated blocks and the installation of an enhanced perimeter radiant heat system to reduce condensation on the windows.
Closing Remarks
According to Eric Lloyd Wright: You can see that in every period of his career after Olive Hill (Hollyhock House), he never let it go. There is always some kind of concrete textile block system. But he couldnt swing (the industry) over. I always thought it had great potential, but there was the issue with the forming, and with the accuracy of the block (dimensions), because you dont have a mortar joint to make up differences. My grandfather could never get any companies interested in developing machinery to make the block.These blocks were handcrafted. The idea hangs on, because there is something innate about it that strikes all of us as something worth pursuing. The whole thing is unified.13 Frank Lloyd Wright once stated that, next to designing a theatre for live performance, solving the middle-income housing problem was the issue closest to his heart.1 He had hoped that his precast concrete modular block system would do just that. Lately, there has been a resurgence of interest in Wrights life and work. It could be that his pioneering experiments will yet provide an inspiration for
52
Fig. 12: The exterior of the Eric V. brown house, Parkwyn Village, Kalamazoo, MI, in 2011
Fig. 13: The interior of Eric V. brown house living room, Kalamazoo, MI, in 2011. Although the walls and fireplace comprise textile block construction, the ceiling and roof structure are wood construction
53
Fig 15: Interior of the Turkel house, Detroit, MI, in 2011. As Wright intended, the perforated blocks provide light, views, ventilation, support, and shelter. coffered concrete blocks form the ceiling and stay-in-place forms for the cast-in-place roof structure
3. Chusid, J.M., Historic Structure Report: Samuel and Harriet Freeman House, Hollywood, California, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1924, USC School of Architecture, 1989, 293 pp. 4. Jewel of the Desert, the Arizona Biltmore Hotel, Biltmore Press, Phoenix, AZ, 2009. 5. Cheek, L.W., Frank Lloyd Wright in Arizona, Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 2006, 72 pp. 6. Wright, F.L., Frank Lloyd Wright: Collected WritingsVol. 2, Rizzoli International Publication, Inc., New York, NY, 1992, 384 pp. 7. MacDonald, R.M.; Galbraith, N.E.; and Rogers Jr., J.G., The Buildings of Frank Lloyd Wright at Florida Southern College, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, 128 pp. 8. Chusid, J.M., Preserving the Textile Block at Florida Southern College, World Monuments Fund, New York, NY, 2011, 42 pp. (www.wmf.org/ project/florida-southern-college) 9. Freitag, A., Site Visit: Frank Lloyd Wrights Florida Southern College, WMF Journal, June 2, 2009. 10. Florida Southern College News, June 23, 2011. 11. Heinz, T.A., Frank Lloyd Wright Field Guide: Includes All United States and International Sites, first edition, Northwestern University Press, Dec. 30, 2005, 528 pp. 12. Hess, A.; Weintraub, A.; Frampton, K.; and Hines, T.S., Frank Lloyd Wright: The Houses, Rizzoli, New York, NY, 2005, 544 pp. 13. Author conversation with Eric Lloyd Wright, May 14, 2011. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Fig. 14: The Turkel house in Detroit, MI, features a dramatic colonnade: (upper) from the inside, the nearly transparent colonnade provides views of a large garden space; and (lower) from the outside, the colonnade is seen to support the heavy concrete structures of the second floor and roof
the development of a viable precast concrete residential building system. References

1. Wright, F.L., The Natural House, Horizon Press, New York, NY, 1954, 223 pp. 2. Sweeney, R.L., Wright in Hollywood: Visions of a New Architecture, the MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994, 271 pp.
Edward Losch is both a licensed structural engineer and an architect. he founded Losch Engineering corporation to provide engineering services to the precast concrete industry. he recently chaired the Precast/Prestressed concrete Institute Sandwich Wall Panel committee and has developed software for concrete sandwich wall design that has become a standard in the industry. Losch is currently a PhD candidate in building science at the University of Southern california School of architecture, Los angeles, ca.
54
2011 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary
ACI 318 is a must-have standard for all professionals engaged in concrete design, construction, and inspection, containing the latest code requirements for structural concrete. The companion commentary, in a side-by-side column format to match the corresponding code requirements, provides background information for code provisions. The ACI 318-11 edition features some key changes, including design requirements for adhesive anchors, reinforcement detailing requirements for seismic application, and much more. Over 20 countries worldwide have adopted ACI 318 for use in their national codes.
Order Code: 31811.CI $192.50 (ACI members $116.00)
Purchase today at www.concrete.org or by calling 248-848-3800
The Use of Glass Powder as Supplementary cementitious Material

Field trials in slab, wall, and sidewalk concrete mixtures
by Arezki Tagnit-Hamou and Abdelkrim Bengougam
lthough uncolored glass can be recycled by the glass industry, mixed glass is normally landfilled. This presents obvious environmental problems, so valorization of mixed glass by using it in concrete is an attractive alternative. When ground to about the same fineness as portland cement, glass powder (GP) demonstrates pozzolanic behavior: the amorphous silica (SiO2) in the GP (Table 1) reacts with portlandite (Ca(OH)2) generated during cement hydration to form gels of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). Several studies have shown the beneficial effects, including increased workability and reduced chloride permeability, of using GP as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM).1-7 This article provides field trial data on concrete produced with GP.
were examined using samples taken at the site. The slab and walls were instrumented to monitor concrete strain and temperature over time. Sidewalk mixtures were also evaluated for scaling resistance.
Center for Sustainable Development
Field Trials
Using concrete mixtures with 10 to 30% GP as a cement replacement, we conducted three field trials in Quebec, Canada: A slab and sidewalk at La Maison du dveloppement durable (The Center for Sustainable Development) in Montreal; Two walls of a recyclable materials sorting plant in Gatineau; and Sidewalks within the Museum District of Montreal. For each project, strength (compressive, tensile, and flexural), volumetric change, and durability (chloride permeability and resistance to freezing and thawing)
The Center for Sustainable Development is a green building demonstration located on Saint-Catherine Street in Montreal, QC, Canada. In addition to being the headquarters of quiterre and several other social and environmental organizations, the building is being developed as the showcase of Quebecs expertise in the field of sustainable development. The building thus includes several experimental projects on green building and is open to the public as a center for reflection, innovation, and education on sustainable development. We participated in the construction of a reinforced concrete slab-on-ground floor in the centers conference room lobby and sidewalks on Saint-Catherine Street (HSD project) (Fig. 1). In both cases, we placed sections with trial and control concrete mixtures. The requirements for concrete mixtures were as follows: Interior slab: 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa (4350 psi), slump ranging from 50 to 110 mm (2 to 4.25 in.), and water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) of 0.48; and Sidewalk: 28-day compressive strength of 32 MPa (4640 psi), slump ranging from 50 to 110 mm (2 to 4.25 in.), and w/cm of 0.42.
Table 1:
chemical and physical properties of portland cement (GU) and glass powder (GP) in % of total
Cementitious material
GU GP
SiO2
20.43 74.07
Al2O3
4.70 1.97
Fe2O3
2.92 0.44
CaO
62.39 13.56
MgO
1.81 1.26
SO3
3.53 0.20
K2O
0.95 0.62
Na2O
0.18 7.19
Specific gravity
3.15 2.54
Blaine, m2/kg
394 382
56
Fig. 1: Sidewalks and interior slab at the center for Sustainable Development, Montreal, Qc, canada, constructed using concrete mixtures with 20% GP as cement replacement
Fig. 2: Walls at Tricentris recyclable material sorting company, Gatineau, Qc, canada, constructed using concrete mixtures with 10 and 30% GP as cement replacement
For the interior slab, the trial section was constructed using concrete mixture GP20-1, with a cementitious material content of 80% Type GU cement per the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) (CSA A3001, Cementitious Materials for Use in Concrete) and 20% GP. The control section was constructed using concrete mixture Control1, with a cementitious material content of 77% Type GU cement and 23% Class F fly ash. Both concrete mixtures were manufactured and delivered to the site by Unibton. For the sidewalk, the trial section was constructed using concrete mixture GP20-2, also with a cementitious material content of 80% Type GU cement and 20% GP. The control section was constructed using concrete mixture Control2, with 100% Type GU cement. Control2 and GP20-2 were delivered by Demix Construction and Unibton, respectively. For the interior slab, a water-reducing admixture (WRA) was added to the mixture at the plant. The slump values obtained on site, 40 minutes after the water was added to the mixtures, were 80 mm (3 in.) for mixture GP20-1 and 90 mm (3.25 in.) for the mixture Control1. To improve the workability during the placements, a high-range water-
reducing admixture (HRWRA) was added at the site. Dosage rates were 1 L/m3 (26 fl oz/yd3) for mixture GP20-1 and 0.5 L/m3 (13 fl oz/yd3) for mixture Control1. For the sidewalk, WRA and air-entraining agent were incorporated into the concrete mixtures at the plant. The compositions of the concrete mixtures are listed in Table 2, and the fresh concrete properties are presented in Table 3.
Sorting Plant
Tricentris is a major recyclable material sorting company in Quebec, Canada. The company seeks LEED certification on all new construction projects. As the industrial partner of the Socit des Alcools du Quebec (SAQ) Research Chair on the Valorization of Glass in Materials, Tricentris has committed to building a plant specifically for production of GP to be used as an SCM. Following this directive, the companys new sorting facility in Gatineau (Fig. 2), incorporates two reinforced concrete buildings with 4 m (13 ft) tall walls using 10% (concrete mixture GP10) and 30% (concrete mixture GP30) of GP as a cement replacement (Tables 2 and 3). Both concrete mixtures were delivered by Lafarge.
57
Montreals Museum District
The Museum District, a zone surrounding the Museum of Fine Arts in downtown Montreal, is home to many historical and architectural buildings. After deciding to renovate the streets and enlarge the sidewalks around the museum, the city chose to use white or pale concrete for the sidewalks to reduce the urban heat island. We recommended the use of GP so that the concrete would complement the districts traditional granite pavers (Fig. 3). The sidewalks were constructed using a quaternary concrete mixture (Quat10) with 70% Type GU cement, 20%
Type GUb-S/SF (interground portland cement/slag cement/ silica fume), and 10% GP (Tables 2 and 3). The concrete mixture was delivered by Lafarge.
Testing Methods
During each placement, we produced specimens for laboratory tests. The tests were performed according to specifications of ASTM International or Bureau de Normalisation du Qubec (BNQ), including: ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens;
Table 2:
concrete mixture design

Material, kg/m (lb/yd3)
w/cm cement GU GUb-S/SF GP Fly ash class F Water Sand aggregate, 5 to 20 mm (0.2 to 0.8 in.) Wra, mL/100 kg (fl oz/100 lb) aEa, mL/100 kg (fl oz/100 lb) hrWra, L/m3 (fl oz/yd3)
3
HSD project (slab concrete) GP20-1

0.48 280 (472) 70 (118) 168 (283) 825 (1391) 1070 (1804) 130 (2.0) 1.0 (26)
HSD project (sidewalk concrete) GP20-2

0.42 320 (539) 80 (135) 168 (283) 688 (1160) 1040 (1753) 180 (2.8) 60 (0.9)
Tricentris project (wall concrete) GP10

0.50 270 (455) 30 (51) 154 (260) 820 (1382) 1057 (1782) 230 (3.5) 42 (0.6)
Montral city project (sidewalk concrete) Quat10

0.44 262 (442) 75 (126) 38 (64) 165 (278) 840 (1416) 1033 (1741) 175 (2.7) 40 (0.6)
Control1
0.48 264 (445) 78 (131) 165 (278) 966 (1628) 950 (1601) 138 (2.1) 0.5 (13)
Control2
0.38 435 (733) 175 (295) 728 (1227) 1007 (1697) 250 (3.8) 135 (2.1)
GP30
0.48 245 (413) 105 (177) 168 (283) 770 (1298) 1025 (1728) 230 (3.5) 42 (0.6)
Table 3:
Properties of fresh concretes

HSD project (slab) Measured properties
Slump control, mm (in.) Slump after hrWra addition, mm (in.) air content, % Density, kg/m3 (lb/ft3) Temperature of concrete, c (F) ambient temperature, c (F)
HSD project (sidewalk) GP20-2

90 (3.5) 5.6 2294 (143.2) 26.0 (78.8) 22 (71.6)
Tricentris project (wall) GP10

100 (4) 5.0 2324 (145.5) 26.4 (79.5)
Montral city project (sidewalk) Quat10

85 (3.25) 6.6 Not determined 26.3 (79.3) 24 (75.2)
GP20-1
80 (3.25) 130 (5) 4.3 2297 (143.4) 18.0 (64.4) 0 (32)
Control1
90 (3.5) 120 (4.75) 2.4 2424 (151.3) 6 (42.8)
Control2
130 (5) 7.2 2343 (146.3) 23.8 (74.8) 22 (71.6)
GP30
95 (3.75) 5.1 2308 (144.4) 27.2 (81.0)
26 (78.8) 26 (78.8)
58
ASTM C496, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; ASTM C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading); ASTM C157, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete; ASTM C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration; ASTM C457, Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete; ASTM C666 Procedure A, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing; and BNQ NQ 2621-900 Annex A, Dtermination de la Rsistance lEcaillage du Bton Soumis des Cycles de Gel-Dgel en Contact avec des Sels Fondants.
Results and Discussion
The evaluated properties are presented in Table 4. At early ages, the compressive strengths of concrete mixtures with GP used in slabs and sidewalks were lower than those of their corresponding control mixture. GP mixtures did, however, meet the required strengths at 28 days. The GP mixtures had about the same strengths as the control mixtures at 28 days and GP20-2 had a greater strength than the corresponding control mixture (Control2) at 91 days (Fig. 4). The splitting tensile strengths for GP mixtures and control mixtures were comparable. The tensile strength of GP20-2 exceeded that of Control2 at 28 days (Table 4). The results of resistance to rapid chloride penetration testing are presented in Fig. 5 and listed in Table 5. The data show that resistance to chloride ion penetration increases with increasing GP content. The values obtained for the concrete mixture with 20% GP (GP20-2) are about a third of the corresponding values obtained for the control
Fig. 3: Sidewalks at the Museum District, Montral, Qc, canada, constructed using concrete mixtures with 10% GP as cement replacement
Table 4:
Mechanical properties of hardened concrete

Concrete mixture
GP20-1 (slab) control1 (slab) GP20-2 (sidewalk) control2 (sidewalk) GP10 (wall) GP30 (wall) Quat10 (sidewalk)
Compressive strength, MPa (psi) 1 day

6.7 (970) 8.9 (1290) 15.6 (2260) 14.3 (2070)
Splitting tensile strength, MPa (psi) 91 days

41 (5950) 44.2 (6410) 37.6 (5450) 35.1 (4570) 35 (5080) 32.5 (4710) 46.4 (6730)
Flexural strength, MPa (psi) 28 days

5.30 (770) 5.25 (760) 5.00 (725) 4.80 (700) 4.70 (680) 5.30 (770) 5.30 (770)
3 days
18.6 (2700) 23.6 (3420) 19.7 (2860) 20.7 (3000) 21.2 (3075) 18.7 (2710) 23.2 (3360)
7 days
23.6 (3420) 27.3 (3960) 22.4 (3250) 25.9 (3760) 26.8 (3890) 23.9 (3470) 30.2 (4380)
28 days
31.2 (4530) 35.6 (5160) 30.0 (4350) 31.5 (4570) 33.2 (4820) 30.2 (4380) 34.7 (5430)
28 days
3.40 (495) 4.10 (595) 3.50 (505) 2.60 (375) 3.55 (515) 3.20 (465) 3.05 (440)
91 days
4.20 (610) 5.00 (725) 4.40 (640) 4.50 (655) 4.0 (580) 4.1 (595) 4.05 (585)
91 days
5.80 (840) 6.60 (955) 5.75 (835) 5.25 (760) 5.35 (775) 6.34 (919) 5.80 (840)
59
mixture (Control2). According to the rating scale provided in ASTM C1202, the concrete mixture with 20% GP is considered to have low and very low chloride ion penetrability at 56 and 91 days, respectively. The concrete mixture with 20% GP used in sidewalks also meets the permeability requirement of the CSA (CSA-A23.1, Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete Construction/Test
50
Compressive strength, MPa
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 0 20
GP20-1 GP20-2 GP10 Quat10 Control1 Control2 GP30
40 60 Age, days
80
100
Fig. 4: compressive strength results (1 MPa = 145 psi)
Methods and Standard Practices for Concrete) for C1 exposure class (charge passed <1500 coulombs at 56 days). The results of freezing-and-thawing tests and microscopic air void analyses are listed in Table 6. After 300 cycles of freezing and thawing, the visual appearance of the specimens was good with some fine cracks present on the surface. All concretes with GP showed very good resistance, with the durability factor ranging from 98 to 102% (well exceeding the 80% suggested as a limit for a good durability).8 In addition, spacing factors determined for the concrete mixtures with GP (Table 6) were below the 0.23 mm (0.009 in.) limit specified by CSA-A23.1 and below 0.20 mm (0.008 in.), which is a generally accepted maximum spacing factor value for concrete with good resistance to freezing and thawing.9 The results of salt scaling tests performed on the sidewalk concrete (GP20-2 and Control2) are presented in Table 7. For both mixtures, the mass of scaled concrete obtained after 56 cycles of freezing and thawing is less than 500 g/m2 (0.1 lb/ft2), the maximum limit specified by the standard BNQ NQ 2621-900. Tested specimens also showed only a very slight scaling. Measurements of length change (per ASTM C157) obtained over period of 3 months are presented in Fig. 6. In general, concrete mixtures with GP have higher shrinkage than the control concrete mixtures; however, the shrinkage strain remains below the limit specified in CSA-A23.1
6000
Charge passed, Coulombs
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 28 56 Age, days
GP20-1 GP20-2 GP10 Quat10
Control1 Control2 GP30
Promising Results
Based on the presented test results, the use of GP as an alternative SCM is very promising. Concrete mixtures containing GP exhibited good workability during the
Table 5:
rapid chloride permeability test (ASTM c1012)

Concrete mixtures
GP20-2 (sidewalk) control2 (sidewalk)
28 days
2245 6030 2742
56 days
1290 3409 5025 1681 1658
91 days
987 2818 3562 1236
91
GP10 (wall) GP30 (wall) Quat10 (sidewalk)
Fig. 5: chloride ion permeability results
Table 6:
Durability factor and air void parameters (resistance to freezing and thawing)
HSD project (sidewalk) Concrete properties
Fresh concrete air content, % hardened concrete air content, % Spacing factor , mm (in.) Durability factor, %
Tricentris project (wall) GP10

5.0 3.0 0.245 (0.010) 98
Montral city project (sidewalk) Quat10

6.6 4.7 0.169 (0.007) 102
GP20-2
5.6 3.7 0.176 (0.007) 100
Control2
7.2 4.7 0.124 (0.005) 103
GP30
5.1 3.0 0.225 (0.009) 99
60
Table 7:
Surface scaled mass of concrete mixtures used in sidewalk project

Scaling, g/m2 (lb/ft2) Age
28 days
GP20-2
322 (0.06)
Control2
265 (0.05)
0.03 0.02
Length change, %
0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 0 10 20 30
GP20-2 GP10 GP20-1
Control2 GP30 Control1
40 50 Age, days
60
70
80
90
3. Shayan, A., and Xu, A., Performance of Glass Powder as a Pozzolanic Material: A Field Trial on Concrete Slabs, Cement and Concrete Research, V. 36, No. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 457-468. 4. Schwarz, N.; Cam, H.; and Neithalath, N., Influence of a Fine Glass Powder on the Durability Characteristics of Concrete and Its Comparison to Fly Ash, Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 30, No. 6, July 2008, pp. 486-496. 5. Zidol, A., Optimization of the Fineness of Glass Powder in Binary Cementitious Systems, masters thesis, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, 2009, 168 pp. 6. Idir R., Mechanisms of Action of Glass Powders and Glass Aggregates on Alkali-Silica and Pozzolanic Reactions, PhD thesis cotutelle, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France, and University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, 2009, 284 pp. 7. Saeed, H.; Ebead, U.; Tagnit-Hamou, A.; and Neal, K., Stoichiometric Study of Activated Glass Powder Hydration, Advances in Cement Research, accepted for publication (ACR-D-1000067R1). 8. Nmai, C.K., Freezing and Thawing, Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete Making Materials (STP 169D), J.F. Lamond and J.H. Pieler, eds., ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009, p. 159 (Fig. 1). 9. ACI Committee 201, Guide to Durable Concrete (201.2R-08), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2008, 49 pp. Note: Additional information on the ASTM International, BNQ, and CSA standards discussed in this article can be found at www.astm.org, www.bnq.qc.ca, and www.csa.ca, respectively. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Fig. 6: Drying shrinkage of concretes measured according to ASTM c157
placement. Although cement replacement with the GP was shown to reduce early-age compressive strength, concrete mixtures with GP reached strength values close to the strength values for control mixtures at 28 days, and one GP mixture reached a greater strength than the corresponding control at 91 days. GP replacements were also shown to significantly reduce the permeability of hardened concrete. With good resistance to chloride ion penetration and cycles of freezing and thawing, concrete mixtures with GP are expected to demonstrate better durability than portland cement concrete mixtures; the optimum cement replacement level is estimated to be between 20 and 30%. Acknowledgments
Funding for this project and the Industrial Chair on the Valorization of Glass in Materials was provided by the Socit des Alcools du Quebec. The support is deeply appreciated. Also, we thank Tricentris, Equiterre, and the city of Montreal for their collaboration in these projects.
Arezki Tagnit-Hamou, FacI, is a Professor in the civil Engineering Department at the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, canada. he is a member of acI committees 130, Sustainability of concrete, and 555, concrete with recycled materials. his research interests include physical chemistry and microstructure of cement and concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, and sustainable development. Abdelkrim Bengougam is a research associate in the Department of civil Engineering at the University of Sherbrooke, working as part of the Industrial research chair on the Valorization of Glass in materials. he received his PhD from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2002. his research interests include supplementary cementitious materials and the long-term behavior and durability of concrete.
References
1. Topu, I.B., and Canbaz, M., Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Glass, Cement and Concrete Research, V. 34, No. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 267-274. 2. Shi, C.; Wu, Y.; Rieflerb, C.; and Wang, H., Characteristics and Pozzolanic Reactivity of Glass Powders, Cement and Concrete Research, V. 35, No. 5, May 2005, pp. 987-993.
61
2012 AIA Institute honor Awards
he American Institute of Architects (AIA) has selected the 2012 recipients of the Institute Honor Awards, the professions highest recognition of works that exemplify excellence in architecture, interior architecture, and urban design. Selected from over 700 total submissions, 27 recipients located throughout the world will be honored at the AIA 2012 National Convention and Design Exposition in Washington, DC. More information on the award winners can be found at www.aia.org.
2012 Institute Honor Awards for Architecture

8 House, Copenhagen, Denmark BIG This multi-family residential structure contains 475 units. The bow-shaped building creates two distinct housing spaces, separated by a 5300 ft2 (500 m2) communal facility in the center. The apartments sit above commercial space at street level. 41 Cooper Square, New York, NY Morphosis Architects As the new academic building for The Cooper Union, this facility allows the colleges three schools, previously housed in separate buildings, to share a single venue. A vertical piazza forms the heart of the building, while an undulating lattice envelopes a 20 ft (6 m) wide grand stair ascending four stories from the ground level through the skylit central atrium. The Gates and Hillman Centers for Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects Located on Carnegie Mellon Universitys west campus, this building houses four departments of the School of Computer Science. The design required negotiating a series of complex existing site conditions and programmatic prerequisites, including demolition of existing buildings, subsurface rock, sewer lines that limited the constructible area, and an existing campus spacial hierarchy. 62
The Gates and hillman centers for computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA
Ghost Architectural Laboratory, Upper Kingsburg, NS, Canada Mackay-Lyons Sweetapple Architects Limited This project, an architectural education center in the tradition of Frank Lloyd Wrights Taliesin, consists of numerous structures that are, in part, products of the design/build curriculum itself. They provide accommodation for the program and a venue for community events. LumenHAUS, Blacksburg, VA Virginia Tech Solar Team The house is both a dwelling and an international exhibition informing the public about issues of alternative energy and sustainability. The structure is a grid-tied solarpowered house based on the concept of Responsive Architecture. It adjusts to climatic changes and user requirements and generates more power than it uses over the course of a year. Pittman Dowell Residence, La Crescenta, CA Michael Maltzan Architecture, Inc. Inspired by geometric arrangements of interlocking polygons, the home is a heptagonal figure confounded by a series of intersecting slices. Bounded by an introverted exterior, living spaces unfold in shifting perspectival frames. An irregularly shaped void defined by these intersections creates an outdoor room whose edges blur into the adjoining spaces. Poetry Foundation, Chicago, IL John Ronan Architects Chicagos Poetry Foundation features a garden, a library, a gallery, and a performance venue for poetry all on the ground floor. The second level holds office spaces configured to allow for views from all spaces out onto the garden. Ruth Lilly Visitors Pavilion, Indianapolis, IN Marlon Blackwell Architect This project serves as both a threshold to and a destination within the 100 Acres Art & Nature Park at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. The pavilion is the result of a studied relationship between building, land, and art. The Standard, New York, New York, NY Ennead Architects The 18-story hotel straddles the High Line, a 75-yearold elevated railroad line recently developed into a new linear, public park. The two slabs of the building are angled to further emphasize the buildings distinction from the citys grid and its levitation above the neighborhood. The building features sculptural piers which raise the building 57 ft (17 m) off the street, allowing traffic to pass below it and natural light to reach the street.
2012 Institute Honor Awards for Interior Architecture

ARTifacts, Omaha, NE Randy Brown Architects The design of the Kent Bellows Studio and Center for Visual Arts focused on minimal interventions to upgrade the building and provide the new spaces for the facility. Artistic additions to the building created windows, seating, a walkway, a meeting and reading space in the library, and the main entrance. Childrens Institute, Inc., Otis Booth Campus, Los Angeles, CA Koning Eizenberg Architecture The adaptive reuse of three industrial buildings created
Pittman Dowell residence, La crescenta, cA
The Standard, New York, New York, NY

63
the headquarters for a nonprofit organization that assists children and families exposed to violence. The campus is split by an alley with the north site focusing on preschool and early childhood services and the south site anchored around a community center offering educational programs and counseling services. David Rubenstein Atrium at Lincoln Center, New York, NY Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects This 7000 ft2 (650 m2) passageway serves as Lincoln Centers public visitor facility. The atrium includes cantilevered canopies, as well as 20 ft (6 m) high plant walls and a fountain in the ceiling that drops thin streams of water into a stone basin. HyundaiCard Air Lounge, Incheon, South Korea Gensler In this unique airport lounge, two virtual skylights move slowly through the color spectrum of the sky. Within the constraint of a small envelope, reflective surfaces provide visual relief while cove lighting plays up the ethereal atmosphere of the space. Integral House, Toronto, ON, Canada Shim-Sutcliffe Architects The project integrates many sustainable features into the site and building. A field of vertical geothermal pipes supplies heating and cooling for the entire project, including the main concert hall. A centrally located lush green roof is a visual feature from many parts of the project.
Vertical wooden fins provide sun shading from the exterior and contribute to the acoustical performance of the concert hall. Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World, Rhode Island Hall, Providence, RI Anmahian Winton Architects This project, on the campus of Brown University, restores Rhode Island Halls exterior and entirely renovates its interior. Translucency of both glass and wood creates varying levels of transparency and daylight between program spaces. The project is part of the Universitys ongoing renovation of historic buildings and also demonstrates its commitment to sustainabilityRhode Island Hall is the first building at Brown to be certified LEED Gold for New Construction. Memory Temple, Los Angeles, CA Patrick Tighe Architecture The installation proposes a new structural materiality through the use of renewable polyurethane foam. The foam was used as a total building assembly: structure, envelope, and acoustical barrier. Layers of closed-cell foam (used structurally) and open-cell foam (used acoustically) were combined to make up the wall assembly. Prairie Management Group, Northbrook, IL Goettsch Partners Inserted into a single-story speculative office suite, the 7500 ft2 (700 m2) facility is organized around three compositional elements: a colonnade, full-height glass screen walls, and a custom maple pavilion. Record House Revisited, Owings Mill, MD David Jameson Architect Four decades after this project was featured in the Architectural Record, the current owners revisited the house with several alterations. A truss roof system allowed interior walls to be eradicated, yielding floor to ceiling window apertures. The original brick fireplace and skylight ring at the center of the house is exposed and left uninterrupted, allowing for additional connection to the site. The Wright at the Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY Andre Kikoski Architect, PLLC The design solution references the buildings architecturewhat Wright specifically called the primitive initialwithout repeating it. In the process, underlying architectural geometries were transformed into dynamic spatial effects. The sculptural forms create a flared ceiling, seating, an arced bar, and a communal table.
Integral house, Toronto, ON, canada
64
hNA hardscape Project Award Winners
he Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI), along with the Brick Industry Association and National Concrete Masonry Association, announced the 4th Annual Hardscape North America (HNA) Hardscape Project Award winners in late 2011. The Hardscape Project Awards recognize outstanding projects by contractors in residential and commercial/industrial applications. Projects include but are not limited to walkways, patios, driveways, plazas, and parking lots. This years program received 84 entries. A total of 16 award winners were recognized in categories of concrete paver, segmental retaining wall, clay brick, and a combination of all hardscape products.
of flagstone and cobble-shaped and Holland pavers. Use of permeable interlocking concrete pavers in all aspects of the project contributed to LEED credits. The project also included the use of white-colored pavers to outline spaces in the parking lot, eliminating the need for line repainting. Honorable Mention: Scottsdale Centre Renovation, Scottsdale, AZ; Contractor: Re-Create Companies LLC dba Paver Creations.
Combination 1,000 20,000 Square Feet: Department of Environment & Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC Contractor: Fred Adams Paving Company, Inc.; Manufacturer: Belgard Hardscapes When constructing a new sidewalk, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) chose to use concrete pavers due to their ease of installation and removal. During construction of the walkway, located adjacent to DENR headquarters in downtown Raleigh, the use of pavers allowed for construction around lighting fixtures, underground vaults, and various other utility boxes. Pavers will also allow the City of Raleigh to easily remove and replace the walkway for purposes such as connecting utilities along sidewalks, without requiring patching and paving after repairs. Honorable Mention: Shawano County Park, Shawano, WI; Contractor: Apple Valley Orchard & Nursery. More than 20,000 Square Feet: Base Operations Center, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, CO Contractor: Rocky Mountain Hardscapes; Manufacturer: Pavestone Company The highlight of this project was a large compass rose, providing visual interest and orientation for newcomers. The details of the design were executed with varying colors
Commercial/Industrial Winners
Department of Environment & Natural resources, raleigh, Nc
base Operations center, Peterson Air Force base, colorado Springs, cO
65
Northern Pines Greenery, Minocqua, WI
Concrete paver 1,000 15,000 Square Feet: Northern Pines Greenery, Minocqua, WI Contractor: Jared Conover; Manufacturer: County Materials Corporation This patio anchors an outdoor display area for a landscaping business and serves as an entertainment area for customers and guests. The company emphasizes custom work to enhance projects, which led to building a custom fireplace and natural stone accents. Using no drawings, but instead exploring the most effective combinations on site, the project was completely designed and installed by the owner of the landscaping business and his staff. While most of the paving consists of tumbled pavers, nontumbled units in a 45-degree angle define an area rug in front of the fireplace. Honorable Mention: Ringling College of Art & Design, Sarasota, FL; Contractor: Pat OHara Pavers. More than 15,000 Square Feet: Tarrant County College Trinity River East, Fort Worth, TX Contractor: Chamberlin Roofing & Waterproofing; Manufacturer: Pavestone Company In this redesign project, plans were made to install a large plaza and water feature at this downtown campus. The fountain was created out of uniformly colored pavers in varying sizes and shades of gray, placed without a specific pattern to create a boardwalk look for the plaza as a whole. The fountain also serves as a roof to classrooms below it, requiring the use of several forms of waterproofing underneath and between the pavers to both keep the rooms dry and provide resistance to Texas storms. Honorable Mention: St. Andrews Cathedral, Grand Rapids, MI; Contractor: Michigan Pavers & Walls, LLC. Transportation/Municipal Street: Veterans Memorial, Daytona Beach, FL Contractor: Stone Age Pavers Inc.; Manufacturer: Hanson This special project for the City of Daytona Beach is a courtyard honoring those who served in the armed forces. The landscape architect transformed a flat surface to one suggesting three dimensions by doing an exact layout of the circle and points of the star pattern using careful saw-cutting. Honorable Mention: New Orleans Superdomes Champions Square, New Orleans, LA; Contractor: LA Pavers. Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) Palmetto Bay Village Hall, Palmetto Bay, FL Contractor: Oliva Brick; Manufacturer: Hanson Hardscapes The Village of Palmetto Bays new municipal center was landscaped with 40,000 ft2 (3700 m2) of PICP to
Tarrant county college Trinity river East, Fort Worth, TX
Veterans Memorial, Daytona beach, FL
66
Merriam Village, Merriam, KS
Palmetto bay Village hall, Palmetto bay, FL
Texas DOT 130 Tollway Project, Austin, TX
reduce costs while providing environmental benefits through its ability to filter water. The designer selected custom paver colors to surround the projects sculpture in the main plazaa compass rose in the form of a geometric palm. Other areas of the project include a paved plaza lined with palms and areas suitable for community events. Honorable Mention: McCords Vancouver Toyota, Vancouver, WA; Contractor: Eastern States Paving, Inc. Segmental retaining wall More than 5,000 Square Feet: Merriam Village, Merriam, KS Contractor: BC Hardscapes, LLC; Manufacturer: Midwest Block and Brick This project consists of five walls supporting municipal and commercial buildings and a roadway. It features over 150,000 ft2 (14,000 m2) of columns, tiers, precast caps, steps, and many other forms of modular block. The five walls range in size from 30 to 60 ft (9 to 18 m), and support a shopping center, a car dealership, a police station, several parking lots, and a road running through the site. Adjacent to the roadway, the walls serve both as a guardrail and as decoration by providing space for landscaping.
Engineered SRW: Texas DOT 130 Tollway Project, Austin, TX Contractor: Boothe Brothers Paving; Manufacturer: Pavestone Company To retain the steep embankments on three bridges along a section of the new SH 130 toll road, the Texas Department of Transportation implemented a series of terraced segmental retaining walls to make the slopes manageable. They used a manufacturers three-piece segmental retaining wall system in a color that both complemented the accent color on the bridges and mimicked the natural stone look of the Texas Hill Country. The walls were installed in 12 different areas, each with their own layout. The walls were also terraced to provide space to plant native vegetation. Clay brick More than 15,000 Square Feet: Grand River Avenue Streetscape, Farmington, MI; Contractor: Decra-Scape, Inc. Permeable: The Plaza at Kenan Hall Flagler College, St. Augustine, FL; Contractor: Paverscape Inc. Honorable Mention: Gotts Court Parking Garden and Plaza, Annapolis, MD; Contractor: Avon Corporation.
67
Residential Winners
Combination 4,000 Square Feet or less: Lowry Residence, Shawnee, KS; Contractor: Ideal Lawn & Landscape. Honorable Mention: Rowlands Residence, Warner Robins, GA; Contractor: Livco Hardcsapes. More than 4,000 Square Feet: Miller Residence, Lone Tree, CO; Contractor: Rocky Mountain Hardscapes. Honorable Mention: Gupta Residence, Potomac, MD; Contractor: Kane Landscapes, Inc. Concrete paver 3,000 Square Feet or less: Bradburn Residence, Lebanon, PA; Contractor: Landis Hardscape Specialist. Honorable Mention: Weist Residence, Linglestown, PA; Contractor: Landis Hardscape Specialist. More than 3,000 Square Feet: Curci Residence, Paradise Valley, AZ; Contractor: Phoenix Paver
Installation Company. Honorable Mention: North Reading Pool Deck, North Reading, MA; Contractor: Comak Brothers Landscapings. PICP Theien-Psotka Residence, Minneapolis, MN; Contractor: Switzers Nursery & Landscaping, Inc. Honorable Mention: Rawhide Trail Residence, Keshena, WI; Contractor: Schneider & Sons Landscaping, Inc. Segmental retaining wall More than 1,000 Square Feet: Tuscany in the Desert, Wickenburg, AZ; Contractor: Wickenburg Landscape & Irrigation, Inc. Honorable Mention: Fairway Waterfall, Oklahoma City, OK; Contractor: Treed You Right. For more information on the 2011 HNA Hardscape Project Awards, visit www.hardscapena.com.
eLearning
now available:
Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) Fundamentals 0.2 CEu (2 PdH), $80 nonmembers, $64 members
CLSM (also known as flowable fill) is a self-consolidating, cementitious material used primarily as backfill in place of compacted fill. This course covers the basics of CLSM technology, including materials used to produce CLSM; plastic and in-service properties; proportioning, mixing, transporting, and placing; quality control; and common applications.
Concrete Sustainability: Basics 0.15 CEu (1.5 PdH), $75 nonmembers, $60 members
This course provides an introduction to the subject of sustainability, with a special emphasis on the concrete industry. Participants will study common definitions of sustainability, identify greenwashing in the marketplace, understand the three pillars of sustainability, and identify strategies for the integration of concrete in sustainable development.
Concrete Sustainability: incorporating Environmental, Social, and Economic aspects 0.15 CEu (1.5 PdH), $75 nonmembers, $60 members
This course provides an in-depth study of topics related to the environmental, social, and economic impacts of using concrete in sustainable development. Topics include the use of industrial by-products, thermal mass, storm-water management, longevity, and heat-island effect, among several others.
also available:
Concrete Basics Concrete Fundamentals Concrete Field Testing Grade I Certification Training Concrete Strength Testing Technician Training
Visit our Web site: aCieLearning.org

68
The New Fellows of AcI

Twenty-eight members will be awarded at the spring convention
t the ACI Spring 2012 Convention in Dallas, TX, ACI will recognize 28 members who have been honored with the rank of Fellow of the American Concrete Institute (FACI). The new Fellows will be introduced during the Opening Session and Awards Program on March 18. The spring convention is scheduled for March 18-22 at the Hyatt Regency Dallas. More information on the convention can be found at www.aciconvention.org. As stated in the ACI bylaws, a Fellow is an individual who has made outstanding contributions to the production or use of concrete materials, products, and structures in the areas of education, research, development, design, construction, or management. The Fellows Nomination Committee selects those to be considered for the award and then forwards its recommendations to the Board of Direction for final action at each fall meeting of the Board. Nominations may come from the committee itself, local chapters, the International Committee, or by petition signed by at least five current ACI members. The ACI Board of Direction approved the nominations of this latest group of honorees at the ACI Fall 2011 Convention in Cincinnati, OH. Including the new honorees, 700 members have attained the rank of FACI, first established by the Institute in 1973. ACIs new Fellows are: Emilio Beltranena has been the Technical Advisor at the Cement and Concrete Institute of Guatemala in Guatemala City since October 2006. He is a founding member and Past President of the ACI Guatemala Chapter; Head of the Guatemalan local sponsoring group for ACI Certification Programs in Guatemala, which now works with four ACI programs; and a member of ACI 318-WA, International WorkshopStructural Concrete in the Americas. He promoted the organization of five ACI student chapters in Guatemala and has been promoting the adoption and use of ACI and ASTM International standards in Guatemala since 1954, especially as a Professor of civil engineering at the University of San Carlos of Guatemala for 30 years and at the Rafael Landivar University of Guatemala for 15 years. He is also a member of ASTM Committees C01, Cement; and C09, Concrete. He has authored more than 100 technical papers and reports.
His research interests include the alkali-silica reaction of cementitious materials-aggregate combinations, the corrosion of concrete reinforcement, and the use of highperformance/high-strength concrete.
ACIs Newest Fellows
As approved by the ACI Board of Direction at the ACI Fall 2011 Convention in Cincinnati, OH, the 28 members elevated to the rank of Fellow of the American Concrete Institute are: Emilio Beltranena, Doral, FL Michael Carey Brown, Charlottesville, VA Kenneth J. Elwood, Vancouver, BC, Canada Josef Farbiarz, Medelln, Colombia Michael Christopher Forde, Edinburgh, UK Shawn P. Gross, Villanova, PA James H. Hanson, Terre Haute, IN Jin-Keun Kim, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Sue Lane, Fairfax, VA Zongjin Li, Hong Kong, China Maria del Mar Lopez de Murphy, University Park, PA Adolfo B. Matamoros, Lawrence, KS Daniel J. McCarthy, Hauppauge, NY Arthur W. McKinney, Ashland, VA Javeed A. Munshi, Frederick, MD Suzanne Dow Nakaki, Irvine, CA Michelle R. Nokken, Montreal, QC, Canada Michael J. Paul, Wilmington, DE Victor Pizano-Thomen, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Santiago Pujol, West Lafayette, IN D. V. Reddy, Boca Raton, FL Christopher J. Robinson, Orlando, FL George Michael Robinson, Rocky Mount, NC Joseph C. Sanders, Pasadena, CA J. Edward Sauter, Mount Vernon, IA Martha G. VanGeem, Mount Prospect, IL Nadim I. Wehbe, Brookings, SD Jeffrey S. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada 69
beltranena
brown
Elwood
Farbiarz
Forde
Beltranena received his BS in civil engineering from the University of San Carlos of Guatemala in 1955. He is a licensed professional engineer in Guatemala. Michael Carey Brown is an Associate Director at the Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research (VCTIR), the research division of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), Charlottesville, VA, where he has worked for the past 10 years and oversees research in the design and durability of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. He also serves as a Visiting Assistant Professor and an Adjunct Lecturer of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Virginia. He is Chair of ACI Committee 345, Concrete Bridge Construction, Maintenance, and Repair, and is a member of ACI Committees 222, Corrosion of Metals in Concrete; 228, Nondestructive Testing of Concrete; 342, Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Bridge Elements; 365, Service Life Prediction; and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343, Concrete Bridge Design. He has authored or co-authored over 40 research papers or reports. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the ASCE Structural Engineering Institute (SEI). His research interests include the design and durability of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, with particular emphasis on the preservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of highway bridges and structures. Brown received his BS, MS, and PhD in civil engineering from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, in 1991, 1999, and 2002, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in Virginia. Kenneth J. Elwood is an Associate Professor at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. He is Chair of ACI Committee 369, Seismic Repair and Rehabilitation, and a member of ACI Subcommittee 318-H, Seismic Provisions, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns. He received the ACI Chester Paul Siess Award for Excellence in Structural Research in 2007. 70
His research interests include the seismic response of existing concrete buildings. Elwood received his BASc from the University of British Columbia, his MS from the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, IL; and his PhD in civil (structural) engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, in 1993, 1995, and 2002, respectively. Josef Farbiarz has been an Associate Professor and Director of the Centre of Projects and Investigation on Seismicity at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Medelln, Medelln, Colombia, since 1993. He is a member of ACI Committee 314, Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings. He is the author of two books and numerous research papers. His research interests include structural inelastic analysis modeling, structural and nonstructural masonry earthquakeresistant behavior, and plastic design and behavior of dual systems. Farbiarz received his MS in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, in 1985. Michael Christopher Forde holds the Carillion Chair of Civil Engineering Construction at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, where he has been a faculty member for nearly 40 years. He is Chair of ACI Committee 228, Nondestructive Testing of Concrete. His research interests include nondestructive testing of concrete and other construction materials and high-speed rail trackbed. Forde received his BEng in civil engineering from the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England; his MSc in highway and traffic engineering; and his PhD in geomechanics from the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, in 1966, 1970, and 1975, respectively. He is a chartered civil and electrical engineer in the UK. Shawn P. Gross is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at
Gross
hanson
Kim
Lane
Li
Villanova University, Villanova, PA. He has served on the faculty since 1999 and is a member of the Structural Engineering Group. He is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 440-H, FRP-Reinforced Concrete; Secretary of ACI Committee 435, Deflection of Concrete Building Structures; Past Secretary and a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423, Prestressed Concrete; and a member of ACI Committees 363, High-Strength Concrete; and 440, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). His research interests include the behavior, analysis, and design of structural concrete, especially the use of fiberreinforced polymers as internal structural reinforcement, and the serviceability performance of reinforced and prestressed concrete members. He has taught structural design courses in reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and masonry at both the undergraduate and graduate levels for the past 13 years. He has authored or co-authored over 50 technical and educational papers and reports and has served as the primary research advisor to more than 20 graduate students. Gross received his BSE in civil engineering from Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, and his MSE and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, in 1993, 1995, and 1998, respectively. James H. Hanson is an Assistant Professor of civil engineering at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, IN. He has been teaching for over 11 years, including 2 years as a visiting faculty member at Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA. He received the ACI Young Member Award for Professional Achievement in 2006 and the ACI Walter P. Moore, Jr. Faculty Achievement Award in 2007. He is Chair of ACI Committee S802, Teaching Methods and Educational Materials; Secretary of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 446, Fracture Mechanics of Concrete; and a member of ACI Committee 440, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement. He is also a member of the ACI Student
and Young Professional Activities (SYPAC), Convention, and Publications Committees; the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); and ASTM International. His research interests include measuring the fracture properties of concrete and improving student learning through innovative approaches to teaching. Hanson received his BS in civil engineering from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1991. After 4 years in the military, he returned to Cornell and received his MEng and PhD in 1996 and 2000, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in New York and Indiana. Jin-Keun Kim has been a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea, since 1985. He served as Secretary of the ACI Korea Chapter from 1988 to 1989. He served as an officer and later President of the Korea Concrete Institute. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). He has authored or co-authored over 170 technical papers. Kim received his BS and MS in architectural engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, and his PhD in civil engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, in 1975, 1978, and 1985, respectively. He is a licensed structural engineer in Korea. Sue Lane is the Development and Outreach Engineer of the Long-Term Bridge Performance Program for the U.S. Department of Transportations Federal Highway Administration. She is a member of ACI Committee 239, Ultra-High Performance Concrete, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committees 343, Concrete Bridge Design, and 423, Prestressed Concrete. She is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). She has authored or co-authored over 25 technical papers and reports. Lane received her MS and BS in civil engineering from
71
Lopez de Murphy
Matamoros
Mccarthy
McKinney
Munshi
the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. She is a licensed professional engineer in Virginia. Zongjin Li is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. He is the Chief Scientist for Key National Basic Research Project #973: Basic Study on Environmentally Friendly Contemporary Concrete. He is founding President of the ACI China Chapter and serves as the Director of the chapter Board. He has authored or co-authored three technical books, including Advanced Concrete Technology and Structural Renovation in Concrete. He is an editorial board member for five international journals. He has also edited two conference proceedings and published over 300 technical papers. He was awarded three U.S. and five Chinese patentsthree of which have been developed into commercial products. His research interests include the durability of concrete; development of high-performance concrete; nondestructive testing in civil engineering (acoustic emission, infrared, and impact echo); development of advanced building products using extrusion technique; and functional materials in civil engineering. Li received his BE from Zhejiang University, Hongzhou, China, and his MS and PhD from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, in 1982, 1990, and 1993, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in Hong Kong, China. Maria del Mar Lopez de Murphy is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, where she has been on the faculty since 2003. She is a member of ACI Committees 440, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement; and 544, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 446, Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. She has served as Session Organizer and Chair at national and international conferences and as a leader of several ACI task group efforts. She is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). She received the National Science Foundation Faculty CAREER 72
Development Award and a Best Basic Research Paper Award from ASCE. Her research interests include nontraditional materials and technologies for repair and retrofit systems and new structures, specifically the use of fiber-reinforced polymer sheets or plates for retrofitting concrete structures. Lopez de Murphy received a civil engineering degree and an advanced degree in structural engineering from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, in 1993 and 1995, respectively, and her MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, in 1996 and 2000, respectively. Adolfo B. Matamoros is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. He is Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408, Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars, and ACI ad hoc Committee 423-445, Shear/Anchorage Failure in End Regions of Prestressed Members. He is a member of ACI Committees 314, Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings; 341, Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Bridges; and 369, Seismic Repair and Rehabilitation; ACI Subcommittee 314-B, Preliminary Design and Economic Impact; and Joint ACI-ASCE Committees 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns; and 445, Shear and Torsion. He has authored or co-authored over 50 technical papers and reports. His research interests include reinforced concrete columns; high-strength concrete; seismic evaluation of older reinforced concrete buildings; shear; and simulations of the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures. Matamoros received his licentiate from the University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica, and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, IL, in 1989, 1994, and 1999, respectively. Daniel J. McCarthy is Vice President of Engineering and Construction Performance at Preload, Inc., Hauppauge, NY, where he has worked since 1996. He specializes in the design and construction of large wire-wrapped prestressed
Nakaki
Nokken
Paul
Pizano-Thomen
Pujol
concrete tanks with dome roofs and their foundations. He also supervises the structural evaluation and rehabilitation design for aging prestressed tanksup to 70 years olda specialty he has been involved in since 1982. He is Chair of ACI Committee 372, Circular Concrete Structures Prestressed by Wrapping with Wire or Strand, and ACI Subcommittee 350-H, Editorial. He is a member of ACI Committees 350, Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures, and 437, Strength Evaluation; and ACI Subcommittee 350-E, Precast-Prestressed. He has authored or co-authored six technical papers. McCarthy received his BS in civil engineering from the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, and his MS in civil engineering from Columbia University, New York, NY, in 1981 and 1990, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in 31 U.S. states. Arthur W. McKinney is the Chairman of McKinney and Company, a full-service planning, engineering, architecture, testing, and construction firm he founded in 1979 with offices in Virginia and the Republic of Panama. The firm has a successful international practice in logistics centers, manufacturing facilities, data centers, and laboratories. McKinney introduced load-bearing tilt-up construction in the Republic of Panama. He is a Past Chair and member of ACI Committee 360, Design of Slabs on Ground, and a member of ACI Committees 117, Tolerances, and 302, Construction of Concrete Floors, and ACI Subcommittee, 301-G, Shrinkage Compensating Concrete and Industrial Floor Slabs. He serves as a national instructor for the ACI seminar series on Design and Construction of Slabs-on-Ground. McKinney received his BS in architectural engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, in 1965. He is a licensed professional engineer in Virginia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas, and Utah and a licensed structural engineer in Illinois. Javeed A. Munshi is Principal Engineer and Concrete Design Technical Specialist at Bechtel Power, Frederick, MD.
He has over 20 years of experience in the design, evaluation, and construction of concrete structures, including heavy industrial (fossil and nuclear) power structures, bridges, underground structures (tunnels), environmental concrete structures, and renewable power projects. He is a member of ACI Committees 307, Concrete Chimneys; 314, Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings; 349, Concrete Nuclear Structures; 350, Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures; 374, Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings; and 437, Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Structures. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). He has conducted concrete design seminars and training for ACI, contributed to seven books/design aids for concrete, and published over 60 papers. Munshi received his BS in civil engineering from the National Institute of Technology, India; his MS in earthquake engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India; and his PhD from the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, in 1984, 1989, and 1994, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in New York and Wisconsin and a licensed structural engineer in Illinois. Suzanne Dow Nakaki is Principal of the Nakaki Bashaw Group, Inc., Irvine, CA. She has been a practicing structural engineer for over 30 years, with most of her construction projects located in California. In addition, she is involved in academic research programs, working with research institutions nationwide. She is a member of ACI Subcommittee 318-H, Seismic Provisions. She is also involved with the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). Her research interests include the seismic design of precast and cast-in-place building structural systems. Nakaki received her BS in engineering and her MS in civil engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, in 1981 and 1985, respectively. She is a licensed civil and structural engineer in California and Oregon.
73
reddy
c. robinson
G. robinson
Sanders
Sauter
Michelle R. Nokken is an Associate Professor in the Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering at Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, where she has been a faculty member since 2004. She is a member of ACI Committees S803, Faculty Network Coordinating Committee; 201, Durability of Concrete; 231, Properties of Concrete at Early Ages; and 236, Material Science of Concrete. She is a Past Vice President and Board member of the ACI Ontario Chapter. She is an Associate Editor for the ASCE Journal of Materials of Civil Engineering and a member of ASTM Committees C01, Cement; and C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates. Her research interests include concrete durability, transport processes, and the development of test methods. Nokken received her BASc and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 1999 and 2004, respectively. She is a professional engineer in Ontario. Michael J. Paul is Lead Structural Engineer at Duffield Associates, Philadelphia, PA, and Wilmington, DE, where he has been involved in structural, architectural, and construction engineering on institutional, commercial, industrial, and waterfront projects since 2005. He is a Past Chair of Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics, for which he continues to edit the Notable Concrete series produced for ACI conventions and excerpted in Concrete International. He is a member of the ACI Marketing Committee and ACI Committees 120, History of Concrete; 229, Controlled Low-Strength Materials; 230, Soil Cement; 533, Precast Panels; and 555, Concrete with Recycled Materials. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), serving on the editorial panel of the Journal of Leadership and Management in Engineering, and ASTM International, serving on Committee E06, Performance of Buildings. He has contributed several articles to Concrete International on projects involving the renovation or restoration of historic concrete structures and served on the editorial panel for both volumes of 74
The Sustainable Concrete Guide, published in 2010 by the U.S. Green Concrete Council. He received his AB from Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, and his MS in civil engineering and MArch from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, in 1973 and 1981, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and six other states; a registered architect in New Jersey; and a LEED Accredited Professional in building design and construction. Victor Pizano-Thomen heads a design-build precast concrete factory in the Dominican Republic. Some of the design-build activities he has executed include precast prestressed concrete electrical transmission and electronic antenna towers and precast concrete low-cost housing. A member of ACI since 1958, he was a founding member and Past President of the ACI Dominican Republic Chapter. He has been a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 550, Precast Concrete Structures, since 1970. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). He has authored over 20 technical papers on precast concrete structures and has made five presentations at ACI conventions and numerous presentations in the Dominican Republic and Mexico on the seismic design of precast concrete structures. Pizano-Thomen received his degree in civil engineering from the University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and his MCE in civil engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, in 1957 and 1958, respectively. He is a licensed civil engineer in the Dominican Republic. Santiago Pujol is an Associate Professor at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. He is a member of ACI Committee 314, Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committees 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns; and 445, Shear and Torsion. His research interests include earthquake engineering, seismic vulnerability of existing structures, displacement-
VanGeem
Wehbe
West
based seismic design, instrumentation and testing of structures, and response of structures to impulsive loads. Pujol received his BS from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Medelln, Medelln, Colombia, and his MS and PhD from Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, in 1996, 1997, and 2002, respectively. D. V. Reddy is a Professor of civil, environmental and geomatics engineering and Director of the Center for Marine Structures and Geotechnique at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL. His professorial career exceeds 50 years, including appointments at several other universities. He is a member of ACI Committees 214, Evaluation of Results of Tests Used to Determine the Strength of Concrete; 341, Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Bridges; 544, FiberReinforced Concrete; and 549, Thin Reinforced Cementitious Products and Ferrocement. He received the ACI Singapore Chapter Award for an Outstanding and Original Paper in 2009. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). His research interests include computational and experimental structural mechanics and geomechanics; offshore and coastal structures; concrete technology, with a focus on supplementary cementitious materials; and corrosion- and fire-resistant structural concretes. Reddy received his BE in civil engineering from the University of Madras, Chennai, India; his Diploma of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK; his MS in civil engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; and his PhD in structural engineering from the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, in 1953, 1954, 1956, and 1960, respectively. Christopher J. Robinson is Executive Director of the Construction Materials Engineering Council (CMEC), a training and accreditation agency based in Orlando, FL. He is Chair of ACI Committees C601-C, Masonry Testing Technician; and C620, Laboratory Technician Certification. He is a member of ACI Committees C610, Field Technician Certification; C630, Construction Inspector
Certification; C631, Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector Certification; and E905, Training Programs. He serves as an examiner for ACI certification programs in Florida and throughout the Caribbean. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International and serves on ASTM Committees C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates; C12, Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry; C15, Manufactured Masonry Units; and E36, Accreditation and Certification. His research interests include training and certification of testing personnel and working to ensure the continued advancement of testing and inspection agencies in the areas of quality system development and accreditation. Robinson received his BS and MS in civil engineering from the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, in 1992 and 2000, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in Florida. George Michael Robinson has been eastern region Territory Manager and Senior Technical Consultant for the Carolina Stalite Company in Rocky Mount, NC, for 25 years. He is a member of ACI Committees 117, Tolerances; 211, Proportioning Concrete Mixtures; 213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete; 301, Specifications for Concrete; and 302, Construction of Concrete Floors. His research interests include internal curing with lightweight aggregate. Robinson received his BA in business management from Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, in 1975. Joseph C. Sanders is the Senior Vice President of Operations for Charles Pankow Builders, Ltd., a general building contractor specializing in concrete buildings based in Pasadena, CA, with offices in San Francisco and Honolulu. He serves on the ACI Board of Direction and the ACI Strategic Development Council (SDC) Board of Directors. He is Chair of the ACI Concrete Research Council (CRC), the ACI Foundation, and the SDC Technology Management Committee (TMC). He is a member of the SDC Technology Transfer Advisory Group (TTAG); the ACI Construction
75
Liaison Committee, the Responsibility in Construction Committee, and the Marketing Committee; ACI Committee 131, Building Information Modeling of Concrete Structures; and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 550, Precast Concrete Structures. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). He was involved in the development and application of the precast hybrid moment resistant frame. His research interests include new technologies. Sanders received his BS in civil engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, in 1979. J. Edward Sauter has been Executive Director of the Tilt-Up Concrete Association and the Concrete Foundations Association for 20 years. He is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 332-E, Residential Concrete Above-Grade Walls; is Secretary and Past Chair of ACI Committee C650, Tilt-Up Constructor Certification; is a member and Past Chair of ACI Committees 332, Residential Concrete Work, and 551, Tilt-Up Concrete Construction; and is a member of ACI Subcommittee 130-G, Education/Certification. He received the ACI Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished Service Award in 2005 and the ACI Certification award in 2008. Sauter received his BArch from Iowa State University, Ames, IA, in 1972. He is a licensed professional architect in Iowa and is National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) certified. Martha G. VanGeem is self-employed as a Principal Engineer of Building Science and Green Technologies, Mount Prospect, IL. She serves as a Project Principal Investigator and Specialized Consultant in the areas of green buildings and infrastructure, energy efficiency, energy codes, thermal mass, and moisture mitigation. She has investigated moisture problems and performed energy analyses and testing for numerous concrete steeland wood-framed buildings. In the area of sustainability, she serves as Principal Investigator on LEED projects and others; she has developed environmental life-cycle inventories (LCIs) and life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of cement, concrete, and other construction products. She is a member of ACI Committees 130, Sustainability of Concrete; and 207, Mass Concrete; and Joint ACI-TMS Committees 122, Energy Efficiency of Concrete and Masonry Systems; and 216, Fire Resistance and Fire Protection of Structures. She is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International. She presents on various aspects of green buildings and has authored over 100 articles, technical papers, and publications. VanGeem received her BS in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, and her MBA from the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 76
in 1976 and 1981, respectively. She is a licensed professional engineer in Illinois and a LEED Accredited Professional. Nadim I. Wehbe is a Professor of civil and environmental engineering at South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, where he joined the faculty in January 1998. He was instrumental in establishing the Lohr Structures Laboratory for large-scale testing of structural elements and assemblies at SDSU. He serves as the SDSU Program Director of the Mountain-Plains Consortium University Transportation Center. He is Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns, and a member of ACI Committees S803, Faculty Network Coordinating Committee; 341, EarthquakeResistant Concrete Bridges; and 342, Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Bridge Elements. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), a founding member of the ASCE-SEI Technical Group in South Dakota, and a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). His research interests include the performance of concrete bridges under extreme loads, structural applications of self-consolidating concrete, composite concrete/lightgauge steel structures, and durability of concrete pavement. Wehbe received his BE in civil engineering from the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Nevada, Reno, NV, in 1980, 1992, and 1997, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in South Dakota. Jeffrey S. West is an Associate Professor and Associate Chair of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. He is also the Associate Director, Technical Activities, for the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT) at Waterloo. He has been involved with structural engineering, materials research, and consulting for 20 years. He is Chair of ACI Committee 224, Cracking, and a member of ACI Committees 130, Sustainability of Concrete; 222, Corrosion of Metals in Concrete; and 437, Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Structures. His research interests include the use of recycled materials in concrete, accelerated bridge construction, assessment and repair of deteriorated concrete infrastructure, and automated construction progress tracking. He has authored more than 60 technical publications for refereed journals, reports, and conferences. West received his BSc and MSc in civil engineering from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, and his PhD in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, in 1991, 1994, and 1999, respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario and Texas (inactive).
Products &
Taper-Lock Form Saver
Practice
Dayton Superiors Taper-Lock Form Saver, a taperthreaded mechanical splicing system, combines the companys Dowel Bar, Dowel-In Splicing System, and Taper-Lock technologies. The flanged coupling units in this system are forged from ASTM A615 or ASTM A706 deformed reinforcing bar material and are available in sizes No. 4 through 11 (13 to 36 mm). To install, the flange is attached to formwork through any of the four predrilled holes. Once the form has been removed, a D370 Taper-Lock threaded bar can be manually screwed into the coupling until tight. Dayton Superior www.daytonsuperior.com
Bosch Sandwich Tuckpointing Diamond Blade
Boschs new tuckpointing blades combine tall segments with an efficient sandwich blade design to create a long-lasting blade that is capable of grinding more surface area than other blades. These eightsegment blades are made exclusively for dry tuckpointing applications and come in 4.5 and 5 in. (115 and 125 mm) diameters. Each blade is 0.25 in. (6 mm) wide and cutting depths range from 0.75 in. (19 mm) on the 4.5 in. blade to 1.25 in. (31 mm) on the 5 in. blade. Typical applications include mortar removal in brick buildings and grout removal in commercial tile applications. Bosch Tools www.boschtools.com
Dust Collecting Cutting Guards
Makita released two new dust extraction solutions for use with their 4.5 to 5 in. (115 to 125 mm) grinders. The new Dust Collecting Guards are engineered for improved dust containment and use with commercial-grade vacuum systems. The guard is made from cast aluminum, weighing 0.45 lb (0.2 kg), and features a large lip for stable plunging, a slim design for multiple uses, and a direct-connection dust port for use with most commercial vacuum hoses. A guard is also available with a large shoe for greater stability and accuracy and includes a hose adapter. Makita www.makitatools.com
Information on the items reported in Products & Practice is furnished by the product manufacturers, suppliers, or developers who are responsible for the accuracy of the information. Also, the descriptions of these items do not represent endorsement by this magazine, by the American Concrete Institute, or any of its staff. They are published here simply as a service to our readers.
77
Products & Practice

GWT Vibratory Weigh Scale Packers
GWT grid-top, vibratory weigh scale packers from Cleveland Vibrator Company provide a complete solution for filling, weighing, compacting, and conveying containers of bulk solids with capacities as high as 4000 lb (1800 kg). Available in mild or stainless steel, these packers mount below conveyor rollers, allowing containers to be transported directly onto its grid top deck. The GWT packer is designed to eliminate the need to manually move containers as it lifts each container to the appropriate height while running the needed vibration cycle. They are available in a range of deck configurations and some models include digital scale instruments. Cleveland Vibrator Company www.clevelandvibrator.com
Proceq launched Pundit Lab+ as the latest addition to the Pundit family of concrete testing instruments. New features have been added to expand the capabilities of the original Pundit Lab. Pundit Lab+ includes compressive strength measurement (in-place estimation) using various methods of testing to increase accuracy; an integrated amplifier; a time stamp on every measurement; results on display, without needing a computer; and improved and extended transducer range to include shear wave transducers for testing Poissons ratio and modulus of elasticity. Pundit Lab+ also includes the Windows-based Pundit Link software for added features when using the equipment with a computer. Proceq www.proceq.com
Pundit Lab+
Chicago Pneumatic Tampers
Chicago Pneumatic Tampers range in weight from 137 to 185 lb (62 to 84 kg) and provide centrifugal force from about 3000 to 4800 lb (14.8 to 21.4 kN). Driven by Honda engines, the MS 620 and MS 680 both offer power most often found on larger machines. The MS 840, the largest and strongest in Chicago Pneumatics line, has the best compaction ability and runs on a Hatz diesel engine. All feature interchangeable plates (9 in. [229 mm] on the smaller models; 11 in. [280 mm] on all others), a strong metal frame, and efficient shock absorbers. Chicago Pneumatic www.cp.com
Infrasense Combines Testing Equipment for Better Results
Infrasense, Inc., completed subsurface investigations for 21 bridge decks in southwest Wisconsin using a suite of nondestructive testing equipment, including ground-penetrating radar (GPR), infrared thermography, and impact echo. The tests provided a condition assessment of the reinforced concrete bridge decks without requiring any cores or exposed reinforcing bars and with minimal interruption of traffic flow. The company uses GPR to estimate the depth of reinforcing bars and to identify corrosiona strong reflection indicates good deck condition, whereas weak or inconsistent reflections suggest deterioration. Infrared data creates image that can confirm the presence of delamination in decks without overlays and impact echo testing can detect it in thicker concrete or where the reinforcing bars are farther from the surface. Many agencies use only one of these methods, but Infrasense has found that using the combination leads to more accurate results. Infrasense, Inc. www.infrasense.com
78
Products & Practice

Web Notes
James Instruments Launches Spanish Web Site
James Instruments Inc., a leader in nondestructive testing equipment, launched their Spanish-language Web site to accommodate their customers and distributors in Latin America and other parts of the Spanish-speaking world. The company launched a new site in 2010 as a step toward strengthening its brand identity. Now, with the Spanish site, it aims to increase its brand connections with Spanish-speaking customers and be able to provide its services to professionals across Latin America in their native language. To access the Web site, visit espanol.ndtjames.com. James Instruments, Inc. www.ndtjames.com
by Karen Lee Hansen and Kent E. Zenobia To succeed and be competitive, civil engineers must build on their traditional strengths in technology and science as well as skills in management, teamwork, ethics, leadership, and communication. These skills have been defined as essential to the successful practice of civil engineering by the ASCE Body of Knowledge (BOK) Task Force. Civil Engineers Handbook of Professional Practice takes the practical skills defined by the ASCE BOK and provides techniques, quotes, case examples, problems, and information to assist the reader in addressing the challenges facing civil engineers in the real world. This book is a complete guide for professional civil engineers, and students. Coverage includes: the 24 skills necessary for the practice of civil engineering and defined by the 2008 ASCE BOK; proven methods for balancing speed, quality, and price in a client-oriented profession; guidance on balancing career goals, life outside work, compensation, and growth; hundreds of drawings, charts, and feature boxes; and a glossary and instructors guide to assist with in-class use and instruction. The Civil Engineers Handbook of Professional Practice is appropriate for both academia and industry professionals. Used as a textbook, it is intended for junior-, senior-, and graduate-level students. Additionally, the book is a helpful reference for practicing civil engineers, covering everything from the challenge of sustainability to the rigors of problem recognition and solving. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Web site: www.wiley.com price: $135; 744 pp.; ISBN: 9780470438411
Book Notes
Civil Engineers Handbook of Professional Practice
The Construction Industry Podcast, produced by Remontech, Inc., is designed to provide valuable content to construction professionals looking to enhance their careers or businesses. Episodes cover a range of topics, including construction management, marketing, safety, green building, and education, along with insights from a variety of customers, partners, and industry analysts and interviews on the latest trends in the construction sector. This is an effort to share what Remontech has learned during 10 years of experience in the construction industry. Cesar Abeid, Project Manager at Remontech, brings the audience fresh perspectives and tips, as well as opportunities for the listener to learn about new technologies and ways to enhance their careers and businesses in the construction sector. The podcast can be found at www.constructionindustrypodcast.com, where users can choose to listen to it online or download it to their computer audio software or MP3 player. Listeners can also subscribe via iTunes, BlackBerry Podcasts, or by e-mail. Remontech www.remontech.com
Products&Service Literature&Videos
Remontech Launches the Construction Industry Podcast
79
Product
Showcase
AmeriPolish OS
Decorative concrete Products

The new AmeriPolish OS suite of products brings color and polish to self-leveling overlays. The system consists of five products: AmeriPolish OS Integral Color, engineered for mixing into fast-curing polishable overlays; AmeriPolish OS Dyes, in 12 colors, that penetrate into dense overlay surfaces; AmeriPolish OS Densifier, offering deep-penetration hardening and containing UV stabilizers to protect color; AmeriPolish WB OS Stain Protector, to protect floors; and AmeriPolish OS Cleaner, formulated to clean floors while maintaining gloss. American Decorative Concrete www.ameripolish.com
Nonadhesive Stencils
Artcretes nonadhesive concrete stencils create the look of stamped concrete without the expense. When combined with the use of colored concrete hardener, the stencil can be placed on fresh concrete, impressed into the surface, treated, and then successfully removed. The stencils come in 21 designs and can also be used with decorative concrete overlays; an adhesive-backed stencil is available for use with trowel-applied coatings or when finishing a vertical surface. Artcrete, Inc. www.artcrete.com
Kraft Tool Co.s Squeegee Trowel comes in various blade sizes from 12 to 26 in. (300 to 660 mm) and features a lightweight ergonomic handle. This tools flexible blade is ideal for smoothing coatings in new construction, overlays, and concrete dcor or restoration. Kraft Tool Co. www.KraftTool.com
Squeegee Trowel
BELLATRIX
BELLATRIX concrete protection, from W.R. Meadows, is an environmentally friendly, VOC-compliant floor sealer. Dual-action technology provides both penetrating and film-forming concrete protection and is designed for use on previously sealed, stained, or dyed surfaces. BELLATRIX may also be used wherever a durable, high-gloss surface is desired. W.R. Meadows, Inc. www.wrmeadows.com
80
Product Showcase
LIFETIME Primer
LIFETIME Primer is a proprietary epoxy primer formulated to wick deep into concrete, creating an adhesion bond to protect overlayments from failures caused by moisture vapor emission. The primer bonds to damp or dry concrete and usually dries within 4 hours. LIFETIME can withstand up to 8 lb (3.6 kg) of pressure from moisture vapor emission. Versatile Building Products www.decorativeconcretesystem.com
Duet Colors
Lythic Solutions Duet Colors can be combined with the companys Lythic Densifier to speed the process of coloring and polishing concrete. Available in 25 colors, the water-based dyes are designed to be mixed with Lythic Densifier to bond the color right into the concrete, making colors bolder and eliminating a step in concrete preparation. Lythic Solutions, Inc. www.lythic.net
Masons Select Products
Masons Select Products are ideal for exterior surfaces and most are made to resist stains. including dirt, auto fluids, and hot-tire pickup. Transparent Acrylic Concrete Stain penetrates concrete to increase performance and is available in 10 colors. Clear Acrylic Concrete Sealers work well on bare concrete and masonry, and can be used over acrylicand acid-based stains. Epoxacryl Solid Color Concrete Stain offers the durability of epoxy with the easy application of latex and comes in five colors that can be mixed. Decorative Color Flakes/Chips can be used with the Epoxacryl stain to enhance concrete and come in three colors. Duckback Products www.superdeck.com
SpecChem Signature Sealers
SpecChem offers a wide line of protective coatings for concrete. Among them, Crystal Shine is a lacquer sealer developed for interior and exterior applications, including decorative surfaces, that provides a durable clear film. Aqua Shine is a water-based methacrylate cure and sealer for surfaces such as exposed aggregate, natural stone, brick, and other concrete surfaces and offers high-gloss protection from deicing salts, oils, and chemicals. SpecChem LLC www.specchemllc.com
81
American Society of Concrete Contractors

Position Statement #39
concrete Floor Slabs on cambered Structural Steel

AISC specifications indicate that a measured camber ranging from 3/4 to 1-1/2 in. for a 40-ft-long beam is acceptable if the construction documents specify a 1 in. camber. Camber measurements are taken in the shop in the unstressed condition and there is likely to be a loss in camber, perhaps 25%, as a result of transporting the steel from the shop to the site. AISC states: All parties involved should meet and agree upon the best approach for the project. Do not promise the owner a perfectly flat floorcambering is not an exact science. Even for a design executed perfectly, there will be variations in floor elevation. Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary requires a minus thickness tolerance of 1/4 in. and allows for a specified flatness tolerance. It does not, however, include an elevation or levelness tolerance. AISC states that for a typical office building, it is preferable to have a small amount of camber remain (about 1/2 in.) after placing the slab to accommodate some superimposed dead load and live load. ASCC concrete contractors will place floors within the ACI 117 slab thickness tolerance of 1/4 in. when the engineer specifies cambered steel beams. ASCC contractors agree with AISC that with cambered steel beams, even with perfectly executed design and construction, there will be variations in the floor elevation. If you have any questions, contact your ASCC concrete contractor or the ASCC Technical Hotline at (800) 331-0668.
American Society of Concrete Contractors 2025 S. Brentwood Blvd., Suite 105 St. Louis, MO 63144 Telephone: (314) 962-0210; Fax: (314) 968-4367 Web site: www.ascconline.org; E-mail: ascc@ascconline.org
oncrete floors placed on metal decking are often supported by unshored cambered structural steel beams. The objectives of this steel-concrete system are to obtain a level floor and a slab thickness within tolerances as the fresh concrete is placed and screeded on the metal decking supported by the cambered steel beams. To accomplish these objectives requires the dead load deflection of the concrete to offset the induced camber in the steel beam. If these do not offset, the finished concrete floor elevation may be too high or too low. The economical use of cambered steel beams is considered standard practice (Economical Use of Cambered Steel Beams by Larson and Huzzard, AISC, Conference Proceedings, 2003) and requires the concrete contractor to place a constant slab thickness, within tolerances, that provides the dead load deflection to offset the design engineers specified camber. However, there is no exact science for either specifying or providing the required amount of camber. Specifying Camber by Downey, AISC, Modern Steel Construction, July 2006, and Economy in Steel, by Carter et al., AISC, Modern Steel Construction, April 2000, include the following guidelines for designers specifying camber in steel beams: Dont specify camber for spandrel beams, beams with lengths less than 24 ft, or beams with cantilevers or beams in moment frames. Dont specify camber of less than 3/4 in. Dont overspecify camber. Consider specifying 2/3 to 3/4 of the calculated camber.
This position statement from the American Society of Concrete Contractors is presented for reader interest by the editors. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the American Concrete Institute. Reader comment is invited.
82
Industry
Focus
First ICF Military Barracks
A Better House, Inc., won the bid to construct the first insulated concrete form (ICF) military barracks at Fort Campbell, KY. Contracted through Archer Western Contractors Ltd., A Better House began their portion of the project, the exterior, in September 2011. When completed, the barracks will feature a three-story building measuring 284 x 124 ft (87 x 38 m) and a two-story building measuring 265 x 122 ft (81 x 37 m). This is the first building designed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers using ICF, which was chosen due to its strength and thickness, allowing for safer barracks. the need to check grade, which increases site safety and decreases labor costs.
Three-Company BIM Agreement
The Haskell Company recently completed a parking garage for the University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. The 402,000 ft2 (37,300 m2) garage has 1326 parking spaces and is designed to match the surrounding campus buildings. Located near the universitys sports facilities, it provides extra parking for the schools growing student population, as well as saving the university money by including storm- and water-management features. Haskell received an Excellence in Construction Award for the project from the Florida First Coast Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors in the Infrastructure Heavy Category, an honor recognizing outstanding construction projects around the U.S.
Haskell Completes Award-Winning Parking Garage
Obayashi Corporation announced that it has signed an agreement on the joint development of a BIM cloudcomputing platform with NEC Corporation and GRAPHISOFT. The goal of the agreement is to provide technology leadership for Obayashi through integrated building information modeling workflows and companywide BIM-based information sharing. Obayashi has been working on reforming the use of BIM among the design, construction, and building operation functions within their company, and using GRAPHISOFTs BIM Server technology will help them achieve seamless information sharing. Obayashi hopes that by implementing this technology on a company-wide scale, they will allow their customers to have easier and faster access to project information as well as streamline communication for their employees.
Agile Frameworks Signs New Client for New Software
New Member of AltusGroup
International Precast Solutions LLC, from River Rouge, MI, has become the 14th precaster to join AltusGroup, a partnership between several precast companies and Chomarat North America LLC. Insulated Precast Solutions is a member of The Prestressed Group, a provider of customized precast solutions across the northeastern U.S. and into Canada. The company will be licensed to sell the CarbonCast precast technology, which uses Chomarats C-GRID carbon-fiber grid as secondary and shear reinforcing. Equipment Today magazine included the Leica Power Digger 2D in its 2011 Contractors Top 50 Products list. The list, which appeared in their September 2011 issue, includes the latest and most up-to-date products on the market. Leica Geosystems considers inclusion in the list an honor and a testament to their commitment to developing best-in-class products. The Leica PowerDigger 2D system attaches to excavators and consists of three inclinometer sensors that allow machine operators to see the position of the excavator arm via in-cab display in real time, reducing
Agile Frameworks, LLC, has signed Froehling & Robertson, Inc. (F&R), as a new client for its MetaField field information management system. F&R, of Richmond, VA, chose the software after a lengthy search for a product that did not exist until MetaField was released. They expect it to decrease the amount of time it takes to perform tests and distribute the results to their customers, as well as ensure the accuracy of said tests. MetaField is designed for engineering firms and their field techniciansthose specializing in geotechnical, environmental, nondestructive engineering, and construction materials testingto perform on-site data collection and includes mobile functionality to increase the speed of this process.
Leica Product Makes Top 50 List
Upcoming Themes
AprilRepair & Renovation MayConcrete in Extreme Environments JuneFormwork
For advertising details, contact Jeff Rhodes Phone: (410) 584-8487 e-mail: concrete@networkmediapartners.com
83
calls for
Papers
Reinforced Concrete Columns with HighStrength Concrete and Steel Reinforcement
Meeting: Technical session on Reinforced Concrete Columns with High-Strength Concrete and Steel Reinforcement at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, in Toronto, ON, Canada. ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns, is the sponsor of this session. Solicited: Practicing engineers increasingly favor the use of highstrength concrete and reinforcement in their design. This is especially true for high-rise building projects, where the usable space can be increased when column size is significantly reduced in lower floors. However, the use of very high-strength materials is currently limited by ACI and in many parts of the world, specifically in high-seismic regions. The main objective of this session and special publication is to present results from recent research studies and examples of practical applications and use of high-strength concrete and steel reinforcement in recent projects. Requirements: Each speaker will deliver a 20- to 30-minute presentation during the session. A special publication is planned, so speakers willing to author papers will be given priority. Deadlines: Abstracts are due by March 6, 2012; final papers are due by September 19, 2012. Send to: Halil Sezen, Ohio State University, telephone: (614) 292-1338, e-mail: sezen.1@osu.edu. Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, Toronto, ON, Canada; sponsored by ACI Committee 223, ShrinkageCompensating Concrete. Solicited: The goal of this session is to provide a forum to discuss the development, present use, and future of shrinkage-compensating concrete. Papers and presentations related to the history, experimental findings, and construction practices related to shrinkage-compensating concrete are invited. Each speaker will deliver a 20- to 30-minute presentation during the session. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 500 words maximum. Deadlines: Abstracts are due by March 12, 2012; final papers are due by August 20, 2012. Send to: Chris Ramseyer, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd, Room 334, Norman, OK 73019; telephone: (405) 406-2330; fax: (405) 325-4217; e-mail: ramseyer@ou.edu. on conference topics can be found at www.spin.bam.de/en/accta_2013/ index.htm. Requirements: Interested presenters are invited to send a 300-word abstract by e-mail. Deadline: Abstracts are due by March 15, 2012. Send to: Lubica Korac, Secretary, e-mail: info-spin@bam.de.
UHPC Experience and Developments
Cement and Concrete Technology in Africa
Shrinkage-Compensating ConcretePast, Present, and Future
Meeting: Technical session on Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete Past, Present, and Future at the ACI
Meeting: International Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete Technology in Africa (ACCTA 2013), January 28-30, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa. Solicited: Conference themes will include, but are not limited to, state-of-the-art of concrete technology in developing countries, characterization of cementitious materials, innovative use of concrete and high-performance concrete, natural materials and innovative technologies for construction, durability and structural evaluation of concrete structures, and concrete technology for sustainability and energy efficiency. More information
Meeting: Technical sessions on UHPC Experience and Developments at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, Toronto, ON, Canada; sponsored by ACI Committees 234, Silica Fume in Concrete; 239, Ultra-High Performance Concrete; and 363, High-Strength Concrete. Solicited: 20-minute presentations on the status of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), use in practice, experience, and future developments are invited. The presentation topics can include materials, design, execution, and operation experience. Discussions of innovative methods for materials design, new component materials, design of UHPC, and construction are welcomed. Durability, service life, and sustainability aspects also can be covered. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 200 words. Deadline: Abstracts are due by March 30, 2012. Send to: Per Fidjestl, Elkem AS Silicon Materials, e-mail: per.fidjestol@ elkem.no.
Engineering a Concrete Future
Meeting: International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) Symposium, April 22-24, 2013, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Solicited: The symposium theme
84
Calls for Papers: Submission Guidelines

We recommend that notices of calls for papers be submitted to Concrete International at least 9 months (or sooner) prior to the prospective sessions. This timetable generally allows publishing of the notification in three issues of the magazine. Please send meeting information, papers/presentations being solicited, abstract requirements, and deadline, along with full contact information to: Keith A. Tosolt, Managing Editor, Concrete International, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington hills, MI 48333-9094; fax: (248) 848-3150; e-mail: Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org. Visit www.callforpapers.concrete.org for more information.
calls for Papers

is Engineering a Concrete Future: Technology, Modeling, and Construction. Topics will include advanced and innovative cementitious materials and concrete, constitutive modeling of cementitious and composite materials, design concepts and structural modeling, punching and shear, challenges in bridge engineering, concrete structures under seismic and extreme loads, pioneering structures and construction methods, and structural aspects of tunnel construction and design. Requirements: Submit abstracts of up to 200 words via one of the links at www.fib2013tel-aviv.co.il, either at Important Dates or Call for Papers. Deadline: Abstracts are due by April 2, 2012. Contact: Conference secretariat, e-mail: fib2013@ortra.com.
Analysis and Design Issues in LiquidContaining Structures
Assessment and Upgrading of Infrastructure
Meeting: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Spring Conference, Assessment, Upgrading, and Refurbishment of Infrastructures, May 6-8, 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Solicited: Conference themes include load-carrying capacity and remaining service life of bridges, tunnels, and maritime structures; assessment of structural condition; modernization and refurbishment, including change of use, transformation or conservation, and structures of historic and architectural value; and materials and products. Requirements: Submit abstracts online at www.iabse2013rotterdam. nl/abstracts. Deadline: Abstracts are due by April 15, 2012. Contact: IABSE Spring Conference 2013, Kruisplein 40, 3012CC Rotterdam, the Netherlands; telephone: +(31) 6-53403276.
Meeting: Technical session on Analysis and Design Issues in Liquid-Containing Structures at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, in Toronto, ON, Canada; sponsored by ACI Committee 350, Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures. Solicited: Papers on the latest analytical procedures, experimental findings, and construction practice issues related to liquid-containing structures are invited. Topics will include crack and leakage control criteria under hydrostatic and seismic loading, simplified and efficient design procedures, design code-related issues, and liquid-structure interaction effects. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 500 words maximum. Deadline: Abstracts are due by May 30, 2012. Send to: Reza Kianoush, Ryerson University, e-mail: kianoush@ryerson.ca.
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by May 31, 2012; full papers are due by September 12, 2012. Send to: iccs13@ics-inc.co.jp.
Notable Concrete in Toronto and Vicinity
International Conference on Concrete Sustainability

Meeting: International Conference on Concrete Sustainability (ICCS13), May 27-29, 2013, Tokyo, Japan; organized by the Japan Concrete Institute and cosponsored by fib, ACI, and RILEM. Solicited: The main conference topics include environmental impact reduction technologies; sustainability aspects in durability; environmental design, evaluation, and systems; social and economic aspects of concrete construction; and case studies of sustainable concrete materials and structures. Requirements: Abstracts of 300 to 400 words are invited. More information on submittal of abstracts can be found at www.jci-iccs13.jp.
Document: Compendium of notable concrete in Toronto and vicinity for publication at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention in Toronto, ON, Canada, October 21-25, 2012; compiled by ACI Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics, and cosponsored by the ACI Ontario Chapter. Document will also be available as an electronic file on the ACI Web site. Solicited: Image and brief description of notable concretecast-in-place, precast, post-tensioned, masonry, or tilt-upin all types of uses: buildings, monuments, pavement, silos, bridges, crypts, furniture, retaining walls, tanks, sculpture, culverts, plazas, and whatever else has caught your attention. Significance may be historical, aesthetic, functional, structural, constructionrelated, unusual use or application, or simply personal affection. Requirements: 1) Name and location of submission; 2) image (photograph, drawing, or sketch) that is not copyrighted; 3) brief description that establishes significance and lists credits; and 4) submitters name, title, organization, and contact information. Location information should be sufficient to enable discovery by reader. Submit all information in electronic format: image as JPEG or TIFF file at least 1 MB (but no more than 4 MB); text in e-mail or as MS Word document (100 words maximum). Deadline: Submissions are due by July 1, 2012. Send to: Michael J. Paul, Duffield Associates, 211 North 13th Street, Suite 704, Philadelphia, PA 19107; telephone: (215) 545-7295; e-mail: mpaul@duffnet.com. 85
Public
Discussion
No ACI draft standards are currently open for public discussion. To see a summary of all ACI draft standards in process or recently completed, please visit the ACI Web site at www.discussion.concrete.org.
Public Discussion and Closure of Specification for Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays (ACI 548.4)
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved the draft standard subject to satisfactory committee response to TAC comments in March 2010. The committee responded adequately to TACs comments and all balloting rules were adhered to. On August 17, 2010, the Standards Board granted approval to release the draft standard for public discussion and to process it as an ACI standard. Public discussion was announced on October 1, 2010, and closed on November 17, 2010. The committee responded to the public discussion. TAC reviewed the closure and approved it on July 13, 2011. The Standards Board approved publication of the ACI standard on December 13, 2011. The public discussion and the committees response to the discussion are available on ACIs Web site, www.concrete.org (click on Technical on the menu bar, and then on Upcoming Standards).
Public Discussion and Closure of Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases (ACI 376-10) and Commentary
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved the draft standard subject to satisfactory committee response to TAC comments in March 2009. The committee responded adequately to TACs comments and all balloting rules were adhered to. On February 17, 2010, the Standards Board granted approval to release the draft standard for public discussion and to process it as an ACI standard. Public discussion was announced on March 1, 2010, and closed on March 17, 2010. The committee responded to the public discussion. TAC reviewed the closure and approved it on October 26, 2011. The Standards Board approved publication of the ACI standard on November 28, 2011. The public discussion and the committees response to the discussion are available on ACIs Web site, www.concrete.org (click on Technical on the menu bar, and then on Upcoming Standards).
Earn CEUs from the comfort and privacy of your home, office, or anywhere!
ACI offers an easy-to-use online CEU program for anyone that needs to earn Continuing Education credits. ACI members can take up to eight courses FREE of charge per membership year. Nonmembers and members that have used all of their free courses can purchase courses for $25. Each course includes a 10-question exam. Participants must register and login to the ACI Web site. Once registered, users can download and study resource materials that the exams are keyed to. After the exam is passed, ACI issues a certificate of completion for presentation to local licensing agencies. Check it out now! For details go to: www.concrete.org/education/edu_online_CEU.htm The following are some of the courses that have recently been added to the program:
The Contractors Guide to Quality Concrete Construction, Chapter 8, Joints and Reinforcement for Slabs-on-Ground; The Contractors Guide to Quality Concrete Construction, Chapter 10, Concrete Placement and Finishing; and SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, Chapter 10, Using the Forms.
In addition, the program includes courses on the following topics:

Cracking; Slabs; Foundations; Aggregates; Reinforcement; Cementitious materials; Admixtures; Repair; Shoring; Test Reports; Shotcrete; and Formwork.
86
Sinopsis en espaol
87
bookshelf
Publications Order Form
No./Item/Price* ____ MCP12PACK.CI $799.50
($499.00 ACI members)
Please feel free to copy this form ACI, Member/Customer Services, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington hills, MI 48333-9094, USA Phone: 248-848-3800; Fax: 248-848-3801; Web: www.concrete.org No./Item/Price* ____ MCPCD12.CI $681.50
No./Item/Price* ____ MCPCD12PACK.CI $1185.50

____ PICP.CI $36.00

(No discounts on industry publications)
____ 318-11.CI $192.50

Please send me a free copy of the 2012 ACI Publications & Services Catalog Please send me ACI Membership information
DATE NAME TITLE
PLEASE TyPE OR PRINT
SUBTOTAL
Shipping/handling charges (see below) Canadian residents add 5% GST (126213149RT) Michigan residents add 6% sales tax (U.S. Funds)
COMPANY ADDRESS CITY ZIP/POSTAL CODE E-MAIL COUNTRY STATE/PROVINCE PHONE FAX
ToTAL
MEMbER REFEREnCE nUMbER - Required for Member Rate
Charge to my ACI Account (Members Only) Check enclosed #
The following shipping and handling charges apply to all orders:

Do not duplicate telephone / FAX orders by mail. Offers expire December 31, 2012.
Charge my Visa MasterCard

EXP. DATE
ACCOUNT NUMBER order Amount Up To:

less than $25 $25 - 49.99 $50.00 - 99.99 $100 - 149.99 $150 - 199.99 $200 - 249.99 $250 - 349.99 $350 - 699.99 $700 - 1500 Must Ship U.S. Standard
U.S. Media (book) Mail (3-4 weeks)

$8.00 $9.00 $11.00
U.S. Standard (7-10 bus. days)

$9.00 $11.00 $13.00 15% 12% 11% 10% 9% 8%
Canada & International Airmail

27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27%
SIGNATURE
CD-RoM orders Per Item: U.S. Standard = $9.00 Canada/Mexico Air = $10.00 All Other Intl. Air = $15.00 Other ship methodsPlease call ACI
Please contact ACI Member/Customer Services Department for purchase over $1500 or for expedited delivery rates.
For faster service - order by telephone or fax! Phone: 248-848-3800; Fax: 248-848-3801
88
Whats
New
2012 Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP) Permeable Interlocking Concrete The American Concrete Institutes 2012 Manual of Pavements Manual (PICP)
Concrete Practice contains 220 ACI committee standards and reports. ACIs Manual of Concrete Practice is the most comprehensive concrete reference set available. It contains all of the widely used ACI concrete and masonry code requirements, specifications, guides, and reports. Additionally, it includes information about code requirements, deflection, cracking, durability problems, temperature control, nondestructive testing, and hundreds of other topics. A complete listing of publications included in the 2012 edition and additional optional formats, including online subscription, multi-user license, and more is available at www.concrete.org or by calling (248) 848-3800.
Format Order Code Price $799.50 (ACI members $499.00) $681.50 (ACI members $409.00)
Manual of Concrete Practice, 7-volume MCP12PACK.CI set + index Manual of Concrete MCPCD12.CI Practice, (CD-ROM) (Available soon)
Published by Interlocking Concrete Pavement Association With over 60 color illustrations, figures, and tables, this updated fourth edition (published in 2011) draws from a wealth of current permeable pavement research on stormwater management, structural design, and performance. The manual is a key resource for design professionals, plus stormwater and transportation government agency staff who support low-impact development and green streets/ infrastructure using permeable pavement. The edition is divided into five chapters: Overview; Design Contexts, Overview and Guidelines; PICP Design; Construction; and Maintenance. Considerable discussion and research references are drawn upon regarding surface infiltration rates, especially when sediment enters the stone-filled joins/openings. Order Code: PICP.CI Pages: 92 Price: $36 (no discount on industry publications)
Manual of Concrete $1185.50 Practice, hard copy MCPCD12PACK.CI (ACI members $711.00) and CD-ROM
Whats
coming
Spring 2012
Guide to a Simplified Design for Reinforced Concrete BuildingsACI 314R-11 Report on Grouting Between Foundations and Bases for Support of Equipment and MachineryACI 351.1R-12 Guide for Design of Slab-Column Connections in Monolithic Concrete StructuresACI 352.1R-11 Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels ACI 533R-11 Guide to Design, Manufacture, and Installation of Concrete PilesACI 543R-12
Discover YOUR Opportunity.

Whether you are looking for a new job or just want to keep an eye on whats out there, the ACI Career Center offers promising positions in your industry. With hundreds of employers looking to find qualified candidates, post your resume today on the ACI Career Center!
EXPAND JOB SEARCH FIND RELEVANT JOBS POST RESUME FOR FREE GAIN MORE EXPOSURE
ACIsCareerCenter
www.concrete.org
89
Meetings
2012 March 5-6 29-31
10th International Conference on Multi-Purpose High-Rise Towers and Tall Buildings, Abu Dhabi, UAE www.ifhs2012.com 2012 CUEE Conference, Tokyo, Japan www.cuee.titech.ac.jp/Conference_ 2012/index.htm International Symposium on Ultra-High-Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology for HighPerformance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany www.hipermat.de The 2nd International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering, Surakarta, Indonesia sipil.uns.ac.id/icrmce02/index_qa.php NACE Corrosion Conference 2012, Salt Lake City, UT events.nace.org/conferences/c2012 Structures Congress 2012, Chicago, IL content.asce.org/conferences/ structures2012
7-9
IABSE Conference, Cairo, Egypt www.iabse-cairo2012.com 2012 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Seattle, WA www.concretetechnologyforum. org/seattle Chemspec USA, Philadelphia, PA www.chemspecevents.com/usa IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference, San Antonio, TX www.ieeepcaconference.org 4th International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction, Agios Nikolaos, Greece NICOM4.civil.duth.gr International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Concrete (ICAAR), Austin, TX www.icaar2012.org
7-10
April 10-12
6-8
Bridgelife 2012, Ottawa, ON, Canada www.bridgelife.ca EERI 2012 Annual Meeting and National Earthquake Conference, Nashville, TN 2012am.eeri.org International Conference on Microdurability of Cementitious Composites, Amsterdam, the Netherlands microdurability.tudelft.nl/ Introduction.php ICRI 2012 Spring Convention, Quebec, QC, Canada www.icri.org
8-9
10-13
13-17
7-9
11-13
20-22
8-10
18-20
20-25
11-15
May 6-8
2012 PTI Convention, Nashville, TN www.post-tensioning.org/annual_ conference.php
June 10-13
29th Annual International Bridge Conference, Pittsburgh, PA www.eswp.com/bridge fib Symposium: Concrete Structures for Sustainable Community, Stockholm, Sweden www.fibstockholm2012.se
11-14 UPCOMING ACI CONVENTIONS

2012 march 18-22, hyatt regency, Dallas, TX. 2012 October 21-25, Sheraton centre, Toronto, ON, canada. 2013 april 14-17, hilton & convention center, minneapolis, mN. 2013 October 20-24, hyatt & Phoenix convention center, Phoenix, aZ.
For additional information, contact:

Event Services, ACI, P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094 Telephone: (248) 848-3795 E-mail: conventions@concrete.org
See the events calendar at www.concreteinternational.com for more listings
90
2012 ACI Membership Application

American Concrete Institute P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094 USA Phone: (248) 848-3800 Fax: (248) 848-3801 Web: www.concrete.org
Please print or type all information requested below:

Mr. Mrs. Ms. Dr. Gender: Female Male
FIrSt nAMe ______________________________________ MIddle InItIAl ___________ lASt nAMe (SUrnAMe) ______________________________________________________
eMPlOyer _________________________________________________________________ COrPOrAte tItle __________________________________________________________
e-MAIl AddreSS ____________________________________________________________ BIrtHdAte _________________________________________________________________
AddreSS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CITY _____________________________________________ StAte ___________________ zIP __________________ COUNTRY ___________________________________________
telePHOne ________________________________________________________________ FAX ________________________________________________________________________
Categories of membership
Please select the desired category of membership and submit the appropriate dues described below.
Included Subscriptions
Your ACI membership includes a hard copy and online subscription to Concrete International, and your choice of one of the following: ACI Materials Journal, hard copy ACI Materials Journal, online ACI Structural Journal, hard copy ACI Structural Journal, online Concrete Repair Bulletin, hard copy
Please allow up to two months for delivery outside the U.S. To add subscriptions: please mark above and include an additional $69 ($74 for individuals outside U.S. & Canada, $40 for students outside U.S. & Canada, and $33 for U.S. & Canada students) for hard copy subscriptions or $28 for online subscriptions.
ORGANIzATIONAL $990 PLUS APPLICABLE SHIPPING FEES Includes one set of the Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP), a wall plaque, and a subscription to Concrete International, Concrete Repair Bulletin, and both ACI Materials and Structural Journals. MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE: Select a format and include applicable shipping fee: Seven Volume Set U.S. add $25 shipping fee; Canada and Mexico add $110 shipping fee; and all others add $197 shipping fee. CD-ROM no additional shipping costs Online Subscription no additional shipping costs INDIVIDUAL $222/year IndICAte SUBSCrIPtIOn PreFerenCe Individuals 28 years old or above residing worldwide. yOUNG PROFESSIONAL $124/year IndICAte SUBSCrIPtIOn PreFerenCe Individuals under the age of 28 who do not qualify for student membership. E-STUDENT FREE Join at www.students.concrete.org. STUDENT (U.S. AND CANADA) $40/year IndICAte SUBSCrIPtIOn PreFerenCe STUDENT (Outside U.S. and Canada) $80/year IndICAte SUBSCrIPtIOn PreFerenCe Individuals under the age of 28 who are registered full-time students at an educational institution. Full-time students age 28 and above may be granted Student Membership when the request is endorsed by the students advisor. SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP ACI Sustaining Members receive all membership benefits of Organizational Members plus a free copy of every new ACI publication and increased corporate exposure, positioning them as a leader in the concrete industry, and much more. For complete details or to join, visit www.sustaining.concrete.org or call (248) 848-3800.
optional online Subscriptions

Bundle your ACI membership with these optional online subscriptions for additional ACI resources: Symposium Papers Subscription, $95 Manual of Concrete Practice, $409
Profile Information (Select all that apply.) Markets occupations

Design Materials Production Construction Testing Repair Owner Management Consultant Engineer Architect Contractor Technical Specialist Quality Control
Inspector Craftsman Sales & Marketing Association Employee Government Employee
Researcher Educator Student Other __________
Fees $ $ $ $ $
Membership dues Additional subscriptions Organizational six volume set shipping fees For Journals, Canadian residents add 5% GSt (#126213149rt) TOTAL (U.S. Funds Only)
Payment
CHECK payable to American Concrete Institute
CHeCK nUMBer
CREDIT CARD Visa MasterCard American express

ACCOUnt nUMBer eXPIrAtIOn dAte
nAMe (AS APPeArS On CredIt CArd)
SIGnAtUre
Code: CI
91
Bulletin
board
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
classified
SALE OF ADMIXTURE PRODUCTION
If you are producing more than 100,000 yd3 of concrete per year, then you should be making your own admixtures. You would be impressed by what it will do for your bottom line profit. I have been in the admixture business for over 55 years and have approved proven formulations that meet ASTM-C-494, and have been in use in millions of meters of concrete around the world. No admixture company will sell you their formulations, BUT I will since I am getting out of the business and willing to pass this confidential information, and raw material suppliers, on to others. If you are interested please feel free to contact me at email: component1729@aol.com. This offer is available worldwide, not limited to U.S.
Hudson Valley Region

Concrete and Sand & Gravel company is seeking a manager to supervise 10 man crew for the maintenance and repair of 60 truck fleet. Self-starter with excellent communication skills and DOT knowledge are required. Reply to: truck_manager@yahoo.com
PETRoGRAPHER
Chicago based consulting firm has opening for experienced petrographer with excellent communication skills and knowledge of chemistry. Send fully confidential inquiries to: bpetrographer@ yahoo.com
92
advertisers
cI ADVErTISING
For more information, contact:
Jeff Rhodes, Sales Manager Network Media Partners (410) 584-8487 E-mail: concrete@networkmediapartners.com
Index
Burgess Pigment Company .................................................................. 23 Computers & Structures, Inc................................................. Back Cover CTS Cement Mfg. Corp. ..................................................................... 13
Connect
google+
Decon.................................................................................................... 1 ICC Evaluation Service................................................ Inside Back Cover L. M. Scofield Company...................................................................... 43 StructurePoint ............................................................ Inside Front Cover Xypex Corporation ............................................................................. 15
Visit www.concrete.org for links to ACI's pages on networking Web sites.
with ACI and thousands of others
Advertise in CI
For more information, contact Jeff Rhodes, Sales Manager Network Media Partners (410) 584-8487 E-mail: concrete@networkmediapartners.com
Available classified sections: Positions Wanted, Positions Available, Used Equipment, Business Opportunities, Education, and Positions Vacant. Professional Services Section (3-1/2 x 2 in.): $280 (1); $250 (3); $230 (6); $210 (9); $190 (12). Classified Rates for Concrete International: $100 for first 50 words and $2 for each additional word over 50. Print Classified ad deadlines: All ads need to be reserved 2 months ahead of issue in which ad will appear. Online Classified ad deadlines: Ads post on the 1st and 15th of every month and will run for one month. If you want your classified ad to appear on the first of the month, contracts and text are due on the 25th of the month prior to appearance; if you want your ad to appear on the 15th of the month, contracts and text are due by the 10th of the month that your ad will appear. Contact Jeff Rhodes at (410) 584-8487 for deadlines and additional information.
93
concrete
Q&A
Q. A.
Anchors for Structures in Seismic regions

My firm designs structures throughout the U.S., and our engineers need to apply the seismic design requirements provided in ACI 318 Appendix D1. Do you have a design aid that would help us quickly locate the relevant provisions under various circumstances? ACI 318 Appendix D applies to cast-in anchors and post-installed expansion, undercut, and adhesive anchors. Per D.3.3.1, anchors in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category (SDC) C, D, E, or F are subject to the requirements of D.3.3.2 through D.3.3.7 as follows: Anchors subjected to earthquake forces should not be located in plastic hinge zones of concrete structures (D.3.3.2); and Post-installed expansion and undercut anchors must be qualified for earthquake loading in accordance with ACI 355.22 and post-installed adhesive anchors must be qualified for earthquake loading in accordance with ACI 355.43 (D.3.3.3). In all cases, the connections tensile and shear design strength must equal or exceed the required strength determined from applicable load combinations. There are additional requirements for anchoring to concrete in structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F (D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5). The additional tension and shear requirements for anchoring to concrete in structures assigned to SDC C, D, E or F are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. To use either table, begin with the structure SDC in the left column, and then determine whether additional seismic requirements apply. If so, select which option to satisfy and review the requirements to the right. Where additional seismic requirements apply, Appendix D permits four options for tension loads and three for shear: In Option 1 (available for tension only), anchor ductility is imposed at strength-level earthquake forces.
In Option 2, anchors are designed for the expected yield strength of the attachment. In Option 3, the anchors are designed for the maximum force that a nonyielding attachment can deliver. In Option 4, the anchors are designed for overstrengthlevel earthquake forces. Anchors subject to both tension and shear loading must satisfy the interaction requirements of D.7 (D.3.3.6). Where anchor reinforcement is used to preclude concrete breakout in tension or shear, restrictions on the reinforcement types and grade apply (D.3.3.7). References
1. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp. 2. ACI Committee 355, Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.2-07) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2007, 35 pp. 3. ACI Committee 355, Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.4-11) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 55 pp. Thanks to John F. Silva of Hilti North America for reviewing the information presented in this Q&A.
Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical committees. The answers do not represent the official position of an ACI committee. Only a published committee document represents the formal consensus of the committee and the Institute. We invite comment on any of the questions and answers published in this column. Write to the Editor, Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331; contact us by fax at (248) 848-3701; or e-mail Rex.Donahey@concrete.org.
94
concrete Q&a
Table 1:
Anchors resisting tension forces
Seismic portion of required strength
Not applicable
SDC
a or B
Options to satisfy additional seismic requirements

Not applicable
Required strength
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S Eq. (9-5) U = 0.9D +1.0E Eq. (9-7)
Design strength
Nsa (D.5.1); Ncb (D.5.2) or Nn (D.5.2.9); Npn (D.5.3); Nsb (D.5.4); Na (D.5.5) In all cases: factor per D.4.3
Other requirements
E 0.2U (D.3.3.4.1)
No additional seismic requirements
Ductile and brittle anchor materials are allowed.
Nsa (D.5.1); U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S Eq. (9-5) U = 0.9D + 1.0E Eq. (9-7) 0.75Ncb (D.5.2) or Nn (D.3.3.4.5 and D.5.2.9); 0.75Npn (D.5.3); 0.75Nsb (D.5.4); 0.75Na (D.5.5) In all cases: N(cb,pn,sb,a)max > 1.2Nsa (D.3.3.4.3); 0.75 factor per D.3.3.4.4; and factor per D.4.3
Only ductile anchor elements are allowed. anchor stretch length and additional material and/or geometry requirements apply. If used, anchor reinforcement per D.3.3.7.
Option 1 Ductile anchor connection (D.3.3.4.3(a))
c, D, E, or F E > 0.2U (D.3.3.4.2) Option 2 Ductile attachment (D.3.3.4.3(b))
maximum tension transmitted by a ductile attachment, considering strain hardening and material overstrength (refer to rD.3.3.4.3 for guidance). maximum tension transmitted by a nonyielding attachment. U = 1.2D + o(1.0E) + 1.0L + 0.2S Eq. (9-5) U = 0.9D + o(1.0E) Eq. (9-7)
Option 3 Nonyielding attachment (D.3.3.4.3(c)) Option 4 Overstrength forces (D.3.3.4.3(d))
Nsa (D.5.1); 0.75Ncb (D.5.2) or Nn (D.3.3.4.5 and D.5.2.9); 0.75Npn (D.5.3); 0.75Nsb (D.5.4); 0.75Na (D.5.5) In all cases: 0.75 factor per D.3.3.4.4; and factor per D.4.3
Ductile and brittle anchor materials are allowed. If used, anchor reinforcement per D.3.3.7.
95
concrete Q&a
Table 2:
Anchors resisting shear forces
Seismic portion of required strength
Not applicable
SDC
a or B
Options to satisfy additional seismic requirements

Not applicable No additional seismic requirements
Required strength
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S Eq. (9-5) U = 0.9D + 1.0E Eq. (9-7) maximum shear transmitted by a ductile attachment, considering strain hardening and material overstrength. maximum shear transmitted by a nonyielding attachment (refer to rD.3.3.5 for guidance). U = 1.2D + o(1.0E) + 1.0L + 0.2S Eq. (9-5) U = 0.9D + o(1.0E) Eq. (9-7)
Design strength
Vsa (D.6.1); Vcb (D.6.2) or Vn (D.6.2.9); Vcp (D.6.3) In all cases: factor per D.4.3
Other requirements
E 0.2U (D.3.3.5.1)
Ductile and brittle anchor materials are allowed.
c, D, E, or F E > 0.2U (D.3.3.5.2)
Option 2 Ductile attachment (D.3.3.5.3(a)) Option 3 Nonyielding attachment (D.3.3.5.3(b)) Option 4 Overstrength forces (D.3.3.5.3(c))
Vsa (D.6.1); Vcb (D.6.2) or Vn (D.3.3.5.4 and D.6.2.9); Vcp (D.6.3) In all cases: factor per D.4.3
Ductile and brittle anchor materials are allowed. attachment yields before anchor failure. If used, anchor reinforcement per D.3.3.7.
oPEn!
96
ALWAYS
Youll never have to wait for ACIs Online Bookstore to open. Our collection of over 400 standards, technical reports, special publications, and industry favorites is always openwaiting for you! Additionally, you can download many of ACIs publications immediately!
ACIs online bookstore its always open!
www.concrete.org
The SoluTion for innovaTive Building ProduCTS

iCC evaluaTion ServiCe
ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES), a subsidiary of the International Code Council, has been the industry leader in performing technical evaluations for code compliance for more than 80 years. In accordance with the International Building Code (IBC) Section 104.11, approved ICC-ES Evaluation Reports facilitate acceptance of new technologies in the marketplace. Establishing a baseline against which innovative products can be objectively measured, ICCES Acceptance Criteria (AC) provide technical guidance when evaluating innovative products resulting in ICC-ES Evaluation Reports.
Contact us today for more information: 1.800.423.6587 (x42237) es@icc-es.org www.icc-es.org
104.11 alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.
The Trusted Marks of Conformity!

#1000
Subsidiary of ICC
11-05077

March 2012 Magazine

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

March 2012 Magazine

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

March 2012 Vol. 34 No.

Decorative & Architectural Concrete

specify ACI Certified personnel

Visit www.ACI Certification.org for:

MArch 2012 Vol. 34 No. 3

DEcOrATIVE & ArchITEcTUrAL cONcrETE

The Textile Block System

ALSO FEATUrING Bridging Theory & Practice

Highlights of the ACI Fall 2011 Convention

Essence of concrete sustainability by Koji Sakai and Julie K. Buffenbarger

Twenty-eight members will be awarded at the spring convention

Concrete Floor Slabs on Cambered Structural Steel

Anchors for Structures in Seismic Regions

Concrete international MARCh 2012

AMErIcAN cONcrETE INSTITUTE

march 2012 Concrete international

American concrete Institute

David Darwin Luis E. Garca Florian G. Barth James K. Wight

Past President Board memBers

executiVe Vice President

technical actiVities committee

educational actiVities committee

certification Programs committee

Customer and member support:

Sales and membership:

Diane L. Baloh, Director (Diane.Baloh@concrete.org)

Daniel W. Falconer, Managing Director (Daniel.Falconer@concrete.org)

Strategic Development Council/ Marketing, sales, and industry relations:

Finance and administration:

Publishing and event services:

Kevin P. Mlutkowski, Director (Kevin.Mlutkowski@concrete.org)

Concrete international MARCh 2012

The Floor Flatness Report

Presidents Address by S.C. Hollister*

march 2012 Concrete international

Concrete international march 2012

2012 aCi Educational Seminars

aCi/PCa 318-11 Building Code

Concrete repair Basics

troubleshooting Concrete Construction

seminar dates and locations

Concrete repair Basics

aCi/PCa 318-11 Building Code

fees and sign-up

One-day seminar $597 $457 $125

Phone payment I am paying by check (payable to ACI)

Please charge to my ACI member account

Please charge to: (circle one)

Signature: _____________________________________________________________ Expiration Date: ________________________________________________________ Account Number: _______________________________________________________

Honors and Awards

A train-the-trainer classroom session in Taipei, Taiwan

Top Decorative Concrete Projects Honored

NCCER Strengthens its Commitment to Women

Responsibility in Concrete Construction

Advanced Energy Design Guides Now Available

are the foundation of our success.

highlights of the acI Fall 2011 convention in cincinnati

Honors at the Opening Session

Student Competition and Student Lunch

ACI Fall 2011 Convention Exhibitors

ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter Convention Committee

Next: Art of Concrete in Dallas, TX

ACI Fall 2011 Convention Highlights

Signature: _______ Expiration Date: Account Number: _