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Crystallization (n): The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized; the formation of crystals. Crystal (n): a small piece of a substance with many even sides, that is formed naturally when the substance becomes solid Crystallize (v): to form or make sth form into crystals Crystalline (a): made of or similar to crystals 2. Dissolve (v): ( of a solid ) to mix with a liquid and become part of it 3. Purification (n): The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of metals. Purify (v): to make sth pure by removing substances that are dirty, harmful or not wanted 4. Solid (a): hard or firm; not in the form of a liquid or gas 5. Organic (a): ( of food, farming methods, etc. ) produced or practised without using artificial chemicals 6. Compound (n) : a substance formed by a chemical reaction of two or more elements in fixed amounts relative to each other 7. three- dimensional (a): length, width and depth 8. molecules (n): the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature 9. force (n): an effect that causes things to move in a particular way 10.molten (a): heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid 11.substance: That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or causeof phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence. 12.Impurity (n) : a substance that is present in small amounts in another substance, making it dirty or of poor quality Impure (a): not pure or clean; not consisting of only one substance but mixed with one or more substances often of poorer quality 13. Laboratory (n): a room or building used for scientific research, experiments, testing, etc 14. Solution (n): the process of dissolving a solid or gas in a liquid Soluble (a) : that can be dissolved in a liquid

15.Saturated (a): if a chemical solution (= a liquid with sth dissolved in it) is saturated , it contains the greatest possible amount of the substance that has been dissolved in it 16. Pure (a): clean and not containing any harmful substances 17. Concentrate (v): to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else 18. Filtration (n): the process of filtering a liquid or gas 19.Adhere (v): to stick firmly to sth 20. Solvent (n):a substance, especially a liquid, that can dissolve another substance 21.Volume (n):the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container has 22.Suspend: to float in liquid or air without moving 23. Temperature: the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place is high/low temperatures 24. Test tube (n): a small glass tube, closed at one end, that is used in scientific experiments 25. Isolate (v): to separate sb/sth physically or socially from other people or things 26. like dissolves like: Polar compounds dissolve in polar compounds and nonpolar dissolve in nonpolar. 27. Mix (n): if two or more substances mix or you mix them, they combine, usually in a way that means they cannot easily be separated Mixture (n) : a substance made by mixing other substances together 28. Polar (a): connected with the poles (= the positive and negative ends) of a magnet 29. Structure (n): the state of being well organized or planned with all the parts linked together; a careful plan 30. Nonflammable (a): not likely to burn easily Flammable (a): that can burn easily 31.Toxic (a): containing poison; poisonous 32.Volatile (a): that changes easily into a gas 33.Miscible (a): that can be mixed together 34.Centrifuge (n): a machine with a part that spins around to separate substances, for example liquids from solids, by forcing the heavier substance to the outer edge 35.Boiling (a): very hot Boiling point (n) : the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil 36.Vapor (n): a mass of very small drops of liquid in the air, for example steam

Evaporate: if a liquid evaporates or if sth evaporates it, it changes into a gas, especially steam 37. Volatility (n): that changes easily into a gas 38.Extraction (n): the act or process of removing or obtaining sth from sth else 39.Inert (a): without active chemical or other propertie 40.Gasoline (a): any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for example hydrogen and oxygen are both gases 41.Carcinogen (n): a substance that can cause cancer 42.Cloudy (a): not clear or transparent 43.Beaker (n): a plastic or paper cup, often without a handle, used for drinking from 44.Steam (n): the hot gas that water changes into when it boils 45.Stir (n): to make sth move around in water or air 46.Swirl (n): a pattern or an object that twists in circles 47.Gradually (a): slowly, over a long period of time 48.Boiling stick 49.Boiling chip are small, insoluble, porous stones made of calcium carbonate or silicon carbide 50.Superheated (v): that has been heated above its temperature of saturation 51.Explosive (a): easily able or likely to explode 52.Violence (n): Passing through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the atmosphere; flying; having the power to fly 53.Rod (n): long straight piece of wood, metal or glass 54.Crushing (a): used to emphasize how bad or severe sth 55.Particles (n): a very small piece of sth 56.Charcoal (n): a black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with little air. Charcoal is used as a fuel or for drawing 57. Filter (n): a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted 58.Divided (a): split by disagreements or different opinions 59.Separated (a): no longer living with your husband, wife or partner 60.Absorb (v): to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around 61.Cylindrical (a): a solid or hollow figure with round ends and long straight sides 62.Powder (n): a dry mass of very small fine pieces or grains chilli powder 63.Decant (v): to pour liquid, especially wine, from one container into another

64.Pour (v) :to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle 65.Vacuum (n): a space that is completely empty of all substances, including all air or other gas 66.Granular (a): consisting of small granules ; looking or feeling like a collection of granules 67.Flask (n): a bottle with a narrow top, used in scientific work for mixing or storing chemicals 68.Recover (v): to return to a normal state after an unpleasant or unusual experience or a period of difficulty 69.Lint (n): a type of soft cotton cloth used for covering and protecting wounds 70.Funnel (n): a device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening. 71.Fluted (a): with a pattern of curves cut around the outside 72.Towel (n): a piece of cloth or paper used for drying things 73.Dry (a): not wet, damp or sticky; without water or moisture 74.Clog (v): to block sth or to become blocked 75.Neck (n): a long narrow part of sth 76.Hotplate (n): a flat, heated metal surface, for example on a cooker/stove 77.Rim (n): the edge of sth in the shape of a circle 78.Dilute (a): to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it 79.Occur (v): to happen 80.Reflux (n): Returning, or flowing back; reflex 81.Excess (n): more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable 82.Macroscale: often referred to as Small-Scale 83.Microscale: often referred to as Small-Scale 84.Aspirat or (n): a device or machine used for sucking liquid 85.Disturb (v): to move sth or change its position 86.Cork (n): light, soft material that is the thick bark of a type of Mediterranean oak tree 87.Filtrate (n): a liquid that has passed through a filter Filtration (n): the process of filtering a liquid or gas 88. A Buchner funnel connected to a side-arm flask by means of a neoprene adapter, with a tube leading to a vacuum pump 89.Hirsch funnel 90.Porcelain (n): a hard white shiny substance made by baking clay and used for making delicate cups, plates and decorative objects; objects that are made of this

91.Bottom (n): the lowest surface on the inside of a container 92.Frit (n): The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients. 93.Clamp (n): a tool for holding things tightly together, usually by means of a screw 94.Scrape (v): to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it 95.Rubber (n): a strong substance that can be stretched and does not allow liquids to pass through it, used for making tyres, boots, etc. It is made from the liquid (= sap ) inside a tropical plant or is produced using chemicals 96.Hose (n): a long tube made of rubber, plastic, etc, used for putting water onto fires, gardens, etc 97.Efficient (a): doing sth well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money, or energy 98.Rush (v): to move or to do sth with great speed, often too fast 99.Valve (n): a device for controlling the flow of a liquid or gas, letting it move in one direction only 100. Evacuate (v): to move out of a place because of danger, and leave the place empty 101. Screw (v): to twist sth around in order to fasten it in place 102. Suck (v): to take liquid, air, etc. out of sth 103. Collapse (n): to fold sth into a shape that uses less space; to be able to be folded in this way 104. Bend (n): a curve or turn 105. Stopper (n): an object that fits into the top of a bottle to close it 106. Regardless (adv): paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties 107. Receptacle (n): a container for putting sth in 108. Press (v): to push sth closely and firmly against sth; to be pushed in this way 109. Squeeze (n): a small amount of liquid that is produced by pressing sth

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