Questions on Solid and Structural Mechanics Q1.

a) Define the following terms: (i) Stress; (ii) Strain; (iii) Poisson's ratio; (iv) Young Modulus of Elasticity. (b) A bronze bar 25mm diameter is enclosed in a steel tube 50mm external diameter. The bar and tube are both initially 500mm long and are rigidly fastened together at both ends. The composite bar is subjected to an axial compressive force of 50KN and then its temperature is raised by 80C. Take Es = 2Eb = 200GN/m2; b = 3/2s = 18 x 10-6/oC (i) The resulting stresses in the materials. (ii) The change in length of the composite bar. Q2. (a) Derive the complete torsion equation for a solid shaft and state four assumptions made. (b) Two shafts, used to transmit power, are connected end to end by means of a flange coupling. The bolts used in the coupling are 10mm diameter and are to be arranged on a circle of 250mm diameter. The maximum shear stress is limited to 60MN/m2 in the shafts and 20MN/m2 in the bolts. One shaft is solid 50mm in diameter, and the other is hollow, 100mm external diameter. If both shafts and coupling are all equally strong, determine: i) The internal diameter of the hollow shaft ii) The number of bolts required iii) The actual stresses realized in the bolts iv) The power transmitted at 300 rev/min Q3 (a) Derive an expression for the volumetric strain in terms of linear strains and hence show that the relationship between Young Modulus E and the Bulk Modulus K of a material is given by: E = 3K (1-2); where is the Poisson's ratio. (b) Derive expressions for longitudinal and hoop stresses in a thin cylinder. (c) A closed cylindrical vessel is made of a steel plate of 3mm thick, the internal dimensions being length 500mm and diameter 200mm. The cylinder is just filled with oil. An additional amount of oil is pumped into the cylinder to raise the internal pressure to 30 bars. Determine: i) The longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder, ii) The change in length, diameter, and volume of the cylinder, iii) The additional oil pumped into the cylinder Take E (for steel) = 200GN/m2, = 0.3, and K (for oil) = 3GN/m2 Q4. (a) Derive a complete bending equation and state four assumptions made. (b) A timber beam 120mm deep by 60 mm wide and 2500mm long has a mild steel plate 6mm thick and 60mm wide bolted firmly to its lower face. The composite beam is simply supported at its ends and has a point load at mid-span. If the maximum stress in timber is not to exceed 10MN/m2, find: i) The maximum point load the composite beam can carry. ii) The maximum stress in the mild steel plate under this load. Take Es = 200GN/m2, and Et = 10GN/m2 Q5. Fig. Q5, shows a cross-section of a beam ABCDE simply supported at A and D. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 10KN/m between A and B, a concentrated load of 30KN at C and another concentrated load of 20KN at E. If AB = 8m, BC=CD=DE=4m, draw the shear force (SF) and bending moment (BM) diagrams and then calculate: a) The nature, magnitude and position of the maximum bending stress in the beam; b) The position of the point of contra flexure

Fig Q5 Q6. (a) Derive expressions for the principal stresses and the maximum shear stress for a piece of material subjected to two perpendicular direct stresses together with complimentary shear stress in the same planes. b) A hollow shaft 80mm outside diameter and 50mm internal diameter, subjected to an axial end thrust of 50KN, transmits 600KW at 750rev/min. If the maximum compressive principal stress is not to exceed 150MN/m2, determine: (i) The maximum bending moment which can be safely applied in conjunction with the applied torque and end thrust; (ii) The maximum shear stress; (iii) The value of the other principal stress. c) Derive a formula for the total strain energy per unit volume of a material subjected to three principal stresses.
A piece of such material is subjected to three mutually perpendicular tensile stresses of 50, 65 and 80 MN/m2. Calculate the strain energy per unit volume.

Take Poissons ratio as = 0.3 and E = 200GN/m2. Q7. For the continuous beam ABC shown below determine the bending moment at B and reactions at A, B, and C.

Q8. A uniform beam is built-in at both ends, and carries two loads of 20KN at B and 40KN at C. If AB = 1m, BC = 2m and CD = 2m, find the position and value of the maximum deflection in terms of EI, where E = Young Modulus of elasticity and I = second moment of area about the neutral plane.