MODELLING A FUNCTIONAL BUILDING HL Type II Create a model for the curved roof structure when the height is 36 m.

There exist multiple functions to model the curved roof of the structure with the given specifications. While a parabolic function would suffice, we can also use a trigonometric function to model the curved roof structure with the designated height. Option A: Parabolic Function The roofs height is based directly on the width of the structure, which is given as 72 m. The height is a function of the width. We can therefore model the width along the x-axis and the height along the y-axis. Considering the general formula for a parabola:

We know that c will be zero since the width is along the x-axis and the roof begins to curve from either endpoint. Therefore, the zeros of the parabolic function, x = 0 m .and x = 72 m. denote the width of the structure and the function we will find will model the height any distance from x = 0 m. Since we are trying to create a model for the maximum height as 36 m, we let h = 36 m. Equation A Moreover, we can take the derivative of the function to find where the optimized height will occur along the x axis:

Optimum value occurs when slope equals 0 Equation B Additionally, we know from the symmetry of a parabola that the vertex of the parabola occurs halfway between the zeros, which we designated as x = 0 m. and x = 72 m. Therefore, the maximum height of 36 m. will occur at Substituting this values x into Equation B, we get Substituting x = 36 m.

Solving for b Substituting values into Equation A: Substituting h = 36, x = 36, b = -72a Dividing both sides by 36 Combining like terms and solving for a Substituting the value obtained for a to solve for b:

Substituting -1/36 for a

The parabolic representation of the maximum height of 36 m.:

Option B: Sine Function In addition to modeling the curved height as a parabola, we can also model it by using a sine function. Considering the general sine function with height of the building as a function of the width,

where A is the amplitude, and the period is

, we can manipulate the function to fit our model. The

amplitude refers to the magnitude of change for the oscillating variable. In this case, the amplitude leads to the maximum height of 36 m. The period denotes the duration of one cycle of the function. Since we are only concerned with the values of height from x = 0 m. to x = 72 m, we take the period to be from x = 0 m. to x = 144 m. since the portion from x = 72 m. to x = 144 m. is below the x-axis. Taking the amplitude as the magnitude of the maximum possible value of x, we find that A = 36. To solve for B, we set the period equal to 144:

Solve the equation for B Substituting the values we found for the variables, we get the equation for the sine function representation of the maximum height of 36 m. as: ( )

Find the dimensions of the cuboid with maximum volume which would fit inside this roof structure. Option A: Parabolic Function y

h=(-1/36)x^2+2x

x
Figure 1: h = (-1/36)x^2 + 2x

In order to determine the maximum volume of a cuboid that would fit under this roof structure, we must determine the dimensions for the maximum area of the front face since the length remains constant at 150 m. To deduce a formula for the area of the largest possible rectangle that would fit under this parabola, we can break down the formula for the area of a rectangle down to its components and analyze them in the context of this parabola. The area for a rectangle is found by the product of its base and height. We have already come up with the function for the height for any given x-value. To deduce a formula for the base is slightly more complicated. y

h=(-1/36)x^2+2x

x
Figure 2: Deduction of Area

72-x

From Figure 2, we can see that the base of the rectangle to be used as a face for the cuboid would be the x. From the left, we can see the start of this interval would simply be x; and from the right, the end of this interval would be 72 x. The right endpoint minus the left endpoint should give the value for x. Therefore, . Inserting this into our formula for the area of a rectangle, we obtain Area of a rectangle

Substituting for x and h Simplify

To determine the maximum area, we can take the derivative of this cubic function, which would reduce it down to a quadratic function and test the two zeros. Differentiating with respect to x We use the first zero since the function is increasing to the left (function above x-axis) and decreasing to the right (function below x-axis) indicating that the zero is a maximum of the area function. This means that at the specified width value, the area of the rectangle will be greatest. Using the capabilities of a graphing calculator, we can find the value of the zero which we can then use to calculate the dimensions of the cuboid with maximum volume.

Figure 3: Derivative of Area Function

Alternatively, we can use the capabilities of a graphing calculator to find the value of the maximum of the area function. The zero that we found from the derivative should match this value.

Figure 4: Graph of Area Function

Substituting this value for x into our expression for the base and height, we can determine the dimensions of the rectangle that will form the front and back faces of the cuboid:

Substitute for x

Substitute for x

The length of the cuboid will remain constant at 150 m, thus the dimensions of the cuboid with the maximum possible volume are leading to a volume of 149,649.2 m3. Option B: Sine Function Using a similar approach, we deduce the area of the rectangle to be * We can then graph the function to find the maximum value: ( )+

Figure 5: Sine Area Function

Substituting this value for the expressions of base and height, we find the dimensions of the cuboid to be

Use technology to investigate how changes to the height of the structure affect the dimensions of the largest possible cuboid.

Option A: Parabolic Function In order to determine the dimensions of the largest possible cuboid, we can make a spreadsheet tabulating the different values of the height of the structure and the subsequent changes to the height of the cuboid. Since we assign the height of the structure, we need to relate this height to the value of the coefficient a and relate this to the coefficient b.

Substitute x = 36 Simplify

Considering the equation for a height h = 45 m, we see the graph of the area function to be:

Figure 6: Area Function (h=45 m.)

We see the x-coordinate of the maximum is the same from the previous parabolic function. Therefore the base remains the same. Thus to find the height of the cuboid, we use the value of x = 15.215389. Inputting all this data into the spreadsheet, we get the heights of the cuboid at various heights for the structure to be:
Table 1: Height of cuboid for different heights of the structure (Parabolic Function)

h(x)
36 37 38 39 40 41

a
- 1/36 - 1/35 - 19/648 - 13/432 - 5/162 - 23/727

b
2 2 1/18 2 1/9 2 1/6 2 2/9 2 5/18

h(15.215389)
24.00 24.67 25.33 26.00 26.67 27.33

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

- 7/216 - 7/211 - 11/324 - 5/144 - 23/648 - 7/193 - 1/27 - 29/767 - 25/648 - 17/432 - 13/324 - 11/269 - 1/24

2 1/3 2 7/18 2 4/9 2 1/2 2 5/9 2 11/18 2 2/3 2 13/18 2 7/9 2 5/6 2 8/9 2 17/18 3

28.00 28.67 29.33 30.00 30.67 31.33 32.00 32.67 33.33 34.00 34.67 35.33 36.00

From the table we can see that for every increase in unit for height of the structure, the height of the cuboid increases by two thirds of a unit. That is,

The base and length of the cuboid remain the same. Option B: Sine Function Repeating the same process for finding the dimensions of the cuboid with changes in the height of the structure for the sine function, we obtain the following table:
Table 2: Height of cuboid for different heights of the structure (Sine function)

h(x)
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

h(16.282611)
23.48 24.13 24.78 25.44 26.09 26.74 27.39 28.04 28.70 29.35 30.00 30.65 31.30 31.96 32.61

51 52 53 54

33.26 33.91 34.57 35.22