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QoS Quality Of Service

:
(links) , (bandwidth) (buffers) (packets) . .

Quality of service
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the capability of a network to provide better service to selected traffic.
What is better service?
Data Voice

What is a selected traffic?

More important traffic (Traffic discrimination)

What QoS is NOT:

Security

Best effort service

,QoS .

Differential service (soft QoS)

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Guaranteed service (hard QoS)

" Integrated service : . . . .ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) .TCP.(controlled load

.Guaranteed service Differential Guaranteed service Differential service

What is the source of the problem?

1.0M 1.0M 1.0M 1.0M 1.0M

Switch or Router
1.0M 1.0M

Switch or Router
1.0M 1.0M

Switch or Router
1.0M

What is the source of the problem?

What is the source of the problem?
May be slow processors? May be slow links? May be small buffers?

Possible Solutions
Overprovisioning Traffic Management Traffic Engineering
predict and engineer

QoS Parameters
Reliability Delay Jitter Bandwidth

Reliability
Measured as Error bit rate Solutions:
CRC (error detecting code) + retransmission (TCP) Error correcting code

Bad packet count

Delay
Source of delays:
Buffers Queues Multiplexing Headers Low level technology-specific delays
Half-Duplex

Normal delays: up to 200-300ms

Jitter

Packets from the source will reach the destination with different delays. A packet's delay varies with its position in the queues of the routers along the path between source and destination and this position can vary unpredictably. This variation in delay is known as jitter and can seriously affect the QoS for audio/video

Bandwidth
Representing the available/consumed data communication resources, expressed in bits/second or multiples of it Bandwidth requirement types
Average Bandwidth Constant Bandwidth Minimum Bandwidth

Example
3x1Mb

Line rate - 1Mb/s Our traffic rate - 100Kb/s Max burst rate - 3Mb/s Max burst length - 500ms Min interval between bursts 10s Buffer size 500K [bits] Packet size 1600byte

What will be worst case

Packet loss ratio? Delay? Jitter?

What will be effect of

Increasing all line rates? Increasing buffer size?

Our traffic rate

Line rate Buffer size

Packet size

Max burst rate Max burst length

Min interval between bursts

Excess of traffic = (Max burst rate Line rate) Max burst length Buffer overflow = Excess of traffic Buffer size Our traffic rate Our traffic loss = Buffer overflow Max burst rate Our traffic loss Packet loss ratio = Our traffic rate (Min interval between bursts + Max burst length ) Min Max delay = Buffer size , Line rate Jitter = Max delay Min delay Min delay = Packet size Line rate

Example: Calculation of Packet loss ratio

Line rate - 1Mb/s Our traffic rate - 100Kb/s Max burst rate - 3Mb/s Max burst length - 500ms Min interval between bursts 10s Buffer size 500K [bits] Packet size 1600 byte

Excess of traffic = (3Mbps 1Mbps ) 0.5 sec = 1M [bits ] Buffer overflow = 1M [bits ] 0.5M [bits ] = 0.5M [bits ] 100kbps Our traffic loss = 0.5M [bits ] 3Mbps = 17 k [bits ] Packet loss ratio = 17 k [bits ] = 1.6% 100kbps (10 sec+ 0.5 sec )

Example: Calculation of Delay and Jitter

Line rate - 1Mb/s Our traffic rate - 100Kb/s Max burst rate - 3Mb/s Max burst length - 500ms Min interval between bursts 10s Buffer size 500K [bits] Packet size 1600 byte

3x1Mb

500k [bits ] Max delay Min delay = = 500[ms ] 1Mbps 1600k 8[bits ] Min delay = = 12.8[ms ] 1Mbps Jitter = 500 12.8 = 487.2500[ms ]

Bandwidth effect
Line rate - 2Mb/s Our traffic rate - 100Kb/s Max burst rate - 6Mb/s Max burst length - 500ms Min interval between bursts 10s

Buffer size 500K [bits] Packet size 1600 byte Burst size = 6M/s * 0.5s = 3 M Excess of traffic = 3M 0.5s * 2M/s = 2M Buffer overflow = 2M 0.5M = 1.5M Our Traffic loss = 1.5M/(6M/0.1M) = 25K Packet loss ratio = 25K/ ((10s+ 0.5s)*100K/s) = 2.4% Max delay = 0.5M / 2M/s = 250ms Min Delay = 1600 * 8 / 2 M/s = 6.4 ms Jitter = 250 6.4 = 243.6 ms

Buffer size Effect

Line rate - 1Mb/s Our traffic rate - 100Kb/s Max burst rate - 3Mb/s Max burst length - 500ms Min interval between bursts 10s Buffer size 1000K [bits] Packet size 1600 byte

Burst size = 3M/s * 0.5s = 1.5 M Excess of traffic = 1.5M 0.5s * 1M/s = 1M Buffer overflow = 1M 1M = 0 Our Traffic loss = 0 Packet loss ratio = 0 Max delay = 1M / 1M/s = 1000ms Min Delay = 1600 * 8 / 1 M/s = 12.8 ms Jitter = 1000 12.8 = 987.2 ms

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Delay , Jitter Packet Loss

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