Review Exercises for Chapter 4

209

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

1.
y

3.
f f

2x2

1 dx

2 3 x 3

1 2 x 2

5.

x3 x2

dx

1 dx x2

1 2 x 2

1 x

7.

4x

3 sin x dx

2x2

3 cos x

9. f x f x When x y C y

2x, 2x dx 1: 1 2 2 x2

1, 1 x2 C

11.

at vt v0

a a dt 0 at at dt 0 a2 t 2 a 30 2
2

at

C1 0.

C1

0 when C1

vt st s0 st s 30 a v 30

a2 t 2

C2 0.

C2

0 when C2

3600 or 8 ft sec2. 240 ft sec

2 3600 30 2 8 30

10

13. a t vt st (a) v t (b) s 3 (c) v t (d) s 3 2

32 32t 16t2 32t 144 32t 16 9 4 96 96t 96 288 96 0 when t 144 ft 96 when t 2 96 3 2 3 sec. 2 3 sec.

15. (a)
i n 1

2i i3
i 1 10

(b) (c)
i 1

4i

108 ft

210

Chapter 4

Integration

17. y

10 x2 1 S4

, x

1 ,n 2

4 10 1 22 10 1 1
2

Sn

1 10 2 1 13.0385

10 3 22

sn

s4

10 1 2 1 22 9.0385

10 1 1 1

10 3 22

10 1 22 1

9.0385 < Area of Region < 13.0385 4 , right endpoints n f ci

i n n 1
y 8 6

19. y

x, x
n

Area

lim

x 4i 4 n n 4nn 1 n 2

4 2 2 2 x 2 4 6 8

lim
i 1

6 4 6n n 24 8

lim lim

n n

24

16

21. y

x2, x
n

3 n f ci x 2 12i n 3i n
2

y 6 4 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 x 1 2 3 4

Area

lim
i n 1

lim
i 1

5 3 n 1 ni 1 3 n n 3 18

3 n

lim lim lim

9i2 n2 9 nn n2 1 2n n2 1 2n 6 1 1

12 n n 1 n 2 18 9 n n 12 3 n 2 4 9i2 n2 1 9 n 2

23. x

5y

y2, 2 y 5, y
n

y 6

Area

lim
i 1 n

5 2 3 ni 10
1

3i n 15i n 3i n

3i n 12 i n

3 n 9i2 n2

4 3 2 1 x 1 2 3 4 5 6

lim

3 n lim 6 n ni 1
n

lim 18

3 6n n 9 2 9

3nn 1 n 2 27 2

9 nn n2

1 2n 6

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

211

25.

lim
i 1

2ci

xi
4

2x

3 dx

27.
12 9 6 3 3 3

x 3 6 9

5
0

5 dx
0

x dx
0

x dx

25 2

(triangle)
6 6 6

29. (a)
2 6

f x f x
2 6

g x dx
2 6

f x dx
2 6

g x dx g x dx
2 6

10 10

3 3 2 10

13 7 33 11

(b) (c)
2 6

g x dx
2

f x dx
6

2f x 5f x dx
2

3g x dx
6

2
2

f x dx 5 10

3
2

g x dx

(d)

5
2

f x dx

50

31.
1

1 dx

3 4 x 4

8 3

x
1

3 16 4 16 2
9

3 4

73 (c) 4
1 1

33.
0

x dx

2x

x2 2

8
0

16

35.
1

4t 3

2t dt

t4

t2
1

37.
4

x x dx
4

x3 2 dx

2 5 x 5
3 4

2 4

2 5 2 2

2 243 5 2 2

32

422 5

39.
0

sin d

cos
0

2 2 2
4

41.
1

2x
y

1 dx

x
1

43.
3

x2

9 dx

x3 3 64 3 64 3

9x
3

36 54 3 10 3

27

2 8

x
2 2 4 6 6 4 2
x

212

Chapter 4

Integration

45.
0

x3 dx
y

x2 2

x4 4

1 0

1 2

1 4

1 4

47. Area
1
y 10

4 x

dx

4x1 2 1 2

83
1

16

8 6

x
1
2

4 2 x 2 2 4 6 8 10

49.

1 9 2 5 x x 4

9 4

1 x

dx

1 2 x 5

9 4

2 3 5

2 Average value 5
2

1 x 5 2 25 4

25 2 , 4 5 x 2 4 6 8 10

51. F x

x2 1

x3

53. F x

x2

3x

55.

x2

1 3 dx

x6

3x4

3x2

1 dx

x7 7

3 5 x 5

x3

57. u

x3 x2 x3

3, du 3 dx

3x2 dx x3 3
1 2

x2 dx

1 3

x3

1 2

3x2 dx

2 3 x 3

1 2

59. u

1 x1

3x2, du 3x2 4 dx

6x dx 1 6 1 3x2
4

6x dx

1 1 30

3x2

1 3x2 30

61.

sin3 x cos x dx

1 4 sin x 4

63.

sin 1 cos

dx

cos

1 2

sin d

21

cos

1 2

2 1

cos

65.

tann x sec2 x dx

tann 1 x n 1

C, n

67.

sec

x 2 sec

x tan

x dx

sec

sec

x tan

x dx

1 1 3 9 4

sec

69.
1

x x2

4 dx

1 2

x2
1

4 2x dx

1 x2 4 2 2

2 2 1

1 0 4

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

213

71.
0

1 dx 1 x 1 y, y 0, u
1

1
0

1 2

dx

21

1 2 0

73. u

u, dy 1. When y

du 1, u
0

When y 2
0

0. 1
1 0

y dy

2 2
1

u 2u1
2

1 du

u du 2 2 5 u 5
2

u3

4 3 u 3

0 2 1

28 15

75.
0

cos

x dx 2 x, x a, u
b

2
0

cos

x 1 dx 2 2 du

2 sin

x 2

2
0

77. u

1 1

u, dx

When x Pa, b

a. When x x dx
2

b, u
1 1 b

1 1

b. u
2

15 x 1 4
1 1 b

15 4
2

u du 2 3 u 3
1 2 1 a b

15 4 (a) P0.50, 0.75 (b) P0, b 1 b 79. p C b

3 2

u3
a

u1
3 2

du 2

15 2 5 u 4 5
0.75

15 2u3 2 3u 4 15

b a

5
1

x 2

3 2

3x

2
a

1 1 3b x 2 2

x 2
3 2

3x
b

0.353
0.50

35.3% 3b 2 1 0.5

3x 1

2
0

b 2

3 2

0.586

58.6%

1.20 15,000 M

0.04t
t t 1

p ds 10. 0.04t dt
11

(a) 2000 corresponds to t C 15,000 M

11

(b) 2005 corresponds to t C 24,300 M 1 1 8 1 13 1 1 12 1 13 2 1.25 4 1.25 2 1.5 2 1.5 15,000 1.20t M

15.
16

1.20
10

0.02t2
15

27,300 M

15,000 1.20t M

0.02t2
10 2

81. Trapezoidal Rule n Simpsons Rule n

4:
1 2

1 1 1 x3 x3

dx

1 1

1 1

1 1

2 1.75 4 1.75

1
3

1 1 1

23 23

0.257 0.254

4:
1

dx

Graphing utility: 0.254

2

83. Trapezoidal Rule n Simpsons Rule n

4:
0

x cos x dx

0.637

85. (a) R < I < T < L (b) S 4 4 0 f 0 34 1 4 3 42 4f 1 21 2f 2 4 1 2 4f 3 1 4 f 4 5.417

4 : 0.685

Graphing Utility: 0.704

214

Chapter 4

Integration

Problem Solving for Chapter 4

1

1. (a) L 1
1

1 dt t

(b) L x L 1 (c) L x
2.718 1

1 by the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. x 1

x

1
1

1 dt for x t

2.718 (Note: The exact value of x is e, the base of the natural logarithm function.)
1 1

1 dt t

0.999896
x1

(d) We first show that

1

1 dt t

1 dt. x1 t 1 dt. x1
1 1

To see this, let u

x1

t and du x1
1 1

Then
1

1 dt t

1 x1 du x1 ux1
x1x2 1 1 1

1 du x1 u
x2

1 x1 t

dt. t x1

Now,

L x1x2

1 dt t

1 du using u x1 u 1 du u

1 du x1 u 1 du u
1

x2 1 x2

x1 1

1 du u

L x1
x

L x2 .

3. S x
0

sin
y 2 1

t2 dt 2 (b)
3 y

(a)

2 x 1 1 2 3 1

x 1 2 3 2 5 6 72 23

The zeros of y extrema of S x . x2 2 x2 2 2 2 and x 0 1, 3, x2 2 2 5, and

sin

x2 correspond to the relative 2

(c) S x

sin

x2

2n x 6

2n, n integer. 2.4495

Relative maximum at x Relative minimum at x (d) S x cos x2 2 x

1.4142 and x 8 2.8284 n 7.

x2

2n x

2n, n integer

Points of inflection at x

Problem Solving for Chapter 4 5. (a)

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 y

215

(b)
(6, 2) (0, 0)
x 2 4 5 6 7 8 9

x Fx

0 0

1 1 2

2 2

3 7 2

4 4

5 7 2

6 2

7 1 4

8 3

(8, 3) f

(2, 2)

(c) f x

0 x < 2 x, x 4, 2 x < 6 1 x 1, 6 x 8 2
x

1, (d) F x f x 1, 1, 2

0 < x < 2 2 < x < 6 6 < x < 8 6 is not.

Fx
0

f t dt

x2 2 , x 2 4x 1 4 x2 x
2

0 x < 2 4, 2 x < 6 5, 6 x 8

x 2 is a point of inflection, whereas x ( f is not continuous at x 6.)

F x f x . F is decreasing on 0, 4 and increasing on 4, 8 . Therefore, the minimum is 4 at x 4, and the maximum is 3 at x 8.

1

7. (a)
1 1

cos x dx cos x dx
1

cos
1

1 3

cos 2 sin 1

1 3

2 cos

1 3

1.6758

sin x
1

1.6829

Error. 1.6829
1

1.6758 1 1 1 3 2

0.0071 1 1 1 3 3 2 (c) Let p x

1

(b)

1 x2

11

dx

ax3

bx2 ax4 4

cx bx3 3 b 3 x6 6
1 0

d. cx2 2 d
1

(Note: exact answer is

1.5708)
1

p x dx p 1 3 p

dx
1

2b 3 d

2d 2b 3 2d

1 3

b 3

9. Consider F x
b

f x

2 b a

F x 1 F x dx 2
b a

2f x f x . Thus,

11. Consider
0

x5 dx

1 . 6

f x f x dx
a

The corresponding Riemann Sum using right endpoints is Sn 1 n 1 n

5

1 Fx 2 1 Fb 2 1 f b 2
2

2 n 25

. . . n5 . . . n6

n n

Fa f a
2 n

1 5 1 n6 Thus, lim S n

. . . 15 25

lim

n5

1 . 6

216

Chapter 4

Integration

13. By Theorem 4.8, 0 < f x M

a

f x dx
a b b

M dx f x dx.
a

Mb

a.

Similarly, m f x m b
b

a
a

m dx

Thus, m b Thus, 1
0

a
a 1

f x dx M b x4 dx 2.

a . On the interval 0, 1 , 1
1

x4

2 and b

1.

Note:
0

x4 dx

1.0894

15. Since
b

f x

f x f x ,
b b b b

f x dx
a a

f x dx
a

f x dx
a

f x dx
a

f x dx.

17.

1 365

365

100,000 1
0

sin

2 t 60 365

dt

100,000 t 365

365 2 t 60 cos 2 365

365

100,000 lbs.
0