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Name: ______________________________

AQA GCSE Science

Biology

2. How our bodies defend themselves

1. What is a pathogen?

2. What is an antibiotic?

3. Use these three terms to make the sentence correct: Diseases Germs Microbes

Key terms Pathogens Disease Microorganisms Bacteria Viruses Toxins Antibiotics Agar Vaccine Immunity Antibody Antigen Pandemic Epidemic Mutation

_______________ are _______________ that causes _______________ .

4. What is meant by a mutation of a pathogen?

5. How is a pandemic different from an epidemic?

6. What are antibiotics?

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Name: ______________________________ 7. Why dont doctors give antibiotics for mild throat infections?

8. How can bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

9. Why are antibiotics not used to kill viruses?

10. What is meant by vaccination?

11. How does a person develop immunity form a vaccination?

12. What three things do white blood cells do to defend the body?

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Name: ______________________________ 13. Why do industrial laboratories use 35C instead of 25C as in schools to grow cultures?

14. Why are cultures not grown at 100C?

15. Vaccines like MMR, give people immunity against infectious diseases. Which three diseases does MMR vaccine protect against? Explain how vaccinations help to protect the body against a disease.

16. What are the advantages of vaccination?

17. What are the disadvantages of vaccination?

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Name: ______________________________

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Name: ______________________________

Influenza is caused by a virus. (a) How do viruses cause illness?

(b) A British company making a reality television show in the Peruvian Amazon has been accused of starting an influenza epidemic. This epidemic allegedly killed four members of a remote Indian tribe and left others seriously ill. The members of the television crew did not show symptoms of influenza, but members of the Indian tribe died from the disease.

Suggest an explanation for this Biology 2 Page 5

Name: ______________________________

Influenza is an infectious disease. The influenza virus often mutates. This has made the World Health Organisation worried about another influenza pandemic. (a) What is meant by a pandemic?

(b) Explain why a mutation of the influenza virus might cause another influenza pandemic.

The MMR vaccine is used to protect children against measles, mumps and rubella. (a) Complete the sentences about vaccination. Vaccines stimulate white blood cells to produce .......................................... . This makes children ....................................................... to the pathogen.

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Name: ______________________________

Describe how the percentage of children vaccinated with the MMR vaccine changed between 1990 and 1995.

Does the data in the graph support a link between MMR vaccination and autism? Explain your answer.

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