Donica P.

Hermosilla

LLB-1 LEGAL MAXIMS

Statutory Construction

No.
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LEGAL MAXIM
Contemporea exposito est optima et fotissima in lege Ex dolo mato non oritur action Favores ampliandi sunt, odia restringenda Generia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda In eo quod plus sit, simper inest et minus Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litum Interporare et concordare legibus est optimus interpotandi modus Interpretatio talis in ambiguis simper fienda est ut critetur inconvenies et absurdum Legis interpretation legis vim obtinent Lex de futuro, judex de praterito Noscitur a sociis Optimus interpres rerum usus Potior est in tempore potior est in jure Rotihabo mandato aquiparatur Reddendo singula singulis Salus populi est suprema lex Stare decisis et non quieta movers Ut res magis valeat quam pereat Verba intentioni, non e contra, debent inservire Inter alia Lis mota Que cada palo aguan te suvela Sine qua non Index ex alterius incommode debet lecupletari Jus soli Obiter dictum Fiat justicia, nuat coelum Verba Legis Index animi sermo Maledicta est expositio quae corrumpit textum Dura lex sed lex Absoluta sentential expositore non indi Hoc quidem perquam durum est, sed ita lex scripta est Interpretation fienda est ut res magis valeat quam pereat

TRASLATION
The contemporary construction is the strongest law. No man can be allowed to found a claim upon his own wrong doing. Penal laws which are favorable to the accused are given retroactive effect. What is generally spoken shall be generally understood. The greater includes the lesser. Public interest requires that by the very nature of things there must be an end to a legal controversy. Every statute must be so construed and harmonized with another statutes as t form uniform system of laws Where there is ambiguity, such interpretation as will avoid inconvenience and absurdity is to be adopted The authoritative interpretation of the court of a statute acquires the forces of law becoming a part thereof. The law provides for the future, judge for the past. The word construed with reference to accompanying or associated words. The best interpreter of the law is usage. He who is first in time is preferred right. Legislative ratification is equivalent to a mandate. Referring each to each; referring each phrase or expression to its appropriate object; or let each be put in its proper place. The voice of the people in the supreme law. Follow past precedence and do not disturb what has been settled. That construction is to be sought which gives effect to the whole of the statuteits every words. Words ought to be more subservient to the intent and not to the words. Amongst other things. The cause of a suit or action. Each mask should bear its sail. Non indispensable. No man ough to be made reich out of anothers injury. Citizenship by place of birth. Said in passing. Let the right be done, though the heavens fall. Plain meaning rule Speech is the index of intention It is dangerous construction which is against the text The law may be harsh, but it is still the law When the language of the law is clear, no explanation of it is required. It is exceedingly hard but so the law is written That interpretation as will give the thing efficacy is to be adopted, as well as the rule that provisions on initiative should be liberally construed to effectuate their purposes, to facilitate and not to hamper the exercise by voters of the rights granted thereby. Interpretation according to the spirit or reason of the law Words ought to be more subservient to the intent and not the intent to the words. When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself ceases. The reason of the law is its soul. Surplusage does not vitiate a statute. Useful vitiated by the non-useful. False description preclude construction nor vitiate the meaning of the statute which is otherwise clear. In other words, there is no obligation to do an impossible thing.

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Ratio legis Verba intentioni, non e contra, debent inservire Cessante ratione legis, cessat et ipsa lex Ratio legis est anima Surplusagium no noceat Utile per inutile non vitiatur Falsa demonstration non nocet, cum de corpore constrat Impossibilium nulla obligatio

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Ex necessitate legis Nullus commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum Ubi lex non distinguit nec nos distinguere debemus Generalia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda Generale dictum generaliter est interpretandum Verba accipienda sunt secundum materiam Ejusdem generis Expressio unius est exclusio alterius Expressum facit cessare tacitum Exceptio firmat regulam in casibus non exceptis Argumentum a contrario Casus omissus pro omisso habendus est Ad proximum antecedens fiat relatio nisi impediatur sententia Optima statuti interpretatrix est ipsum statutum Interpretatio fienda est ut res magis valeat quam pereat Interpretare et concordare leges legibus est optimus interpretandi modus Distingue tempora et concordabis jura Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea Actus me invito factus non est meus actus Privilegia recipiunt largam interpretationem voluntati consonam concedentis Nullum tempus occurrit regi Pari materia Nova constitutio futuris forman imponere debet non praeteritis. Nullum crimen sine poena, nulla poena sine legi Leges posteriors priores contraria ab Generalia specialibus non derogant Ubi jus ibi remidium

From the necessity of the law No man should be allowed to take advantage of his own wrong. What cannot, by law, be done directly cannot be done indirectly. Where the law does not distinguish, we ought not to distinguish. What is generally spoken shall be generally understood or general words should be understood in a general sense. A general statement is understood in a general sense. A word is to be understood in the context in which The same kind or specie The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. What is expressed puts an end to that which is implied. A maxim of recognized utility is the rule that the express exception, exemption or saving excludes others What is expressed puts an end to that which is implied or negative-opposite doctrine A person, object or thing omitted from an enumeration must be held to have been omitted intentionally. Relative words refer to the nearest antecedents, unless the context otherwise requires. The best interpreter of a statute is the statute itself A law should be interpreted with a view to upholding rather than destroying it. Every statute must be so construed and harmonized with other statutes as to form a uniform system of jurisprudence. Distinguish times and you will harmonize laws The act itself does not make a man guilty unless his intention were so. An act done by me against my will is not my act Privileges are to be interpreted in accordance with the will of him who grants them. No time runs against the king- it means that the crown can proceed with actions that would be barred if brought by an individual due to the passage of time. Upon the same matter or subject. A new statute should affect the future, not the past There is no crime without a penalty, and there is no penalty with-out a law. Later statute repeals prior ones which are repugnant thereto A general law does not nullify a specific or special law Where there is right, there is remedy.