What is prazosin?

------Alpha-adrenergic Blocker (Antagonist)

Prazosin is in a class of drugs called alpha-adrenergic blockers. Prazosin causes the blood vessels (veins and arteries) to relax and expand, which allows blood to pass more easily through them.

Prazosin is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). What is metoprolol?------Beta-adrenergic Blocker (Antagonist)

Metoprolol is in a group of drugs called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers affect the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins).

Metoprolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack. What is diazepam (Valium)------Benzodiazepine

Diazepam is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Diazepam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety.

Diazepam is used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms. Diazepam is sometimes used with other medications to treat seizures. What is lisinopril?------Lisinopril is in a group of drugs called ACE inhibitors. ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme.

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack. What is candesartan?------ARB

Candesartan

is in a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Candesartan keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.

Candesartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is sometimes given together with other blood pressure medications.

Candesartan is also used to treat kidney problems caused by type 2 (not insulin-dependent) diabetes. What is amlodipine (Norvasc)?------Amlodipine is in a group of drugs called calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine relaxes (widens) blood vessels and improves blood flow.

Amlodipine is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) or chest pain (angina). What is atorvastatin (Lipitor)?------Lipid-lowering drug

Atorvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering medication that blocks the production of cholesterol (a type of fat) in the body.

Atorvastatin reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol in the blood. Lowering your cholesterol can help prevent heart disease and hardening of the arteries, conditions that can lead to heart attack, stroke, and vascular disease.

Atorvastatin is used to treat high cholesterol. Atorvastatin is also used to lower the risk of stroke, heart attack, or other heart complications in people with coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes. What is Alteplase------Thrombolytic

Mechanism of Action converts plasminogen to plasmin, promoting fibrinolysis (tissue plasminogen activator)

What is enoxaparin (Lovenox)------Anticoagulant

Enoxaparin is a blood thinner, also called anticoagulant (an-tye-koe-AG-yoo-lant). Enoxaparin prevents the formation of blood clots.

Enoxaparin is used to prevent blood clots that are sometimes called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to blood clots in the lungs. A DVT can occur after certain types of surgery, or in people who are bed-ridden due to a prolonged illness. DVT sometimes occurs suddenly for other reasons.

Enoxaparin is also used to prevent blood vessel complications in people with certain types of angina (chest pain) or heart attacks called non-Q-wave myocardial infarction or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. What is prednisone?------Corticosteroid

Prednisone is in a class of drugs called steroids. Prednisone prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.

Prednisone is used to treat many different conditions such as allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders. What is alendronate (Fosamax)?------bisphosphonate for osteoporosis

Alendronate is in the group of medicines called bisphosphonates (bis FOS fo nayts). It alter s the cycle of bone formation and breakdown in the body. Alendronate slows bone loss while increasing bone mass, which may prevent bone fractures.

Alendronate is used to treat or prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and steroid-induced osteoporosis. Alendronate is also used to treat Paget's disease of bone. What is albuterol?------Bronchodilator

Albuterol works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing.

Albuterol is used to treat bronchospasm (wheezing, shortness of breath) associated with reversible obstructive airway disease such as asthma. What is cimetidine (Tagamet)?------Histamine2 blocker - acid reducer

Cimetidine is in a group of drugs called histamine receptor antagonists. Cimetidine works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach produces.

Cimetidine is used to treat and prevent certain types of ulcer, and to treat conditions that cause the stomach to produce too much acid. Cimetidine is also used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus and causes heartburn. What is omeprazole (Prilosec)?------Protein pump inhibitor - acid reducer

Omeprazole decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach.

Omeprazole is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions caused by excess stomach acid. Omeprazole is also used to promote healing of erosive esophagitis (damage to your esophagus caused by stomach acid).

Omeprazole may also be given together with antibiotics to treat gastric ulcer caused by infection with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). What is amoxicillin?------Penicillin antibiotic.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs. It fights bacteria in your body.

Amoxicillin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections, bladder infections, pneumonia, gonorrhea, and E. coli or salmone lla infection. Amoxicillin is also sometimes used together with another antibiotic called clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is sometimes used with a stomach acid reducer called lansoprazole (Prevacid). What is cefazolin (Ancef)?------Penicillin antibiotic.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs. It fights bacteria in your body.

Amoxicillin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections, bladder infections, pneumonia, gonorrhea, and E. coli or salmone lla infection. Amoxicillin is also sometimes used together with another antibiotic called clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is sometimes used with a stomach acid reducer called lansoprazole (Prevacid). What is cefazolin (Ancef)?------Penicillin antibiotic.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs. It fights bacteria in your body.

Amoxicillin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections, bladder infections, pneumonia, gonorrhea, and E. coli or salmone lla infection. Amoxicillin is also sometimes used together with another antibiotic called clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is sometimes used with a stomach acid reducer called lansoprazole (Prevacid). What is cefazolin (Ancef)------Cephalosporin antibiotic.

Cefazolin is in a group of drugs called cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotics. It works by fighting bacteria in your body.

Cefazolin injection is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms. What is tetracycline?------Tetracycline antibiotic.

Tetracycline is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.

Tetracycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, acne, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and others. What is levofloxacin (Levaquin)?------Fluoroquinolones antibiotic.

Levofloxacin is in a group of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones (flor-o-KWIN-o-lones). Levofloxacin fights bacteria in the body.

Levofloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, or prostate. Levofloxacin is also used to treat bacterial infections that cause bronchitis or pneumonia, and to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax. What is azithromycin (Zithromax)?------Macrolide antibiotic.

Azithromycin is in a group of drugs called macrolide antibiotics. Azithromycin fights bacteria in the body.

Azithromycin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as respiratory infections, skin infections, ear infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. What is gentamicin?------Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Also look for -mycin

Gentamicin is an antibiotic. It fights bacteria in the body.

Gentamicin is used to treat severe or serious bacterial infections. What is itraconazole?------Antifungal antibiotic.

Itraconazole is an antifungal antibiotic.

Itraconazole is used to treat infections caused by fungus, which can invade any part of the body including the lungs, mouth or throat, toenails, or fingernails. What is alprazolam?------Benzodiazepine.

Alprazolam is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Alprazolam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety.

Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression. What is meperidine (Demerol)?------Narcotic analgesic. Don't confuse it with -tidine!!!!

Meperidine is in a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers. It is similar to morphine.

Meperidine is used to treat moderate-to-severe pain. -zine:------can it be sedative / anti-psychotic med ????

- Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)

- chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - anti-psychotic

-zapine------olanzapine (Zyprexa) and clozapine (Clorazil) - anti-psychotic med - S/E: example side effects to look for - extrapyramidial symptoms (stiffness and tremors) - Zyprexa - suppress bone marrow and cause agranulocytosis - Clorazil Lithium (Lithane)------ - regular sodium intake and adequate fluid intake SULFA- SULFO-------sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

sulfonamides used to treat inflammatory bowel disease ie. ulcerative colitis What is butorphanol nasal (Stadol)?------Butorphanol is in a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers. It is similar to morphine.

Butorphanol is used to treat moderate to severe pain. What is magnesium sulfate injection?------Magnesium is a naturally occurring mineral. Magnesium is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves.

Magnesium sulfate injection is used to used to control low blood levels of magnesium (hypomagnesemia). Magnesium sulfate injection is also used for pediatric acute nephritis and to prevent seizures in severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or toxemia of pregnancy.

It is a CNS depressant; s/e is oliguria. What is metronidazole (Flagyl)?------Metronidazole is an antibiotic. It fights bacteria in your body.

Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and

respiratory tract. This medication will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.

Metronidazole may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. What is risperidone (Risperidal)?------Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication. It works by changing the effects of chemicals in the brain.

Risperidone is used to treat schizophrenia and symptoms of bipolar disorder (manic depression). Risperidone is also used in autistic children to treat symptoms of irritability.

Risperidone may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. What is tranylcypromine?------Parnate (tranylcypromine) - a MAO inhibitor - avoid food with tyramine (aged cheese, yogurt, beer, wine) to prevent hypertensive crisis. Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain.

Tranylcypromine is used to treat major depressive episode in adults. This medication is usually given after other anti-depressants have been tried without successful treatment of symptoms. Tranylcypromine will not treat bipolar disorder (manic depression).

Amphojel------an antacid Aminophylline------a bronchodilator drug combination that contains theophylline an d ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio NSAIDS i.e. Motrin------- can cause GI distress, take with meals. FLUID (SOLUTION) TYPES:------1. Isotonic used to replace electrolytes - example: 0.9 % NaCl, LR

2. HYPERtonic *NOT* used for dehydration - D5NS

3. HYPOtonic corrects dehydration by shifting fluid into intercellular space. - 0.45% NaCl IF stool turns very dark------indicates GI bleeding Anti-dote for anti-pyschotic meds is------Congentin or Artane Beta blockers may mask what symptoms?------May mask symptoms of HYPOglycemia (Diab etes) ACE inhibitors can cause what symptoms?------ACE inhibitors can cause low blood su gar (hypoglycemia) Drug of choice for PVC's?------Lidocaine Drug of choice for MI?------Morphine sulfate. NSAIDS S/E:------ like ibuprofen (Motrin) S/E: - Tinnitus (higher priority) - GI distress Enalapril maleate (Vasotec) What can it be used for?------ACE Inhibitor- for mild hypertension Demerol can mask ???------If pt in accident, be careful when giving Demerol. Pt ma y have increased ICP. Demerol masks ICP. Do not give.

Drug of choice for diabetes insipidus------desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) Amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil): administration------remember to shake bottle; par ticles aren't totally dissolved in a suspension. Prednisone causes ???- administration- long term use------HYPERglycemia- should be taken with meals (causes gastric irritation).- Long term use can cause osteopor osis. Sorbitol------(natural laxative and sweetener) may be in liquid medication; may cause diarrhea Med for HYPERkalemia------sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) Insulin NPH peak------8 12 hrs Insulin Semilente peaks------8 12 hrs Insulin Lente effective for------24 36 hrs Reg insulin onset------0.5 1 hr African Americans Heart meds------- Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors less effectiv e with African Americans- Better to use CCB like Nifedipine Beta blockers contraindicated for those with------1. hx of bronchial asthma > may cause bronchospasm.2. uncompensated Heart Failure and pulmonary edema

Antidote for Bblocker toxicity------Glucagon How Glucagon can help Beta Blocker OD's?------Glucagon receptor is found in the he art. You cannot use epi in treatment since epi needs Beta receptors that have be en blocked.What you need to do in ODs, is maintain blood pressure and prevent ar rhythmias. Glucagon does this as its receptor is Gs Protein coupled. This means it increase cAMP (just like the Beta-1 receptor). Basically it is a back door wa y to "activate" Beta-1 by causing the same downstream effects in the same target organ, without using the Beta-1 receptor.Note that the Glucagon is given IV, no t IM, and not reconstituted with the diluent provided. What is glucagon?------Glucagon is a hormone produced in the pancreas. It increase s blood sugar levels.Glucagon is used to treat insulin coma or insulin reaction resulting from severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). How BB mask signs of ???------The reason for B-blocker masking the hypoglycemia is b /c B-blockers inhibit flight, fright n fight response by blocking symp. Activity , which is very crucial in DMIf pt doesn't have any clues he would be unable to take any action and might die without knowing what went wrong. How does BB cause ???------How does BB cause HYPERglycemia?Note: B2 (via Epi) stim ulation causes increase gycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis & increase insulin secret ion, which helps decrease blood glucose. If we block B2 receptors, the insulin s ecretion will decrease, which will cause HYPERglycemia. What is Glucophage (Metformin)?------Metformin is an oral diabetes medicine that h elps control blood sugar levels. Metformin should be taken with meals to prevent N/V, abd cramps. If taking anti-anxiety meds, S&S to be concerned------drowsiness Flu vaccine------egg allergy Pain med okay for hemophilia pts?------ Percodan = oxycodone with aspirin; No for hemophilia Pain meds (2) NOT okay for hemophilia pts?------1. oxycodone with acetaminophen; o k for hemophilia pts.2. Motrin = No for hemophilia, decrease platelet aggregation Indomethacin (Indocin) - drug class?------NSAID Bethanechol (Urecholine)------cholinergic (parasympathomimetic):- treat functional urinary retention > help pee Dicyclomine (Bentyl)------An anti-cholinergic. Promotes urinary retention Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - drug class?------anticonvulsant med Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) - S&S to be concerned?------fever & sore th roat > sign of infection > bone marrow depression phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) - Diet & S&S------MAOi - NO eating food with tyramine. - ex: aged cheese, beer, wine, yogurt AND bananas, yes bananas!!!! - eating aged cheese like grilled cheddar cheese on wheat bread > may cause HYPERtensive cris is.- another S&S may be slurred speech Vit B6------TB Vit B12------pernicious anemia ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) and furosemide (Lasix)------Loop diuretics:- K wasting; encourage pt to eat K rich foods like OJ, bananas, broccoli, spinach, cantaloupe .- Yup! Better to choose to drink orange juice than water to restore K lost by L asix!!!! Clonidine (Catapres) transdermal patch------- alpha-adrenergic for HYPERtension- c hange q 7 days Lithium - Expected S&S------ Anti-manic med.Pt expected to be thirsty, have fine hand tremors, mild nausea, freq urination til therapeutic level reached (in 7 10

days); this ok and again expected. Lithium: EARLY sign of tox------N/V, slurred speech, muscle weakness

Lithium: LATE sign of tox------Ataxia Clozapine (Clorazil) - drug class?------antipsychotic med If pt is going to surgery is on prednisone, anticipate increase or decrease of d osage ???------Anticipate the INCREASE of dosage before surgery because surgery INCREASES the demand for corticosteroids. What is disulfiram (Antabuse):?------Disulfiram interferes with the metabolism of alcohol resulting in unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed. Disulfiram is used to treat chronic alcoholism.NOTE: avoid OTC cold meds b/c it contains alcoh ol. Theophylline (aminophylline) - drug class and S&S?------bronchodilatorS/E: tachy MI > Morphine sulfate------decrease blood to heart > decrease peripheral resistance Dopamine (vasoactive med) > if HYPOtensive------ increase blood to heart > increase peripheral resistance Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - drug class?------anti-emetic Hydralazine hydrochloride (Apresoline)------Vasodilator = anti-hypertensive Diazepam (Valium)------benzodiazepine for anxiety, seizures Pentamidine isethionate (Pentam) - drug class?------antiprotozal agent Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - drug class?------anti-psychotic and anti-emetic Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Reglan)------stimulates motility of upper GI tract; used for nausea for chemotherapy. What is cisplatin (Platinol)?------Cisplatin is an antineoplastic medication. Cisp latin interferes with the growth of cancer cells and slows their growth and spre ad in the body. What is phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?------Phenazopyridine is a pain reliever that a ffects the lower part of your urinary tract (bladder and urethra).Phenazopyridin e is used to treat pain, burning, increased urination, and increased urge to uri nate. Topiramate (Topamax) - drug class?------ anti-convulsant Insulin scenario: Before NPH 40 units @ 7am After NPH 30 units, Reg insulin 10 uni ts @ 7am Insulin reaction should occur at what time?------Answer = 11:00 am

Aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel) - drug class and what is it used for?------antac id > prevents epigastric pain.- take 1 hr AFTER meal. Aspirin - Nursing considerations------Do not give together with other anticoagulan ts. Stop taking Aspirin some days before surgery. Do not give to children with v iral infection(Reye syndrome) NSAID's - Nursing considerations------e.g. IbuprofenTake with food; contraindicated for people with GI ulcers Morphine - Concerned S/E?------A respiratory depressant. It should be withheld if

the respirations are below 10. Dilantin - S/E?------Causes gum hyperplasia. Advice client to visit dentist freque ntly. Predisone: S&S and S/E?------An anti-inflammatory / steroidCauses Cushing like sym ptoms. Common side effects are immunosupression(monitor client for infection), h yperglycemia Heparin: Lab and antidote?------PTT. Antidote is protamine sulfate Coumadin: Lab and antidote?------PT. Antidote is Vitamin K Cogentin------Anti-Parkinsonian medsCogentin: Used to treat EPS Sinemet------Anti-Parkinsonian medsSinemet: Drug is effective when tremors are not observed Theophylline/Aminophylline------Resp. Side effects: Tachycardia Digoxin (Lanoxin): Signs of toxicity:------Pt will complaint of visual change in c olors. They would also complain of loss of appetite. Magnesium Sulfate: Monitor for ???------Anti-hypertensive (Pre-eclampsia)Monitor f or deep tendon reflex and respiratory depression Hydrochlothiazide: Monitor------potassium levels Lasix: Monitor------potassium levels Aldactone:------Potassium sparing Lithium Carbonate: Ther. rangeDiet------(0.8 to 1.2mEq). Also know symptoms of tox icity. Adequate fluid and salt intake is important. Disulfiram (Antabuse) - Used for and nursing considerations?------Used for alcohol aversion therapy. Clients started on Disulfiram must avoid any form of alcohol or they would develop a severe reaction. Teach pt to avoid some over-the-counter cough preparations, mouthwash etc. Oxytocin: Assess ???------Assess uterus frequently for tetanic contraction. Narcan - Used for?------Reverses the effects of narcotics Calcium Gluconate - Used for?------Antidote for magnesium sulfate Vitamin K - Used for?------Antidote for Coumadin carbamazepine (Tegretol): side effects.------signs of an allergic reactionfever, s ore throatconfusion, headacheN/V Atropine - drug class? Used for?------anti-spasmodic / anticholinergic.used for tx of spastic bladder and bowel; diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, irritable b owel syndrome Epogen - Used for?------Used in treating anemia because it increases RBC productio n. Acyclovir - drug class and used for?------anti-viral medication; used in treating herpes zoster (shingles).