Biology / 5090 Reproduction in Plants

Change in Flower after Fertilization Prepared by: Ahmed Kalim Niazi

Objective
Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation (production of endosperm and details of development are not required);

Describe means.
Describe a process requires the candidate to give a step-by-step written statement of what happens during the process. Describe and explain may be coupled, as may state and explain.

Flower after Fertilisation

Sepals, petals, stamens, style and stigma Ovary and its contents Ovary Ovary wall Wall of ovule Ovule stalk Endosperm nucleus Usually dry up and fall off (sometime certain parts persist and develop to help in fruit and seed disposal.) Remains to grow and develop as given below Fruit Fruit wall or pericarp Seed coat or testa Seed stalk Endosperm (in some cases this is absorbed by the embryo during seed formation.) Embryo consisting of the plumule, radicle and cotyledone.

Zygote

Thus, what is a flower before fertilization becomes a fruit which encloses seeds bearing embryos after fertilisation.

Main Functions of Fruit

Protect the seeds and the embryos they contains, and Disperse seeds to new habitats. In a suitable habitat the pericarp of fruit break down to release the seeds. When conditions are favorable the seeds germinate and the embryos grow and develop into new plants..

1. The diagram shows part of a flower at the time of pollination

How does the male gamete reach the female gamete? A. A pollen tube grows down the style. B The pollen grain moves down the style. C The male gamete digests its way down the style. D The male gamete swims down the style.

2. Which statement correctly describes advantages or disadvantages of selfpollination to a plant? A. It needs a lot of pollen but can happen when a plant is on its own B. It needs little pollen but there is a high chance of pollination. C. It needs no agent to transfer pollen but pollination is unlikely. D. It needs two plants of the same species but there is little variation in the offspring. B

3. New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plants. The diagram shows part of plant X. From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to plant X?

4. The diagram shows a section through a flower.

In which structures are haploid nuclei formed by reduction division? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

5. What passes down a pollen tube after pollination? A. female nucleus B. male nucleus C. ovule D. pollen grain

6. The diagrams show two kinds of fruit.

How are the seeds of these fruits dispersed? 1 A B C D Birds Birds Mammals Wind Wind Birds Mammals 2 Mammals