Intro: NERVOUS SYSTEM

Dr Rosie Pamela

What is nervous system?

Enables body to react to changes in int & ext env

Controls & integrates activities in the body- circ, resp etc

Nervous system
thoughts, learning, memory Enables basic motor skills and sensingnociception, proprioception

Learning outcomes:
Organization of the nervous system Nervous tissue CNS & PNS Somatic and autonomic nervous system Spinal cord Terminology Nucleus & ganglia Fasciculus/ tracts Plexus

Interesting facts about adult human brain

1.3 -1.4 kg 100 billion neurons 60 trillion connections 140 billion supporting cells (neuroglia) 150,000-180,000 km of myelinated nerve fibres Neurons are born at a rate of 250,000 neurons/minute in embryo Neocortical neurons die at a rate of 1 per second (85,000 per day)

General Organization (Basic Concept)

Sensory

Central processing unit

Motor

Nervous tissue
2 main types of cells:

i) Neuron specialized & amitotic conducts nerve impulses 3 basic parts:

ii. Neuroglia Does not conduct nerve impulses function to support, nourish & protect neurons

Types of neurons

Supporting Cells: Neuroglia

CT of nervous system 5:1

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain

& spinal cord Bony protection gray matter neuron cell bodies & unmyelinated fibers white matter myelinated fibers. Surrounded by meninges & CSF

Parts of brain:

Functional areas of Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex: Broadmann area

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Homunculus (sensory)

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Cranial & spinal nerves & ganglia

31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord

Dermatome?

Ant root contain efferent fibers. (skeletal muscle -motor fibers) Post root contain afferent fibers (sensory fibers). Cell bodies in DRG. Motor+sensory fibersspinal nerve

area of skin surface supplied by sensory branch of single spinal nerve

Plexuses- joining of anterior rami at root of the limbs; collection of nerve fibers

An axon can travel a distance of 3ft

Somatic part of nervous system

Post ramusSupply m & skin of back Ant ramus Supply m & skin of antlat body wall & limbs

ANS

Innervates involuntary structures

SYMPATHETIC Thoracolumbar Flight/fright/fight; stress & emergency heart rate, bp, peristalsis redistribution of blood frm skin & intestine brain, heart & skel m. PARASYMPATHETIC Craniosacral Rest & digest; normal activity Conserves energy (opp action)

Controlled by hypothalamus Maintains homeostasis

ANS-sympathetic system

Efferent fibers: Lat horn (T1-L2) contains cell body of SCN myelinated axons leave in ant n roots white rami comparavert sym ganglia

(SCN)

Afferent fibers: Myelinated fibers frm viscera sym ganglia (wout synapg) white rami com cell body in DRG axon enter spinal cord local reflex arch /r brain centers

ANS-parasympathetic system Efferent fibers: Craniosacral component

Myelinated axons leave via sacral nerves pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse in ganglia in hypogastric plexuses / walls of viscera Ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular & otic ganglia

Afferent fibers: Afferent myelinated fibers from viscera Cell body of DRG in sacrospinal nerve Local reflex arch

Cell body in sensory ganglia r centers of ANS

The end