1. Explain the differences in seasons. 2. Rainfall in tropical regions- high rainfall along with high temperatures. 3.

What would happen if the Earth no longer had a tilt? o If the Earth no longer had a tilt seasons would cease to exist and there would be a change in the direction of the ocean currents, hence changing the climate. 4. Different Biomes: o Tropical Rain Forest: Temp: 77-86 F Rainfall: 100-250 inches a year Biodiversity: 70% Poor soil Limiting factor: space and sunlight o The African Savannah: Short rain season Limiting factor: water o Desert Biome: Found between 20-30 N and S (lat) Less than 10 inches of rain annually Plants often spaced evenly Very fragile biome Limiting factor: water o Sonoran Desert: Hot days, cold nights Soil: sandy- high mineral content Growing season 3-6 weeks Limiting factor: water o Chaparral Biome: Coastal regions Summers are hot and dry Small trees and large shrubs are found here o Grasslands: 10-30 inches of rain annually Most fertile soil in the world Hot summers cold winters Growing season: 8 months o Temperate Deciduous Forest: 30-60 inches of rain annually Mostly trees which are bare in the winter( Low plant diversity) Leaf litter on soil High animal diversity Mild summers, cold winters o Temperate Rain Forest: Abundant rain Soil is rarely frozen Usually in coastal areas

o Taiga: Winters are long and cold Northern Canada and Eurasia Low diversity Cool summers, very cold winters o Tundra: 10 inches of rain a year Permanently frozen soil Cold summers, extremely cold winters 5. Biome: Major types of ecological association that occupy broad geographic regions of land or water and are characterized by organisms adapted to the particular environments. Ecosystem: All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (Abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment. *******Be able to describe how the two terms differ (a biome can be an ecosystem, but an ecosystem is not always a biome. Swamps, caves, and ponds are ecosystems but are not biomes. 6. The most popular dispersion patter??? Clumped because organisms flock to areas with resources, such as water. 7. Survivorship cure:

8. Population curves: Types J shaped S shaped Predator prey

9. Carrying capacity: in a population, the number of individuals that an environment can sustain.

Humans control their carrying capacity. 10. Factors that affect population growth: Birth rate Death rate Migration Immigration Emigration Good conditions: BOOM, bad conditions: BUST. 11. Three patterns of human population pattern a.k.a. age structure

12. Know about food chains/ food webs. 13. Three different types of symbiotic relationships: Mutualism-benefits both partners. Ex: look at 37.4 in the book Parasitism- one benefits other is harmed. Ex: leach Commensalism- one organism benefits without affecting the other. Ex: Barnacles on a whale

14. Coevolution: evolutionary change in which adaptions in one species act as a selective force on a second. Inducing adaptions that in turn act as a selective force for the first species. Ex: Antelope becomes a faster runner; the lion becomes a faster runner and so on. 15. Resource partitioning: Where resources in an environment are limited, different species have evolved to "share" the specific resource, for example: large herbivores such as zebra and wildebeest will live together in herds in the African bushveld. They are both grazers, but feed on different parts of the grass plants. Space may also be shared in a similar way.

Different birds live in different parts of the tree. 16. Know the 10% law 17. Food pyramid: o The farther you move up the food pyramid the less food is available and less numbers of living animals

18. Be able to identify the parts of a food web/ chain 19. Nitrogen cycle:

20. Carbon cycle:

21. Know about global warming, global climate, and global change.