Vivienne Tran Per.

Chapter 13: The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy (1824-1830)

Questions: 1. According to New Democracy, what did westerners believe made a man qualified for political office? Notes: I. Prologue: 1819 A. The West, 1803-1840s B. The argument over Missouri 1. Early in 1819, slaveholding Missouri applied for admission to the Union as the first new state to be carved out of the Louisiana Purchase 2. Which group of individuals filled most high political offices in the Age of New 2. Northerners objected to admission of new slave state Democracy? C. The Missouri Compromise 1. New Congress that convened in winter of 1819-20 passed package that became known as 3. What was the core belief about Missouri Compromise government in New Democracy? 2. Crisis over Missouri brought Souths commitment to slavery and Norths resentment of southern political power into collision 4. Why did the property qualification for D. The Panic of 1819 voting become almost meaningless in the 1. Depression that followed Panic of 1819 was West? first failure of market economy 2. As a result of the nationwide economic collapse, many Americans directed their 5. In New Democracy, who should have resentment onto the banks, particularly the the right to vote? Second Bank of the United States II. Republican Revival A. Martin Van Buren leads the way 6. Why did the panic of 1819 get many B. The election of 1824 people involved in politics? 1. Crowded field of contenders for presidency 2. Only candidate with anything approaching national appeal was Andrew Jackson C. A Corrupt Bargain 7. Why was interest in politics on the part of the common people invigorated in the 1. Corrupt bargain said to have given election to John Quincy Adams 1820s? a. Speaker of the House Henry Clay would ensure Adamss election b. In exchange, Adams would make Clay 8. What was the impact of the Missouri secretary of state Compromise on white southerners? 2. Charge of corruption followed Clay for rest of his career D. Jacksonian melodrama 9. Which political party was the first to 1. Like many others, Jackson feared that hold a national nominating convention? selfishness and intrigue had corrupted govt 2. Believed that virtuous citizenry was republics best hope 10. Describe the following people and their III. Adams versus Jackson political qualifications/experience.

Vivienne Tran Per.3 Andrew Henry John C. Jackson Clay Calhoun William Crawford A. Nationalism in an international arena B. Nationalism at home 1. As president, Adams tried to translate his fervent nationalism into domestic policy 2. Congress never acted on presidents plan and nation simply marked time until election of 1828 C. The birth of the Democratic Party 1. Jackson and his supporters prepared in earnest for election 2. Create disciplined and committed Democratic Party that would continue states-rights, limited government position of old Jeffersonian Republicans 3. Jackson seen as candidate who could ensure democracy, continuation of slavery, and preservation of Union D. The election of 1828 1. Campaign was exercise in slander rather than debate on public issues 2. Campaign caught popular imagination, and voter turnout double that of 1824 3. Jackson received 56 percent of popular vote in triumph of democracy over genteel statesmanship, of limited government over expansive nationalism, of South and West over New England E. A peoples imagination F. The spoils system 1. Jackson invariably filled vacancies with Democrats who had worked for his election 2. In building the Democratic Party around patronage, Jackson and Van Buren gave their opponents powerful issue IV. Jacksonian Democracy and the South A. Southerners and Indians 1. Southwestern whites resented federal Indian policy as affront to both white democracy and states rights 2. Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi defied federal jurisdiction and came to extend their own authority over Indian lands B. Indian removal 1. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1830) declared Indians domestic dependent nations 2. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) declared

11. Date the following events and put them in the correct order: Webster Hayne Debate, Missouri Compromise, Corrupt Bargain, South Carolina Exposition.

12. Why did the House of Representatives decide the 1824 Presidential Election?

13. Why was John Quincy Adams charged by his political opponents as having struck a corrupt bargain in 1824?

14. Describe John Quincy Adams as a politician and the key events of his presidential career.

15. What were the main criticisms of John Quincy Adams while he was president?

16. What was the Tariff of 1828? Which groups supported it and why?

17. Which section of the United States was most hurt by the Tariff of 1828? Why were they hurt by it/why did they dislike it?

18. Discuss John C. Calhouns South Carolina Exposition. What did it argue

Vivienne Tran Per.3 for and why was it significant? Georgias extension of state law over Cherokee land unconstitutional 3. Jackson refused to accept or enforce the decision and allowed the southwestern states to encroach on Indian lands 4. In 1838, Martin Van Buren sent army to march remaining 18,000 Cherokee to Oklahoma C. Southerners and the tariff D. Nullification 1. Argument that the Constitution was compact between sovereign states and that states could decide constitutionality of federal laws 2. Jackson, despite his stand on states rights, did not believe in nullification E. The Petticoat Wars F. The fall of Calhoun G. Petitions, the gag rule, and the southern mails 1. Radical evangelicals began postal campaign in 1835, flooding mail with antislavery tracts 2. From 1836, bombarded Congress with petitions for abolition of slavery and slave trade in District of Columbia 3. Postal campaign derailed by allowing New York postmaster to remove antislavery materials from mail 5. To deal with petitions, Congress simply voted annually from 1836 to 1844 to table them without reading them V. Jacksonian Democracy and the Market Revolution A. The Second Bank of the United States B. The Bank War 1. Jacksons political opponents backed early recharter of Bank in 1832 2. Jackson vetoed recharter bill in message that was manifesto of Jacksonian Democracy 3. Jackson reelected by landslide in 1832 C. The beginnings of the Whig Party D. A balanced budget 1. Deposit Act of 1836 increased number of banks receiving federal deposits and distributed excess funds to states for use on roads, canals, and schools 2. Jackson issued Specie Circular in 1836 forcing speculators to buy large parcels of public

19. For what reasons could Andrew Jacksons election to the presidency be described as the Revolution of 1828?

20. What were the key components of Andrew Jacksons political philosophy?

21. What did Andrew Jacksons inauguration as president symbolize?

22. What is the spoils system and what is its purpose?

23. Describe Jacksons principle of rotation in office, and what the spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in.

24. Explain the crisis in Andrew Jacksons cabinet during his first term.

25. What were the political consequences of the Eaton affair?

26. What was the Webster-Hayne debate? Summarize the major points of each participant in the Webster-Hayne Debate.

27. Explain the significance of the WebsterHayne debate and why the texts authors can claim that Webster probably did more than any other person to arouse the incoming generation of northerners to fight for the ideal of the Union.

Vivienne Tran Per.3 28. Explain why Andrew Jackson vetoed the Maysville Road Bill and how this connected to his political philosophy. land only with gold and silver coins but permitting settlers to continue using banknotes for family-sized plots 3. Jacksons final assault on paper economy VI. The Second American Party System A. Martin Van Ruin 1. Van Buren had barely taken office when Panic of 1837 hit 2. Whigs blamed depression on Jacksons hardmoney policies and scored huge gains in midterm elections in 1838 3. Democrats blamed crash on speculation, luxury, and Whig paper money B. The election of 1840 1. Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison of Ohio as candidate 2. Log cabin, cider barrel, and Harrisons folksiness and heroism constituted entire Whig campaign, while Van Buren was pictured as living in luxury at publics expense 3. Harrison won narrow majority of popular vote but landslide in electoral college C. Two parties 1. Election of 1840 signaled completion of second party system--most fully national alignment of parties in U.S. history 2. As contests became national, parties could take no state for granted

29. Why was the election of 1824 so ridden with conflict and confusion? What was at stake between the competing candidates, especially Adams and Jackson?

30. In 1816, John C. Calhoun had supported protective tariff legislation. In 1828, he denounced protective tariffs. Why did he switch?

Summary: