0G Name of System Year Origin Founder Organization MTS Mobile Telephony System 1946 St.

Louis (1946) Bell System American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) a pre-cellular VHF radio system that links to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). MTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. *a pre cellular VHF radio system that links to PSTN *operator assisted in both directions (half duplex) MTA*MTB*MTC 1971 Sweden

Description

The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a "0G" precellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. It was introduced in 1964 as a replacement to Mobile Telephone Service or MTS and improved on most MTS systems by offering direct-dial rather than connections through an operator.

Features Specifications: Transmission frequency Base Station Mobile Station Spacing between transmission and receiving frequencies Spacing between channels number of channels coverage radius audio signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation Control Signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation Data Transmission Rate Message Protection Applications Technological Advancement Transmit power Cell Site Mobile Handoff requirements number of channels

450 MHz frequency band

12

*used in car-based telephone, CB radio, taxis, police cars on TV programs

set up channels channel bandwidth multiple acess method modulation Detection Speed Coding Speech Frame Speech code rate power control increment Channel coding Transmit power Cell Site Mobile Range Equalizer Duration of slots Duplex Method Duplex Distance Channel Spacing/Bandwidth Channel Bit Rate Spectrum Efficiency Equalizer Interleaving Type of connection Billing Data rate Frequency Band Access Method

IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone System 1964 Bell System AT&T

MTD 1971 Sweden

AMTS

OLT
1966 Norway

. IMTS used additional radio channels, allowing more simultaneous calls in a given geographic area, introduced customer dialing, eliminating manual call set by an operator, and reduced the size and weight of the subscriber equipment *replacement of MTS *(full duplex)

150-450 Mhz

23 channels

1G Name of System AMPS Family N-AMPS (IS-88) Total Access Advances Mobile Telephone Communication System System (TACS) 1971 1983 AMPS North America AT&T and Motorola, Inc. Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murry Hill, New Jersey AMPS is a standard cellular telephone service (CTS) initially placed into operation on October 13, 1983 by Illinois Bell.*uses separate frequency channels for each conversation *"back end" call setup functionality *cell centers could flexibly assign channels to handsets based on signal strength allowing the same frequency to be reused in various locations without interference European Countries

Year Origin Founder Organization Description

In NAMPS systems each existing 30kilohertz voice channel was split into three 10kilohertz channels. Thus, in place of the 832 channels available in AMPS systems, the NAMPS system offered 2,496 channels.

Features Specifications: Transmission frequency Base Station Mobile Station Spacing between transmission and receiving frequencies Spacing between channels number of channels coverage radius audio signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation Control Signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation Data Transmission Rate

869 - 894 MHz 824 - 849 MHz

45 KHz 30 KHz 832 (control channel 21x2): interleave used 2 - 20 km FM 12 kHz

FSK 8 kHz 10 kbps Priciple of mdajority decision is Message Protection employed

Applications

Technological Advancement Modulation Transmit power

replaced by digital networks based on standards like DAMPS, GSM, CDMA2000 NBFM

Cell Site 7 W Mobile 7 W Handoff requirements number of channels set up channels channel bandwidth multiple acess method modulation Detection Speed Coding Speech Frame Speech code rate power control increment Channel coding Transmit power Cell Site Mobile Range Equalizer Duration of slots Duplex Method Duplex Distance Channel Spacing/Bandwidth Channel Bit Rate Spectrum Efficiency Equalizer Interleaving Type of connection Billing Data rate Frequency Band Access Method 21 control channels

395 voice channels 800 MHz frequency band 30 kHz bandwidth

S Family TACS ETACS NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 1983 England 1981 Sweden & Norway Nordic Telecommunications Administrations *first fully automatic cellular system *signal quality has a good coverage due to low frequencies West Germany (1985) DeTeMobil C-450 Radio Telephone Network C (C-450)

Other

Total Access Communication System or TACS is the European version of AMPS

935 - 960 MHz 890 - 915 MHz

461.3 - 465.74 MHz 451.3 - 455.74 MHz

45 KHz 25 kHz 1000 (control channel 21x2): interleave used 2 - 20 km FM 9.5 kHz FSK 6.4 kHz 8 kbps Priciple of mdajority decision is employed

10 KHz 20 kHz 222 5 - 30 km FM 4 kHz FSK 2.5 kHz 5.28 kbps Message is sent when error is detected.

*inhibited international it is the response for increasing roaming *used as a congestial & heavy requirements replacement for B-Netz of manual mobile phone especially in rural areas networks which lacked prior BNetz coverage replaced by D-Netz(GSM900) & E-Netz (GSM 1800)

450 MHz frequency band

20 KHz channel spacing

600-1200 bps signalling rate FDMA FM modulation FFSK modulation

Other Hicap Mobitex DataTAC

1980 Swedish Televerket Radio Nipon Telegraph and Telephone

1990 USA Motorola

*provides 2-way paging network services *first wireless network to provide always on wireless push email services

*open standard PTP wireless data communication similar to Mobitex

*puts a great emphasis on safety & reliability with its use by military, police, firefighters and ambulance services *used by first model of research in Motion's Blackberry & PDAs now marketed worldwide by Mobitex Technology

25 kHz carrier

12.5 kHz channel spacing

FDMA

Frequency Band North America: 900 MHZ Europe: 400- 480MHz GMSK 8000 bps signalling rate

2G GSM/3GPP family Name of System GSM (DCS-1900) Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Year Origin Founder Organization Description Group Special Mobile 1989 CSD

*designed to authenticate the subscriber using a preshared key & challenge response *uses several cryptographic algorithms for security *Digital voice service *Push-to-Talk (PTT) *Short Message Service (SMS) * Conference calling * Caller ID * Voice mail *simple data applications such as email and Web browsing GSM is a European digital cellular standard, GSM is allocated a spectrum exclusively In 1988 a group of government-owned public telephone bodies within the European Community announced the digital global system for mobile (GSM) communications, the first such system that would permit any cellular user in one European country to operate in another European country with the same equipment. GSM soon became ubiquitous throughout Europe.

Features Specifications: Transmission frequency Base Station Mobile Station Spacing between transmission and receiving frequencies Spacing between channels number of channels coverage radius audio signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation Control Signal Type of modulation Frequency Deviation

935 - 960 MHz 890 - 915 MHz

Data Transmission Rate 270 kbps Message Protection Applications

Technological Advancement

Modulation Transmit power Cell Site Mobile Handoff requirements 124 radio carriers voice channels per carrier: 8 number of channels set up channels 200 kHz channel bandwidth TDMA (8 time slots per channel multiple acess method GMSK with BT=0.3 modulation Detection Speed Coding Speech Frame Speech code rate power control increment Channel coding Transmit power Cell Site Mobile Range Equalizer Duration of slots Duplex Method Duplex Distance Channel Spacing/Bandwidth Channel Bit Rate Spectrum Efficiency Equalizer Interleaving Type of connection Billing Data rate Frequency Band Access Method
coherent detection RPE-LPC (regular pulse excited-LPC) 20 ms/frame 13 kbps

Convolutional code

equalize the time delay spread up to 16 s 0.557 ms (the frame of 8 slots iin 4.615 ms)

80 MHz 200 kHz

Circuit Switched Technology Duration of connection 9.6 Kbps 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station to base station) TDMA Channel data rate: 260.833 Kbps

frequency bands

900 MHz/ 1800 MHz

9.6 kbps data transmission

FDMA and TDMA

modulation: GMSK

200 KHz carrier separation

3GPP2 family cdmaOne (TIA/EIA/IS-95 and ANSI-J-STD 008) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA ONE/ IS-95) -1995 Korea

AMPS family D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)

North American Digital Cellular, NADC SKT Voted cellular digital standart at TIA, Allocated the same spectrum *a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to as analog cellular system, requires send voice, data and signalling data between a dual-mode (analog/digital) mobile telephones and cell sites subscriber's unit. D-AMPS (Digital*unlimited cell size, low transmitter power Advanced Mobile Phone Service), permits large cells *Digital voice service sometimes spelled DAMPS, is a *Push-to-Talk (PTT) digital version of AMPS (Advanced *Short Message Service (SMS) Mobile Phone Service), the original * Conference calling analog standard for cellular * Caller ID telephone phone service in the * Voice mail United States. *uses existing *simple data applications such as AMPS channels & allows for email and Web browsing smooth transition between digital and analog systems in same areas

869-894 MHz (US Cellular) 824-849 MHz (US Cellular)

869 - 894 MHz 824 - 849 MHz

1.25 MHz

*the technologies that followed DAMPS stuck to the digital backbone laid down by it *a pragmastic was launched to improve IS-136 that added extra channel to IS-54 hybrid design

analog to digital, digital to digital, digital to analog voice channels per carrier: 64 416 channels for band A and 416 channles for band B 21 ANALOG SETUP CHANNELS ARE USED FOR DIGITAL SYSTEM 30 kHz CDMA BPSK with Quadrature Spreading TDMA (3 time slots per channel) or FDM (/4) - DQPSK differential detection CELP @ 13 Kbps, EVRC @ 8 Kbps VSELP (vector sum excited LPC) 20 ms/frame 8 kbps

interleaving convultional code

equalize the time delay spread up to 60 s 6.6 ms FDD FDD

30 kHz 48.6 kbit/s 1.62 bit/s/Hz Unspecified 2 slot interleaver

Channel data rate: 1.2288 Mchips/sec

maximum speed: Up to 20Kbps CDMA

832 channels users/channel) 30 kHz channel spacing

(3

modulation: BPSK with quadrature spreading 1.25MHz carrier separation

frequency band 824-849 MHz, 869-894 MHz 30 kHz carrier separation TDMA/FDMA modulation: /4 DQPSK

CDPD

PHS Personal Cellular Digital Packet Data Integrated Digital Enhanced Personal Digital Cellular Handy Phone (CDPD) Network (iDEN) (PDC) System (PHS) 1990s 1991 -2005 -1989 Japan Japan Motorola NTT Lab

iDEN

Other PDC

*a wide area data service which used unused *provides users the benefits bandwidth normally used of a trunked radio & cellular by AMPS mobile phones telephone *first mobile *its design was based on social network several design *uses speech and TDMA objectivesthat are often compression to place more repeated in users in a given spectral designingoverlay networks/ space new networks

*cordless telephone with the capability to handover from 1 cell to another

824-849 MHz (US Cellular) 800 MHz, 1500 MHz (Japan)

30 KHz (IS-136) (25 KHz for PDC)

data solution for telemetry services *discontinued in conjunction with the retirement of the parent AMPS service *replaced by 1xRT, EV-DO & UMT HSPA

*phased out because of 3G

TDMA (/4) DQPSK

FDD

Channel Data rate:48.6 Kbps (IS-136) (25 KHz for PDC)

800-900MHz frequency band 19.2 kbps

25 kHz channel spacing frequency band 39MHz, 45MHz, 48Mhz TDMA

/4 DQPSK 11.2 kbps frequency band downlink: 810-888 MHz uplink: 893-958 MHZ TDMA

1880-1930 MHz

CDMA

1.23 MHz

BPSK Forward channel uses a coherent detection, reverse channel uses noncoherent detection

8 kbps (variable rate for nonvoice conditions) 0.5 Db convolutional code

1.25 W 300 Mw 13 miles