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NCHRP 9-30A
Calibration of Rutting Models for HMA Structural and Mix Design
Co-PIs:
Charles Schwartz/University of Maryland Ramon Bonaquist/Advanced Asphalt Technologies
Other subcontractors:
Burns Denton Cooley, Inc. North Carolina State University
NCAT NCAT MnRoads MnRoads 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 Predicted Rut Depth Predicted Rut Depth (Input Level 3), inches (Input Level 3), inches
Level 3 E* Inputs
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Measured Rut Depth, inches Measured Rut Depth, inches
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6
NCAT NCAT 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 Predicted Rut Depth (Input Predicted Rut Depth (Input Level 1), inches Level 1), inches
WesTrack WesTrack
FHWA-ALF FHWA-ALF
MnRoads MnRoads
Level 1 E* Inputs
0.2 0.2
NCHRP 9-30(001)
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Measured Rut Depth, inches Measured Rut Depth, inches
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6
Phase I: WorkshopObjectives
Identify alternate rut models for evaluation Develop guidance on two key issues:
Maximum allowable prediction error Design criterion/limit for HMA rutting
General project information Pavement structure Traffic Climate Material properties Performance (load-related cracking, transverse cracking, rutting, roughness)
M-E_DPM Database
96 96
1 1
194 194
SPS Sections
17 17 30 30
9 6 9 6
47 47
SPS-1 SPS-1 SPS-5 SPS-5 SPS-6 SPS-6 SPS-9J SPS-9J SPS-9N SPS-9N SPS-9O SPS-9O
85 85
ALF/Test Tracks
20 20
12 12 11 11
9 9 4 4 22 22 9 9
9 9
MnRoad MnRoad NCAT NCAT ALF (1/2) ALF (1/2) LA ALF LA ALF WesTrack WesTrack Nevada Nevada MS I55 MS I55 CAL/APT CAL/APT
Identified Sections
Models Considered
Mostly empirical
World Bank Baladi
Other Mechanistic-Empirical
Permanent axial strain models
Leahy Asphalt Institute VESYS Verstraeten Uzan
Models to be Evaluated
Current model (NCHRP 1-37A)
New calibrations from NCHRP 1-40D
Westrack
M-E based on p
p = aeb e N c
p
e a, b, c
= permanent shear strain at a depth of 2 inches below the surface = mechanistically-determined elastic shear stress at z = 2 in = mechanistically-determined elastic shear strain at z = 2 in = material constants, obtained from SST-CH
Time-hardening principle:
p ,1 = a1 [ N1 ]
p ,t
c
c
at = aeb e,t
e,t = elastic shear strain for the tth period of loading p,t = permanent shear strain for the tth period Nt = number of load applications during the tth period
1 p ,t 1 c = at + Nt at
RD = Kp,t
Material Properties
r3
Depth function Adjustment of permanent deformation constants based on HMA volumetric properties Constant kr1:
3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 33 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 22 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84
Figure A.1
Va kr 2 = 1.5606 Va(design)
0.25
P b P (opt ) b
1.25
FindexCindex
= design air voids = asphalt content by weight = design asphalt content by weight = fine aggregate angularity index (Table A.2) = coarse aggregate angularity index (Table A.3)
Table A.3. Coarse aggregate angularity index used to adjust permanent deformation parameters, CIndex. Type of Percent Crushed Material with Two Faces Gradation 0 25 50 75 Well Graded 1.1 1.05 1.0 1.0 Gap Graded 1.2 1.1 1.05 1.0
P kr 3 = 0.4791 Kr 3 b P (opt ) b
Kr3
P P
i
#50
i (0.45)
APT, Full-Scale Truck Loading APT, Full-Scale Truck Loading APT, Simulated Truck Loading APT, Simulated Truck Loading Predicted Rut Depth, in. Predicted Rut Depth, in. 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 11 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 00 00 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
Line of Equality Line of Equality Roadway, Mixed Truck Traffic Roadway, Mixed Truck Traffic
0.6 0.8 11 0.6 0.8 Measured Rut Depth, in. Measured Rut Depth, in.
1.2 1.2
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6
ESALs ESALs
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
1.0E+06 1.0E+06
2.0E+06 2.0E+06
3.0E+06 3.0E+06
4.0E+06 4.0E+06
5.0E+06 5.0E+06
ESALs ESALs
ALF Comparisons
Ranking (only sections with complete sets of data)
Lane 5 5 3 6 4 1 2 Lane 9 5 3 6 4 2 1 Lane 10 6 3 4 5 1 2 Lane 11 5 3 6 4 1 2 Lane 12 6 3 5 4 2 1 Average 5.4 3.0 5.4 4.2 1.4 1.6
Data sources: Westrack: SST RSCH tests from NCHRP 9-19 + AAPT calibration procedure Leahy, Option A: Mixture summaries from NCHRP 9-19 reports VESYS: Confined RLPD tests from NCHRP 9-19 reports
Westrack Comparisons
Ranking (only sections with complete sets of data)
Leahy 1-37A Westrack Verstraeten VESYS 1-40B Section 4 Section 15 Section 23 Section 24 5 5 2 1 4 3 5 5 1 2 4 2 6 4 6 6 2 6 3 4 3 1 1 3 Average 3.3 4.3 2.3 5.5 3.8 2.0
Data sources: Leahy, Option A: Mixture summaries from NCHRP 9-19 reports Westrack: Calibration parameters from Westrack report VESYS: Confined RLPD tests from NCHRP 9-19 reports
NCAT WesTrack MnRoads NCAT WesTrack MnRoads 1.2 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 -0.20 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1 -1 -1.2 -1.2 0 0 Residual Error (Predicted Residual Error (Predicted Minus Measured), in. Minus Measured), in.
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Predicted HMA Rut Depth, in. Predicted HMA Rut Depth, in.
0.7 0.7
0.8 0.8
0.9 0.9
WesTrack NCAT MnRoads WesTrack NCAT MnRoads 1.2 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 -0.20 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1 -1 -1.2 -1.2 0 0 Residual Error (Predicted Residual Error (Predicted Minus Measured), in. Minus Measured), in.
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.4
0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Predicted HMA Rut Depth, in. Predicted HMA Rut Depth, in.
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6
1525 kPa Unconfined Replicates 1500 kPa 250 kPa Confined Replicates 1480 kPa 500 kPa Confined Replicates
0.01
0.001
0.0001 0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1000.000
Depth Factor
Vertical Plastic Strain Vertical Plastic Strain
-0.02 -0.02 00 11 22 33 00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06
44 55 66 77 88 99 10 10
10 AC layer
Project Timeline
Project Panel meeting on July 27 Phase III commences August/September Two year duration for Phase III
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