Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah 09000 Kulim Hi-Tech Park Kulim Kedah Darul Aman.

highway : penetration test

Name Lecture : PN. HAYATI BINTI

Name NORSYAHIRAH BINTI RAMELI WAN IZNIFAIZNUR BINTI WAN MOHD IZUAN

No. Metric 16DKA10F2033 16DKA10F2030

INTRODUCTION
Penetration test is the measures consistency expressed as the distance that a needle vertically penetrates a sample under known conditions of loading, time and temperature. In the penetrometer, the 150mm diameter dial is graduated in 400 division of 0.1mm. the indicating pointer is fitted with a friction geared knob, which can be rotated freely to ay position on the dial. Resetting the needle can be carried out quickly and positively ready for the next measurement.

Theory
In this experiment, the sample is melted and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration is measured with a penetrometer by means of which a standard needle is applied to the sample under specific understood to be 25C (77F), 100g and 5s respectively. For semi-solid bituminous, the penetration is more than the hard ones. Therefore, penetration test of bituminous materials is important and very wide application to classify the bituminous to specific grade. Although penetration test is classified as empirical test, it is very easy and fast to be done.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the hardness of bituminous materials To determine the penetration value of bitumen To measure the consistency of penetration bitumen

APPARATUs
Penetrometer Penetration needle Bituminous Oven Thermometer Turpertin Water bath

PROCEDURE
1) Heat the sample with care in a special container until it has become sufficiently fluid and the temperature between 75 C 100 C. 2) Stir the sample to prevent local overheating. 3) Pour the sample into the sample container to a depth is at least 15mm from the top. 4) Then, let the sample cooled with ordinary temperature until it when down 13 C in 1 hour. Then place the sample in the water bath maintained at prescribe temperature of test (25 C in 1 hour). 5) Clean a penetration needle with turpertin , dry with clean cloth. Insert the needle in the penetrometer. 6) Release the needle holder together with 100g loading in 5s. 7) Determine the hardness of penetration test by taking the dial reading before and after needle released into the bituminous. 8) This test should be done for each sample of bituminous in at least 5 times. The distance between each point and also at the side of the box should not be less than 10mm. make sure the needle is clean before starting the next experiment. The average of penetration can be count to determine the hardness of sample bituminous. 9) Repeat this experiment with the same grade of bituminous by preparing the same example of bituminous in different container followed procedure 1-9. 10) Report the counted value by the calculating the average number fir 5 minimum and maximum value in not more than penetrations. The value should not be more than standard below : Penetration Maximum differences between the highest and the lowest value. 0 49 2 50 - 149 4 150 249 250 above 6 8

RESULT
EXPERIMENT NO. 1 2 3 1 10.0 11.4 31.5 PENETRATION (PeN) 2 3 4 25.5 34.8 27.6 23.9 30.0 40.1 29.9 31.8 31.5 Average 5 27.4 40.1 30.7 25.06 29.10 31.08

CALCULATION
Before penetration Experiment no. 1 : Penetration = = = 25.06 = -0.01mm

DISSUSION
1. Report the source and type of bitumen. 2. Specify the conditions of the test (temperature, load, time). Note the three 3. separate readings and quote the penetration as the average to the nearest 4. whole unit. 5. Comment on the difference between the highest and lowest readings and, if 6. sub-standard, offer an explanation. 7. Compare the average penetration with the manufacturer's quoted range and, 8. if outside this, offer an explanation. 9. Calculate the PI and comment on the value obtained. (Make sure the 10. penetration and softening point values are obtained from the same batch of 11. bitumen). 12. Compile and compare results with other groups.

CONCLUSION
The mixing temperature of bitumen is vital to determine the well mixing of the bitumen with the aggregate. Temperature affects the viscosity of bitumen, low temperature will result in bitumen with low viscosity which unable to mix well with aggregate to provide sufficient bonding between those two materials, which in the end affects the quality of the road surface layer laid with the material .Since the result obtained raised the concern about the material which been delivered to the laboratory may not fit the purchasing order. Since it does not fit the requirement of bitumen grade 80/100, this material is not suitable for any road surface layer construction

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Reference
http://www.ghrce.raisoni.net/download/TRANSPORTATION%2520ENGG..pdf