HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILL QUESTIONS CLASS X PHYSICS CHAPTER: Light and Human Eye 1.

A concave mirror & a convex lens are held in water. What change, if any, do you expect to find in the focal length of either? 2. A man holding a lighted candle in front of a thick glass mirror& viewing it obliquely sees a no. of images of the candle. Why? 3. One half of convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object? 4. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of the object from the eye? 5. Does a beam of white light give a spectrum on passing through a hollow prism? 6. A person is able to see objects clearly only when these are lying at distances between 50cm & 300cm from his eye. (a) What kind of defects of vision he is suffering from? (b) What kind of lenses will be required to increase his range of vision from 25cm to infinity? Explain. 7. Why an incident ray on a concave mirror through the centre of curvature, retraces its path after reflection from the mirror? 8. Why does a beam of white light , after passing through a glass prism shows dispersion while it does not show any dispersion after passing through a glass slab? 9. In a prism with equilateral triangle as its base , which out of the three equal angles , is called the angle of prism? 10. Two mirrors of different focal lengths give images of same size when the same object is placed at equal distance from the mirror. How will you identify which is concave & which is convex? 11. A ray of light is incident at 60 on the boundary of two transparent media & gets refracted at 45 . The emergent ray travels along the second boundary parallel to the first one of the two media. Find the angle of emergence. 12. Is it possible for a lens to act as a convergent lens in one medium & a divergent lens in another? 13. How will the speed of light & frequency change when it passes from a rarer to a denser medium? 14What should be the position of an object relative to convex lens so that this lens behaves like a magnifying glass? 15. Cilliary muscles of a normal eye are in their (i) most relaxed (ii) most contracted state. In which of the two cases is the focal length more? 16 Refractive index of media A,B,C & D are 1.33, 1.52, 1.44 & 1.65 resp. In which of the four media is the speed of light (i) maximum (ii) minimum?
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17 What happens to the ray of light as it passes from one medium to another if both the media have equal Refractive index? 18. Speed of light in three transparent media is as given__A2 x 10 m/s, 2.5 x 10 m/s & 1.2 x 10 m/s. Which of the media has got the highest optical density? 19 A man standing in front of a spherical mirror, finds his image having a very small head, a fat body & legs of normal size. What type of mirrors are used in these three parts? 20. To a fish under water viewing a fisherman standing on the bank of a lake, does the man look taller or shorter than what he actually is? 21. Differentiate between virtual image of a concave mirror & of a convex mirror. 22. A small electric lamp is placed at the focus of a convex lens. What is the nature of the beam of light produced by the lens? 23. Why does a light ray remains undeviated when it passes through the optical centre of a lens? CHAPTER: Electricity and Magnetism 1. Calculate the no. of electrons constituting 1C of charge. 2. How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6V battery? 3. Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same material when connected to the same source? Why ? 4. How can three resistors of resistance 2 Ohm, 3 Ohm & 6 Ohm be connected to give a total resistance of a) 4 Ohm. b) 1 Ohm 5. Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal length and diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference. What is the ratio of heat produced in series and parallel? 6. Which uses more energy a 250 W T.V set in one hr. or 1200 W toaster in 10 minutes. 7. Compare the power used in the 2 Ohm resistor in each of the following circuits. A) 6 V battery in series with 1 Ohm and 2 Ohm resistors. B) 4 V battery in series with a 12 Ohm and 2 Ohm resistor. 8. Two wires A and B have equal length and equal resistance, which one is thicker? 9. 100 J of heat are produced in each second in a 4 Ohm resistance. Find the potential difference across the resistance? 10. An alpha particle projected towards west is deflected towards north by magnetic field. Find the direction of magnetic field? 11. An electric oven of 2 Kilowatt power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit ( 220V ) that has a current rating of 5A.What result do you expect ? Explain. 12. An electron is moving along X axis and magnetic field is along Y axis, What is the direction magnetic force on the electron? 13. Two Circular coils A and B are placed close to each other, if the current in coil A is changed, will some current be induced in coil B. Give reason? 14. What will be the frequency of an A.C if it's direction changes after every 0.01 sec. 15. Why does a current carrying solenoid coil when suspended freely rests along north south direction? CHEMISTRY CHAPTER: Chemical Reactions 1. 2. Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction? Why are packets of potato chips flushed with nitrogen by the manufacturers?
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Whitewashing of walls gives a white shiny finishing to the walls. Explain the reason with balanced chemical equation involved. Can a displacement reaction be a redox reaction? Explain with the help of examples. Why is fermentation of grapes a chemical reaction? During electrolysis of water, the volume of the gas collected at cathode is half the volume of gas collected at anode. Why? How does photolytic decomposition of silver salts help in black and white photography? Are all double displacement reactions also precipitation reactions. Support your answer with examples. In the following reaction, MnO2 + 4 HCl __________ MnCl2 + 2 H2O + Cl2 Which substance is oxidized and which is reduced? Why?

10. Why is corrosion of iron a serious problem? 11. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate is done by adding copper metal. Write an equation for this reaction. 12. How can goldsmiths recover gold after cleaning old jewellery? CHAPTER: Acids Bases and Salts 1. 2. 3. 4.
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What is the real bleaching agent in bleaching powder? Why does bleaching powder smell of chlorine? Do basic solutions also have hydrogen ions? If yes, then why are they basic? Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid and hydrochloric acid a strong acid? How is it possible to have half a molecule of water attatched to CaSO 4 in Plaster of Paris? Why does a stain of curry turn brown when washed with soap? Will a solution of NaOH also conduct electricity like a solution of HCl? If yes, why? Why should hydrogen ions be always written as H3O or as H (aq). Why does the pH of an acid increase when it is diluted?
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10. Why does a bee sting cause pain and irritation? How can it be cured? 11. Why does a cake sometimes become bitter on using baking soda? How can this be prevented? 12. Are hydrated salts like Na2CO3 .10H2O wet? CHAPTER: Metals and Non-Metals 1. 2. Which melts at a higher temperature? Why? Aluminum is more reactive than iron, yet iron corrodes faster than aluminium . Why?

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (i) (ii) 8. 9.

Metal M was dipped in a solution of lead acetate. Lead was found to be deposited after sometime on metal M. Which is more reactive and why? Why we cannot use aluminium utensils to store an alkali? When calcium metal is added to water the gas evolved does not catch fire but the same gas evolved on adding sodium metal to water catches fire? Why? Why is copper used to make hot water tanks and not steel? A metal M does not corrode when left exposed to air. It occurs in nature in the form of its oxide and is used in thermit reaction. Identify the metal. Describe how this metal is obtained from its concentrated oxide. Why are metals good conductors of electricity? Pure gold is unfit for making ornaments. Why?

10. Can we make electric wires using bronze? Justify your answer. 11. Solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity whereas molten sodium chloride does? Why? 12. Iron does not burn on heating but iron filings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of the burner. Why? CHAPTER: Carbon and its Compounds 1. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Why do covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points? Why are covalent compounds poor conductors of electricity? How are carboxylic acids different from mineral acids from ionization point of view? Why is vegetable oil containing long unsaturated carbon chain considered healthier than animal fat which have saturated carbon chain? Why is ethanoic acid called glacial acetic acid? What would be observed on adding a 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate solution drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube? What change in observation is made when potassium permanganate is added in excess? Why does combustion of ethyne in air produce a yellow flame? Which property of concentrated sulphuric acid is illustrated when ethanol is converted into ethene?

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10. Why do the bottoms of cooking vessels used at home get blackened? 11. Under what conditions an oxidation reaction becomes a combustion reaction 12. Write an equation for the chemical reaction which shows the acidic nature of ethanol CHAPTER: Periodic Classification

1. Group Period 1 2 3 4

Using the part of the periodic table given below answer the following questions I H Li Na K Be Mg Ca B Al C Si N P O S F Cl II III IV V VI VII 0 He Ne Ar

(i) K has physical and chemical properties similar to which element and why? (ii) Write electronic configuration of N and P. which one of these will be more electronegative and why? (iii) State a chemical property similar to F and Cl? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A metal M forms an oxide having the formula M2O3. It belongs to the third period in the Modern Periodic Table. Write the atomic no. and valency of this element What is the relationship between oxide ion and Neon atom? There is one electron in the valence shell of X and three electrons in the valence shell of Y. If they are in the same period , which of them would have a smaller atomic radii ? Why are halogens good oxidizing agents? Would you place the two isotopes of carbon C-12 and C-14 in different slots because their atomic masses are different or in the same slot because their chemical properties are same? Justify the same Where do you think hydrogen should be placed in the modern periodic table? Justify your answer. An element X (2, 8, 2) combines separately with NO , (SO4) and (PO4) radicals. Write the formulae of the three compounds so formed. To which group of the periodic table does the element X belong? Will it form covalent or ionic bond? Why?
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9. On the basis of Mendeleevs table, answer the questions that follow the table. (a) Suggest the formula for the following: (i) Oxide of phosphorus (ii) Hydride of nitrogen (iii) Hydride of carbon (iv) Oxide of aluminium (b) In period 5 of the periodic table why does Telenium with atomic mass 127.60 appear before Iodine with atomic mass 126.90 (c) Using atomic masses of Ca, Sr and Ba find the average atomic mass of Ca and Ba and compare it with the atomic mass of Sr. State the conclusion drawn from this activity. 10. Which of the following will have the smallest and which will have the largest atomic radii, Ca, 2+, 3+ Ca Al, Al 11. Why is zero group placed at the extreme right of the periodic table? BIOLOGY CHAPTER: Life Processes

1. What will be the effect on the body if lipase enzyme is not secreted? 2. Differentiate between chloroplast and chlorophyll. 3. A person is very lethargic and gets tired easily. Which nutrient/s are lacking in his diet? 4. A person has very low immunity against diseases. His blood sample was tested.What could be the problem? 5. Compare respiration in plants to that in animals. 6. Compare the function of small and large intestines. 7. What is the significance of the number of chambers of the heart in maintaining the body temperature of an organism. Explain. 8. Compare alveoli and nephron with respect to their function and structure. 9. What are the common feature of all surfaces where exchange has to take place in the body? 10. Compare haemoglobin to chlorophyll. 11. Why should thin tubing be used in the process of dialysis? 12. Why is more energy produced during aerobic respiration as compared to anaerobic respiration? 13. What is the location, structure and role of diaphragm in the human body? 14. Why is transpiration sometimes called necessary evil in the plant? 15. Why do xerophytes exchange respiratory gasses at night? 16. Why is root pressure the major driving force for water movement in plants at night? 17. How are alveoli designed to maximize the gaseous exchange? 18. How arev the following designed to perform their respective functions: Stigma,, xylem . 19. Why is double circulation necessary in humans? 20. What is the difference between transport material in xylem and in phloem? 21. What are the conditions necessary for autotrophic nutrition? What is the macronutrient category to which the prepared food belong to? In which form is it stored? 22. What would be the consequence of deficiency of haemoglobin in the body? 23. What are the components of transport system in highly organized plants? 24. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenatedblood in birds and mammals? 25. What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to produce energy in the body? CHAPTER: Control and Coordination Q1. Which organ secretes a hormone for the control of blood sugar? Name a digestive enzyme released by this organ.

Q2. How do reflex actions differ from involuntary actions? Q3. It is known that the root of a plant moves towards gravity and the leaves of a touch me not plant respond to touching by curling up. How do these two movements vary from each other? Q4. Which endocrine gland is affected by the absence of iodised salt from the diet? Which hormone is secreted by this gland? What will happen if there is prolonged absence of iodine from the diet? Q5. Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals. Q6. What is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive plant and the movement in our legs? Q7. Why are patients with severe diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin? Q8. If insulin is secreted in excess the blood sugar of the body would fall much below the normal level. How does the body prevent such an eventuality? Q9. Which signals will get disrupted in case of spinal cord injury? Q10. Explain how do we detect the fragrance of a perfume? Q11. The beating of the heart and hearing sounds are both controlled by the brain. How do these two actions vary from each other? Q12. Chemical coordination in our body is under the control of our nervous system . Justify this statement taking adrenalin as an example. Q13. Spondillitis is a disease where there is swelling if the vertebrae of the neck region. People suffering from this disorder often suffer from vomiting sensation. Can you explain why? Q14. What is the role of brain in reflex action? Q15. What are gametes? Which organs secrete the hormones responsible for growth and maturity of these cells? CHAPTER: How do Organisms Reproduce Q1. Plasmodium reproduces by binary fission. State the advantage the parasite gets because of this type of reproduction. Q2. Why is fragmentation not possible in very complex organisms? Q3. Is starfish growing its lost arm an example of reproduction by regeneration? Justify your answer. Q4.What are the advantages of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction? Q5. What difference is observed if we cut a planaria and a hydra into three or four portions? Q6. What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction? Q7. Sexual reproduction has played a greater role in evolution than asexual reproduction. How? Q8. Why are butterflies seen fluttering around a plant with flowers in full bloom. Q9. How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mothers body? Q10. What are the common features which appear both in boys and girls on sexual maturity? Which endocrine glands are responsible for them?

Q11. How does reproduction help in providing stability to a population of species? Q12. Name those parts of a flower which serve the same function as the following do in the animals: a) testis b) ovary c) eggs d) sperms Q13. Differentiate between vasectomy and tubectomy. Q14. why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual? Q15. How will an organism be benefited if it reproduces through spores? Q16. why are the testes extra-abdominal in location? Q17. Mothers body is designed to undertake the development of a child Comment on the statement. Q18. How are reproduction and heredity interlinked? Q19. How is the process of pollination different from fertilization? Q20. What will happen if an ovum is not fertilized? Describe the process in a sequential manner. CHAPTER: Heredity and Evolution Q1. Two gametes in humans comprise of haploid number of chromosomes each.Name which helps to maintain diploid condition in humans. Q2. Sex chromosomes in human male is mis-matched pair.Comment. the process

Q3. The genotype of white flowered plant is WW and that of purple flowered plant is ww. When these two are crossed,What color of flower would you expect in their F 1 progeny? (a) Give the percentage of purple flowered plants if F1 is self pollinated. (b) In what ratio would you find the genotypes WW and ww in the F2 progeny? Q4. How would you prove that birds are closely related to reptiles? Q5. Name the process by which different species are generated through years of cultivation. Illustrate with an example. Q6. Through a flowchart illustrate genetic footprints of human evolution. Q7. Explain why traits like hair color and height are genetically inherited. Do power to lift weights and reading of german belong to same category? A A B B Q8. A man with a blood group A (I I ) marries a woman with a blood group B (I I ). What is the probability of their daughter having blood group O? Q9.Study the given data and answer the following questions Parental plants cross fertilized and seeds collected Male parent always bore purple flowers. Female parent always had white flowers F1 (first filal generation offspring ) 330 seeds sown and observed All 330 gave purple flowers And 11 seeds gave plants with white flowers F2 (Second filal generation) Out of 44 seeds 33seeds gave plants with purple flowers

What is the term for this type of cross? As per the data of the column marked F1, identify the dominant and recessive traits. State the law of inheritance as per Mendel to support your answer in the above question. Explain the genotype of the (i) Parents (ii) F1 progeny (iii) F2 progeny Q10. Two isolated sub populations of Beetles become different from eeach other and eventually members of these two groups will be incapable of reproducing with each other. (a) Name the phenomenon occurring in the above statement. (b) Mention the process that result in the above mentioned phenomenon. CHAPTER: Our Environment 1. What do you think is the advantage of disposable paper cups over disposable plastic cups? 2. Why is pond is self-sustaining unit while an aquarium may not be so? 3. Compare a man with vegetarian food habits and one with non- vegetarian food habits by making food chains. Which food habit is advantageous from the point of view of energy gain if the amount of organic matter at producer level is equal in both the cases? Give reasons. 4. (a) Arrange the following organisms in 2 food chains Rabbit, Seed, Eagle, Snake, Rat, Carrot, Lion Depict the organism in form of pyramid showing all trophic levels. Which organisms will occupy at third trophic level? Which level of consumers will it be with respect to each food chain? 5. A farmer uses nitrogenous fertilizers & insecticides in his rice field. This crop serves as food in following chains :Rice Rice (a) Man Hen ----- Food Chain 1 Man ---- Food Chain 2 (b) (c)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

If the fertilizers & insecticides is eaten along with the rice, will man be affected equally in Food Chain 1 & 2? (b) Name & define the phenomenon involved. (c) If the field produces same amount of rice in both the cases, will man get equal amount of energy? Justify. 6. How is that Refrigerators harm the ozone layer in the atmosphere? 7. Which organisms can make organic compounds like sugar and starch from inorganic substances using radiant energy of the sun? Name 2 such organisms. Which position do they occupy in a food chain? 8. Study the picture given below and comment on the encircled organisms with respect to (a) The category according to the food they eat. (b) Percentage of energy available at their trophic level. (c) Two biotic components of the ecosystem inhabited by them. (d) Energy used for food production by the producers. CHAPTER: Management of Natural Resources 1. Although conservationists are not dependent upon the forests, why do they have a say in forest management? 2. What is the prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas unfounded?

3. How is conservation of forest directly have a bearing on the conservation of soil quality and water? 4. Even though the Yamuna flows through Delhi, its citizens face a water shortage. Give reasons. 5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your comsumption of water? 6. What changes would you incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards sustainable use of our resources? 7. Can you suggest some changes in your school to make it environment friendly?