ENGLISH PART 2 COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully. Then choose the correct answer.

. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the production of natural silk in France increased in annual value by a hundred million francs. Then all this wealth suddenly disappeared. A mysterious disease, called the pebrine, infected the silkworm nurseries. Fresh eggs, known as seed, were brought from abroad. They produced healthy silkworms for one year, but yet the next year, pebrine reappeared. It spread to all other countries producing silk. The symptoms were easy to recognize: little brown or black spots like pepper grains. The cultivators suffered heaps of losses, while the cause remained unknown. In 1865, a person named Louis Pasteur was brought in by the French Minister of Agriculture, to investigate the problem. With the aid of a microscope, he discovered corpuscles that caused the pebrine. It could be found in the worms, chrysalis and diseased moths. He proved this by feeding healthy worms with water containing corpuscles of the pebrine. The caterpillars invariably became infected. What Pasteur could not understand about the disease was the way in which its effects varied-some worms were attacked immediately, some only after their first change of skin, or moult, while some managed to even spin their silken cocoon, but nonetheless, diseased moths came out. What was most discouraging was to discover corpuscles in perfectly healthy looking moths. Nevertheless, he had formulated a theory to explain the different stages at which the disease begun. He believed that every moth containing corpuscles produced disease eggs. The more heavily infected the moth was, the earlier the symptoms appeared in the offspring. By the end of the 1865 season, he had less than a dozen out of the hundreds he had examined. In the following year, Pasteur devoted five months to observe the development of his sixteen silkworms from the hatch to the mating of the moths and the production of the new seed. Eventually, one out the sixteen was dead. Fortunately, there was no trace of corpuscles. It was found that a different disease had infected it. Pasteur had finally succeeded in producing pebrine-free seeds. 1. Where did France get all its wealth (paragraph 1) from? (a) Import of seed (b) Production of natural silk (c) Production of healthy silkworms (d) Investment

2. What were the symptoms of the disease? (a) Little brown-black spots (b) Dark brown patches (c) Little brown or black spots (d) Large brown and black spots 3. What evidence did Pasteur produce to show that corpuscles cause pebrine? (a) He saw corpuscles under his microscope. (b) He fed himself corpuscles and he subsequently developed pebrine. (c) Healthy worms got infected after feeding on corpuscles infested water. (d) He found corpuscles in the worms. 4. In which way did the worms not respond after being infected of pebrine? (a) They were attacked immediately (b) They survived, spun their cocoon, but developed diseased moth. (c) They were attacked after the first moult. (d) There was no corpuscle found in the worm. 5. Which of the statements below is false? (a) Not every moth containing corpuscles produced diseased eggs. (b) None of the sixteen worms Pasteur observed contained corpuscles. (c) Pasteur had in fact successfully produced pebrine-free eggs. (d) The more heavily infected the moth is by pebrine, the earlier the symptoms will show in its offspring.

COMPREHENSION (OPEN-ENDED) Read the passage carefully. Answer the questions in complete sentences.

In our planet, thousands of species of wild animals exist. However, surprisingly few, for instance, the goat and the cow, have been domesticated. The reason is that it takes special qualities to make animals suitable for domestication. In order for their mothers milk to be used for human consumption, they must be strong enough to be separated from their mother at an early age and find food for themselves. They must breed freely in captivity and be easy to look after. Domestic or farm animals must be useful: primarily as a source of food, but also in the provision of wool or hide for clothing and sometimes as a means of transport or pulling power. With the spread of grass came the emergence of grazing animals. Thus sheep and antelope appeared on the scene, followed by cows, goats and horses. Not until about ten thousand years ago did man develop the idea of taking animals into captivity. There was wild game in abundance before that. Farm animals are an integral part of our history, sharing, shaping and affecting the landscape and making possible most human achievement. When farming began, animals relieved people from time-consuming labour, thus enabling them to develop further skills. Horses brought new speed to warfare and communications. Sheep provided an annual crop of wool while alive and upon their death, as did the same for cattle and goats, left a legacy of meat, skin and bone. Oxen hauled huge weights, dragged ploughs and raised water from wells. Poultry provided eggs and meat and feathers for beds and writing instruments. In ways like these, the animals have fed us, clothed us and helped us build our homes. Domestication of wild animals resulted in gradual but significant changes in the animals physical appearances. Most became smaller because man could not handle large animals nor could he feed them as effectively as they fed themselves in the wild. The jaw muscles of grazing animals shrank, as they were no longer required to chew tough plants and bushes, and so their faces became shorter. Other muscles weakened, as the power to flee from enemies or roam long distances was no longer necessary. Its brain got smaller once the animal did not have to think for itself. Its senses, which gave it the ability to detect danger in time for it to escape, became less acute.

1. Why do the domesticated goat and cow have to be strong enough to be separated from their mother at an early age?

2. What do the words breed freely in captivity (paragraph 1) mean?

3.

How are the domesticated animals useful to farmers?

4.

What does wild game (paragraph 2) mean?

5.

Why was there wild game in abundance?

6.

What do cattle and goats give man upon their death?

7.

What does the word poultry (paragraph 3) refer to?

8.

Why have some of the domesticated animals become smaller?

9.

Why did some of the domesticated animals faces become shorter?

10. What do the words less acute (paragraph 4) refer to?