TABLE OF CONTENTS

Kebijaksanaan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Menghadap Era Tinggal Landas Sofian Effendi Human resources are a very important factor in their role to the development of many developing countries such as Indonesia. The development of human resources should be carefully planned by paying attention to the needs of its social structure as well as its national technology. For this reason, it needs appropriate relied strategy to be able the industrial community to prepare itself thoroughly during the present take-off stage era. One of its strategies is by identifying the problems which would possibly take place around the take-off stage, both domestic as well as foreign. The shift of the world economic structure that happened as a consequence of the development of new technology, and the slackening of the cold war between two very powerful countries are two most essential questions among the foreign problems; whereas the obstacles that come from the country itself are among others the extremely low labor productivity of Indonesia as a consequence of the poor educational level of the majority of the population, the low wages, the serious problems of unemployment, the inappropriate work ethics and work disciplines, and its inability in world competition. Based on the above statements, the most important effort to obtain potential human resources during the coming take-off stage era is by improving the quantity and quality of

resources to be able to answer every challenge that may emerge later, and by putting high priority on the overall reorganization of human resources of Indonesia to become one of much stronger integrity.

Norma-norma dan Perilaku Seks Remaja Masri Singarimbun This article contains further analysis of a comparative study on adolescent reproductive health in four areas: urban and rural Yogyakarta, and urban (Denpasar) and rural Bali. Questions were asked on the attitudes and practice regarding premarital intercourse, contraception and induced abortion. There were noticeable differentials by sex and area. Female respondents have much less sexual experience than male respondents, whereas rural respondents have less sexual experience than urban ones. With regard to attitudes on premarital intercourse and induced abortion, Balinese respondents were more permissive than the Javanese. As a matter of fact rural Balinese were more permissive than (urban) Yogyakarta respondents.

The Role of Traditional Organization on Family Planning Acceptance in Indonesia Djamaluddin Ancok This paper discusses two related issues, of which one is the decline in fertility in Indonesia and its possible causes, and the other utilization of village traditional organization in the

family planning program in Indonesia. The discussion of the first issue provides an analysis of the possible causes of fertility decline, and demonstrates the role of the family planning program in causing the decline. The discussion of the second issue explores one of the strategies utilized by the Indonesian family planning program in causing the decline. The discussion of the second issue explores one of the strategies utilized by the Indonesian family planning program, considered by many people as the major cause of family planning success. The discussion provides the basis to consider the possibility of the strategy to be applied to other countries.

Profil Penduduk Indonesia Menjelang Era Tinggal Landas Prof. Dr. Ida Bagoes Mantra The most important factor of population development during the Second Long-Term Development PJP II is the development of human resources, which is, in turn, one of the most essential elements of development next to natural resources and technology. Before the development of human resources is carried out, the conditions of the human resources themselves should be first detected and indentified. Taking notes of the 1990 population data, it has been concluded that the profile of the population of Indonesia has improved substantially. The population structure of the younger age group has been gradually left behind in accordance with the decline of the population growth rate. Both birth and mortality rates have dropped as the result of

the significant improvement of the family planning and community health programs. Spontaneous migration among regions of Indonesia has also increased in accordance with the development progress, the transport infrastructure, and the population mobility from rural to urban areas. The value of human quality, even though has experienced some increase, is still considered low so far. The characteristics of population demography need serious considerations to be able to improve the efforts to promote the human quality of the country.

Tipologi Migrasi: Suatu Alternatif Pengembangan Konsep Sukamdi Using the migration survey done by Population Studies Center Gadjah Mada University, this article tries to find out the possibility in improving the definition of migration. It is based on the idea that migration is a process. It means that migration can be defined more than dichotomy of the concept of permanent and circulation. The reason is that the dichotomy tends to ignore the possibility of migrants occupying one or more categories intermediate to the two polar types. By introducing the variable of intention to remain at the destination and the length of migrants stay in the destination, a fourfold typology of migrant type can be created: circular migrants, migrants who intend to remain circular, migrants who intend to be permanent and permanent migrants.

Penggunaan Hasil Sensus untuk Estimasi Urbanisasi Muhadjir Darwin; Tukiran Urbanization can be defined in many ways: various definitions concerning it are found in population literature. Different censuses also tend to define the concept of urban differently. This inconsistency of definition has obstructed those who want to conduct a comparative analysis on urbanization, both cross- country and longitudinal analysis of a country. This article attempts to examine the problem by clarifying the definition of the concept and indicators of urban and urbanization and by making a longitudinal analysis of urbanization using the Indonesian 1920-1990 Census data. Regardless of how the concept of urban is defined in each census, this analysis has found a steady increase in urban population number. However, if the different definitions of the concept are taken into consideration, it may bring up different conclusion. Part of the reasons of the increase is a reclassification of village' status from being rural to become urban. One way to prove this proposition is by comparing the level of urban population growth between large cities and their surrounding regencies. This analysis clearly shows that the latter has higher population growth than the former.

Jurnal Populasi Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur G-7 Yogyakarta 55281 populasi@cpps.or.id; populasi_cpps@yahoo.com