Solution [H2 Maths 2008 Prelim P1] AJC

1. ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
16
1
4
1 4 4

,
_

+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+ +
x x
x =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2 2 2
2 3 2 3 4 1
1 ...
16 2 2! 4 3! 4
x x x
1
_ _
+ + + 1

1 , ,
]
=
2
4 6
1 3 1
1 ...
16 2 16 16
x
x x
1
+ +
1
]
(i) This expansion is valid for
1
4
2
<
x
, i.e.
2 < x
.
(ii) The term in x
2n
is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
x
n
n

,
_

4 !
1 ... 4 3 2
16
1
2
=
( ) ( )
2
2
4
1 1
+
+
n
n n
x n
2.
( )

3
0 2
cos
cos ln

dx
x
x
=
( )
3 2
0
sec ln cos x x dx

= ( ) ( )
3 3
0 0
1
tan ln cos tan sin
cos
x x x x dx
x

1
]
=
( )
3 3 2
0 0
tan ln cos tan x x xdx

+ 1
]

=
( ) ( )
3 3 2
0 0
tan ln cos sec 1 x x x dx

+ 1
]
=
( ) [ ]
3 3
0 0
tan ln cos tan x x x x

+ 1
]

= ( ) 3 1 ln 2
3

.
3,
2
6
0
1
y y
y
+

2
2
1 23
6 0
2 4
Since , y y y y
_
+ + >

,
R
1 0 1 1 y y > because y

2
4 9
1
2 1
x x
x
+ +

+

( )
2
2 5
1
2 1
x
x
+ +

+

2
2 2 6
0
2 1
x x
x
+ + +

+

2 , Let y x +
2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 or or x x x x x + > + < + > < >
3 1 x x < > or
4(i)
( )
1
2
2
cos cos y x y x

2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 sin
2 2 cos 2 2
2 2 0
dy
y x
dx
d y dy d y dy
y x y y
dx dx dx dx
d y dy
y y
dx dx

_ _
+ +

, ,
_
+ +

,
(ii) When x = 0, y = 1
Page 1 of 8
2 2
2 2
2 0 0
1
2 0 1 0
2
dy dy
dx dx
d y d y
dx dx

+ +
2 2
1
1 2
1 ... 1
2 4
y x x
_

,
+ +
(iii) ( )
1
2
4
1 1
cos cos
4 2 2
x x x


Sub
4
x

:
2
2
4
1 1 1
1 1
4 4 64 2

_


,
5. i) Method 1: Using GC, rref, 2x + y = 2; z = 1.
When x = , y = 2 - 2
0 1
2 2 , .
1 0
r
_ _

+


, ,
%
R
Method 2: Normal of l :
2 2 7 1
1 1 14 7 2
5 2 0 0
_ _ _ _




, , , ,
.
Let x = 0, - y + 5z = 3; y + 2z = 4.
Solving simultaneously, y = 2, z = 1.
0 1
2 2 , .
1 0
r
_ _

+


, ,
%
R
ii) z = 1.
Since
1
and
2
intersect at a common line where z = 1 for all values of x and y, the common
line will also intersect
3

at z = 1 if the 3 planes intersect at a unique point.

iii) Yes, the 3 planes will intersect at a unique point.
From (ii),
2
cannot be // to
3

so they intersect along a line. Since

4
is perpendicular to
2
and
3

, it must be to the common line and so will intersect this common line at a unique
point.
6. Since z = i is a root of ( ) ( )
3 2
1 3 2 3 2 0 z i z i z + +
,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
0 0 z i z az b z a i z b ai z ib + + + +
Comparing coeff, 1 3 a i i and 2 ib 1 2 , 2 a i b i
( )
2 2
1 2 2 0 z az b z i z i + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 1 2
2 or 1
2 2
i i i i i
z i
t + t +

Therefore, the other roots are z = 2i and z = -1.
Page 2 of 8
( ) ( )
3 2 *
*
1 3 2 3 2 0 z i z i z 1 + +
]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
* *
* * *
1 3 2 3 2 0 z i z i z + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
* * *
1 3 2 3 2 0 z i z i z + + + + .
Notice that
*
w z .
The roots of the equation
( ) ( )
3 2
1 3 3 2 2 0 w i w i w + + +
are w = -i, -2i and -1.
7.
Method 1
By Pythagoras theorem, AE
2 2
9 12 15cm +
.

By similar triangles, ABC is similar to ADE
AB
AD
12

15 9
9(12 ) 15
5 8
12 12 (shown)
3 3
BC
DE
x r r
x r r
x r r r

Method 2
Let angle EAD = .
Using triangles ABC and ADE,

9
sin
15
r
AB


5
3
r
AB
Thus
5 8
12 12
3 3
r r
x r .
(ii)

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 2 3
2
2
2
4 4 8 4
(12 ) 12
3 3 3 3
24 4

3
= 24 4 0.1
8
3
24 (2) 4 (2) 0.1
8
V r r x r r r r r
dv
r r
dr
dv dv dr dv dr dx
dt dr dt dr dx dt
r r




+ +


_


,
_


,
3 -1
3.77 cm s (3.s.f)
Page 3 of 8
A
B
B
C
E
D 9
x
r

8a. (i)
1 1
ln( ) ln( 1)
1
1
ln(1) ln(2) 1
2
1 1
ln(2) ln(3)
3 2

1 1
ln( 1) ln( )
1
1 1
ln( ) ln( 1)
1
n
N
u n n
n n
S
N N
N N
N N
N N
+ +
+
1
+
1
1
1
+
1
1

1
1
+
1

1
1
+ +
1
+ ]
M
1
1 ln( 1)
1
N
N
+ +
+
8 (b)
Let the statement be
1
1 1 1
( 1) 1
n
n
r
r
e
e
e r r n

_


+ +
,

when n = 1,
1
1 1 1 1 1
LHS 1
1(2) 2 2
e
e
e e

1
1
RHS
2
e

statement is true for n = 1.

Assume statement is true for n = k i.e.
1
1 1 1
( 1) 1
k
k
r
r
e
e
e r r k

_


+ +
,

To prove that n = k+1 is true i.e.

1
1
1
1 1 1
( 1) 2
k
k
r
r
e
e
e r r k
+

_


+ +
,

1
1
1 1 1 1
LHS
( 1) ( 1)( 2)
k
r k
r
e e
e r r e k k
+

_
+

+ + +
,

1
( 1)
1
1 1 1
1 ( 1)( 2)
1 1
1
1 2
1
RHS
2
k
k
k k k
k
e
e
k e k k
e e e
k k
e
k

+
+

+
+ + +
_
+

+ +
,

+
Statement is true for n = k +1 if n = k is true.
Since statement is true for n = k +1 if n = k is true and n = 1 is true, therefore by mathematical
induction, the statement will be true for all positive integers of n.
9 From the graph, as x , y 2.
From the equation,
2
2
2
2
2
b
a
ax bx
x
y
k
x k
x
+
+

, as x , y
2
a
.
Page 4 of 8
(ii)
1
1 ln( 1)
1
N
S N
N
+ +
+
since N 1, 1 1,
1
1
1
ln(N+1) > ln(1)=0
1
1 0
0 1
ln( 1) 0
N
N
N
S N
N
+ >

<

+
'

+ <

< +
'

+ <

Alternately: Use GC to sketch graph of S

N

against N
and copy the graph with clear and correct labels onto
answer script.
Hence 2
2

a
a = 4.
As there is no vertical asymptote (no x value such that y ) ,
the equation 2x
2
k = 0 has no real roots.
(Discriminant = 0 4(2)( k) < 0

k < 0)
Hence k is a negative number.
(a) Let
k x
bx ax
x

2
2
2
) ( f
( ) ( )
( ) k x
x b x a
k x
bx ax
y

+

2
2
2
2
2 2
= f(-x)
The graph is a reflection about the y-axis.
(b) ( )
2
) (x f y
[ ] ) ( ' ) ( 2 x f x f
dx
dy

When 0 ) ( ' or 0 ) ( 0 x f x f
dx
dy

From the graph given, there are 2 x-values where f(x) = 0 and 2 x-values where f (x) = 0. Hence there
are 4 stationary points for the graph of ( )
2
) (x f y
10. (i) from the graph of ln
x
x e , there is only 1 stationary point (i.e. maximum point)
Using GC, = 0.5671
(ii) if sequence converges,
as
n
x m n

1
m
m
e

Since
d 1
ln
d
x x
y
y x e e
x x

At stationary point,
d
0
d
y
x


1
x
x
e

from part(i), x =

1
e

m =
(i) since
1
1 1 for 0
x
x
e x
e
> < > ,
1
1
1 for all 1
n
n x
x n
e
+
<
and
1
1 x <
1
N
n
n
x N

<

Page 5 of 8
2
y
x
11 (i) for f to be defined, (x-1)
2
k > 0
1 or 1 x k x k > + < +
For x < -2. Max value of k = 9.
Alt method:
For f to be defined, (x-1)
2
k > 0 (x-1)
2
> k
For x < -2. (x-1)
2
> 9. Hence Max value of k = 9.
(ii) If k = 8,
2
2
f ( ) ln ( 1) 8
( 1) 8
1 8
y
y
x x
e x
x e
1
]

t +
Since x < -2,
1 8
y
x e +

-1
f : 1 8 0
x
x e x + >

) 2 , ( R
1

f
f
D
;
) , ( R D
1

g
g

Since
1 1

g f
D R
therefore
1 1
f g

exists

Hence range of
1 1
f g

is
)) 2 ( tan ,
2
(
1

or ( -1.571, -1.107)
12a
(b) (i)
2
1 2
,
1 (2 )

dx dy
dt t dt t

+
2
2
1 (2 )
dy t
dx t

+

, tan When 2 y p t p
2
tan
1 tan
dy p
dx p

+

2
tan
sec
p
p

2
sin
cos
cos
p
p
p


2
sin
cos
cos
p
p
p


1
sin 2
2
p (sin 2p = 2 sin p cos p )
(b)(ii) , 2 tan 1 0
4 4
When y t x


2
1 1
1 1 2
dy
dx

+
=
(0,
4
Equation of tangent at ):
1
2
y x c +
1
(0)
4 2 4
c c

+
1
2 4
y x

+ --- (1)
Page 6 of 8
4

,
x
0 x >
) 2 , (
f
-1
g
-1
y
x
O
2
(1, 1)
(0, 2
4 4
y x

+ Equation of normal at ): --- (2)
0 Sub in (1) and (2), y
1
0
2 4 2
(1): x x

+
0 2
4 8
x x

+ (2):
2
1 5
2 4 8 2 64
_ _


, ,
Area of triangle =
13. 1 x t ,
2
30
1
y
t

( )
2
2
1
60

t
t
dt
dy
Area under the curve is ( )
( )
2
2
4 2
60
1
1
tdt
t
t
1

1

1

=
( ) ( )
4
2
2
60
1 1
tdt
t t +

Let
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
60
1 1
1 1 1
t A B C
t t
t t t
+ +
+
+ +
so ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
60 1 1 1 1 t A t B t t C t + + + +
Let t = 0: 0 = A B C
Let t = 1: 60 = 4A
Let t = 1: - 60 = 2C
Solving, we get A = 15, B = -15, C = 30.
So required area =
( )
4
2
2
15 15 30
1 1
1
dt
t t
t
1
+ 1
+
+
1
]

= ( ) ( )
4
2
30
15ln 1 15ln 1
1
t t
t
1
+
1
+
]
=
5
4 15ln
9
_

,
.
2
1
4 2 1
y
x x

y
x x
2
1
2
1
2
2

+


( )
y
x
2
1
2
1
1
2

,
_

t
y
x
1
1
2
1
1
(b)Required volume
=

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 dy
y

1
1
]
1

,
_

2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 dy
y

= 4.73 (3 s.f.)
Page 7 of 8
14.
3
2 3
1 2
2
dz dy dy y dz
z
y dx y dx dx dx

2
2
2
2
3
2 2
2
2
2 1
2
1
4 1
1
4 1
4 1
x
x
x
x
y dz
e xy y
dx
dz
e x y
dx y
dz
e x
dx y
dz
e x z
dx
1

1
]
_


,


2 1
4 (Shown)
1
x
dz
xe
dx z

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
2 1 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
since 1
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
dz xe dx
z
z e C
z e A
z A e
z A e
y
A e
y y
A e

+
+

>


At minimum point,
2 2
0 2 1 0
dy
xy y
dx

Since y > 1
2
0 and 1 0 0 y y x
i.e. Any turning point lies on the y axis.
Since
2
2 2
2 1 0
x
e y y

> :
0

0 0
+
dy
dx
0 +

Turning point is a minimum point.

Page 8 of 8