Terrorism

Meaning of the word terrorism is any use of terror in the form of violence or threats meant to coerce an individual, group, or entity to act in a manner in which any person or group could not otherwise lawfully force them to act

Who is a terrorist?
One who engages in acts or an act of terrorism One who leads an armed group that kills civilians as a means of political intimidation One who leads a group that engages in kidnapping and murder.

Types of terrorism in India Religious terrorism Jihadi motivated terrorism

Muslims feel that if they fight for their religion they will go to heaven in India jihad motivated terrorism is because jihadist wants Jammu and Kashmir to be a part Pakistan and not India this resentment between India and Pakistan has been going on for years. A good example here is the way in which Indian security agencies and political leaders went about characterizing the several terrorist attacks in the Indian hinterland a few years ago as the activities of Pakistan-based jihadist groups like the Jaish-eMohammad and the Lashkar-eTaiba or those based in Bangladesh like the Harkat-ul-Jihad-alIslami. It was only after the first email was received in November 2007 from a group which called itself the Indian Mujahideen claiming responsibility for some of these attacks that it became evident that radical Indian Muslim youth were directly involved in such terrorism.

Communalism
British in India sowed the seed of communalism in India they followed a divide and rule policy between hindus and Muslims and till today communalism still exists in many States of india .inspeight of India being a secular state .communalism takes place when a group of people think that their religion is superior over the other.

Leftist terrorism

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh declared that the Maoist driven naxalite terrorism is the single biggest threat to India's security. More than seven years have passed, yet we do not have a clear and coherent policy for dealing with this threat. Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the States affected by Maoist terror. In the last 10 years, Maoists have succeeded in killing one jawan for each cadre killed a highly adverse ratio for the security forces. their attacks are, mostly on the state police and state run means of transport like railways, they are targeting schools, public buses and primary health care centres. And thus damaging killing disrupting and terrorising lives in different parts of India

But in the case of Maoists, they move around freely through the jungles and remote villages along the borders of multiple states. While it is accepted that operational success against the Maoists will depend on the quality of intelligence back up that the State has, as amply proved in the case of Andhra Pradesh, this can happen in the nine affected States only when they have a common strategy, build trust in one another and the Central agencies, and back up one another against the Maoists. It should not be forgotten that the goal of Maoists is to overthrow the democratically elected government through an armed struggle. They have used talks to regroup and strengthen themselves, each time. In this, they are the true disciples of the LTTE, as much as they are in the art of making improvised explosive devices, which they learnt from the Tigers in the late 1980s.

Narco-Terrorism The term Narco-terrorism is as yet not clearly understood. Terrorism, funded by drug money is a simplistic version of the problem. The full impact and effect of the menace relates to the total stranglehold that is established or. The society wherein a parallel form of administration is set up to govern and where society and the state itself are held to ransom. Narcotics has become the foundation of organised crime. No other commodity can generate the kind of money which can literally challenge the might of state power. The tactics used by the smugglers to bend the state machinery to their will is simple. All kinds of illegal activity from distribution of territory to pickpockets to extortion, flesh trade, bootlegging is effectively controlled by the narco-traders. Metropolises the world over are exposed to this phenomenon. Thus today's underworld is an underworld of narcotics. The law and order machinery, the political parties and the bureaucracy are successfully infiltrated or subjugated by the awesome power of the sheer volume

of the money involved. The industrialists often work as partners, along with the bankers, as the money generated must find legitimate expression. Real estate, foreign exchange rackets, import-export transactions, films, stock markets, all forms of trading where the money involved is large are the secondary operations of the Narco-terrorists. Money laundering is an essential part of the narcotics trade which is often ignored by the enforcement agencies. In India the so-called NRI investment is 50% drug money Money begets prestige, so the big fish in the drugs network have quickly established themselves as respected citizens of the country. It is thus not surprising that all the political parties patronise these big fish. Apart from money, it is the sheer impact of the most efficient organisations of the underworld on the electoral future of the political parties that are making the political parties subservient to the narco-trade either directly or indirectly. The term globalisation was first understood by the Narco traders. The linkages are world-wide. It is not for nothing that Dawood Ibrahim can control his empire in India by proxy. The power of the gangs is not only confined to metro cites or selected states, but has assumed national dimensions in terms of operation and influence. Yet another area of concern is the impact of narcotics on the fabric of society. It has catered to the needs of the teeming millions of frustrated unemployed youth and also to those who want to make a fast buck. It provides a shortcut to power and fame. Prior to 1991, to belong to the notorious 'D' (Dawood) company was considered a matter of prestige in Bombay. It is the exploitation of this kind of systemic aberrations that the ISI has consistently nurtured to control through a system of checks and balances to establish its hold on the sub-continent. It is not for nothing that the ISI could venture into the North-East so quickly and effectively. When a state power backs the underworld network it has at its disposal resources and expertise which otherwise would be beyond the reach of common criminals. It is another matter that in the long run such patronage would ultimately destroy the very state whose interest one purports to further. This is evident from the chaos that the backlash of narcotics is having in Pakistan. The system has caused tremendous damage to our country. Bombay bomb blasts are entirely the outcome of this infiltration by the ISI. It is for this reason that I have been consistently demanding a CBI probe into the blasts and not for any purported political reason.

Cyber terrorism

When we talk about national security, we talk about the security of over one billion people and sovereignty of a country that is culturally rich, politically

stable, socially compact and economically emerging. The worst victim of terrorism and naxalism India and its national security has been threatened recently by cyber crime. They concept of cyber crime is not radically different from the concept of conventional crime. Cyber crime is the latest and perhaps the most complicated problem in the crime world of the country. In the context of national security, cyber crime may involve hacktivism (on-line activity intended to influence polity), traditional espionage or information warfare and related activities. Another way to define cyber crime is simply as criminal activity involving the information technology infrastructure, including illegal access, illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from or within a computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data), systems interference (interfering with the functioning of a computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting etc.) misuse of device, forgery (ID theft) and electronic fraud. The rising level of cyber crime is an indication of an enormous threat to national security. Lawmakers and law enforcement agencies have to give immediate attention to the matter. Cyber crime is a rampant evil with its roots firmly planted on the growing dependence on computers in the contemporary scenario. In today's age when everything from small gadgets to nuclear plants is being operated through computers, cyber crime has assumed threatening ramifications Various kinds of cyber crimes are prevailing in the world today. Hacking, bombing, diddling, spoofing, botnet attacks, salami attacks and viruses are capable of breaching the security in the information systems of vital installations. There have been several instances in the recent past to support the prevalence of these attacks on a large scale. In fact, the first recorded cyber crime dates back to 1820. Joseph Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacture in France produced the loom which involved a seniors of steps. This caused fear among Jacquard's employees that their traditional employment and live hood were being threatened. They committed acts of sabotage to discourse Jacquard from further use of the new technology. Cyber terrorism is a threat to national security which may be defined as " the premeditated use of disruptive activities or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention of further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objects". A cyber terrorist is a person who uses the computer system as a means or ends to achieve the following objectives - (1) putting the public or any section of public in fear, or (2) affecting adversely the harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities; or (3) coercing or overawing the government established by law; or (4) endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation.

Cyber crime is a global phenomenon and therefore the initiative to fight it should come from the same level. Today cyber and organized crime has become the order of the day round the globe and the need to put an end to this criminal act cannot be kept aside. Research has shown that people lose millions of with this set of people because they are enemies of progress of the nation. All efforts to put this to end have proved unsuccessful because even the people fighting the crime are criminals. A typical example of this is a lawmaker, a member of the Nigeria's National Assembly Hon. Moris Ibekwe (late) who was in the maximum security prisons in Nigeria for an alleged involvement in a free fraud. If a member of a legislature can be involved in such un ungodly act, what would unemployed youth do? The capacity of human is unfathomable. It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber space but, it is quite possible to check them for national security. History is witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime. There is a need to bring changes in the Information Technology Act to make it more effective. To combat cyber crime it should also be kept in mind that the provision of the cyber law are not made so stringent that it may retard the growth of the industry and prove to be counter productive. Of late, anti-Gandhi forums or hate India posting along with war for people who hate India campaigns on Google's Social Network Site, Orkut, have been perplexing authorities. Fan clubs of underworld dons like Dawood Ibrahim and Chota Shakeel and other wanted dons are also doing the rounds on Orkut. One such community even asks people i they would like to join the D. Company. If a criminal ends up having a number of fans all across the globe, it is crazy. This throws light on the mindset of the people. As for the anti-India, anti-Pakistan campaigns, we must realize that in the long run these antagonistic feelings can pose an irreversible threat to our own existence and people behind these acts of notoriety should be penalized as they are somewhere fuelling a sense of hostility in the already estranged relations between the two counties. These cyber crimes pose a threat to the national security of all countries, even technologically developed countries like USA also. Technology savvy terrorists are using 512-bit encryption, which is next to impossible to decrypt. The recent example may be cited of Osama Bin Laded, the LTTE attack on America's army deployment system during Iraq war. The organized hackers have certain objective. The reason may be to fulfill their policies bias, fundamentalism etc. How is terrorism evolving Terrorists are becoming more and more technologically advanced in their attacks

They are hiding bombs in more strategic places and using more energetic compounds and explosives to carry out their work Terrorists are now employing the use of laser guided rocket launchers more precise and expensive assault weapons

EXTERNAL THREATS Al-Qaeda Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Muhammad Harakat -ul-Mujahedeen Harakat ul-Jihad-I-Islami (HUJI) PAKISTAN ARMY CHINESE ARMY INTERNAL THREATS The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) The Communist Party of India (CPI-MAOISTS) People's War Group (PWG) People's Liberation Army Mizo National Front National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM)

Root causes of terrorism in India

Power terrorism is because of gaining power and taking law into their hands for eg moist main motive in India is to overthrow democratically elected government and form a communist government at the center. Poverty As India is the most populated country in India with 1.2 billion population Indias majority of the population is deeply rooted with poverty .where majority of the population is un employed and living below the poverty line.this creates a resentment that the government is doing nothing inorder to reduce poverty in

India instead the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer and the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing No proper governance As in the state and central government corruption rules the roost all the officials at the central and state government think of only looting the government .as a result it hinders the development and welfare of India as a whole and thus creates a resentment anti national feeling among the public. No proper justice As the Indian judiciary is dominated by corruption and thus the common man does not get the due justice.and thus resulting to a anti national feeling. Ethnicity Is a indigenous tribes of a particular region who resent because of their land livelihood for eg the recent assam riots land and livelihood of the bodo tribe was taken away by the muslims infiltrating from Bangladesh encroaching into the bodoland which resulted in the resentment among the bodo tribe. Regionalism Different states fighting for borders separate state eg telegana issue fighting for a separate state . Government Acts

Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The right to shoot to kill 1997 Anti-Terrorism Act. Legalizing the Impermissible: the new anti-terrorism law. The prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2004

Solutions
Very stringent laws to tackle terrorism Citizens of the respective countries should join hands with the government to fight against terrorism Federal agencies should be formed to investigate the different terrorist activities Federal agencies should be formed to investigate the different terrorist activities

The need for a federal agency

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has rightly emphasised on several occasions the need for a federal agency to deal with crimes of inter-State ramifications such as terrorism, narcotics, human trafficking and whitecollar crimes.