CULTURAL HERITAGE AND CONTEMPORARY CHANGE SERIES I, CULTURE AND VALUES, VOL, 6 THE PLACE OF THE PERSON IN SOCIAL LIFE beh ea PAUL PEACHEY JOHN KROMKOWSKI GEORGE F, McLEAN THE COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN VALUES AND PHILOSOPHYCULTURAL HERITAGE AND CONTEMPORARY CHANGE SERIES I. CULTURE AND VALUES, VOL. 6 General Editor George F. McLean THE PLACE OF THE PERSON IN SOCIAL LIFE Edited by PAUL PEACHEY JOHN KROMKOWSKI GEORGE F. McLEAN THE COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN VALUES AND PHILOSOPHY ia ani HiCopyright® 1991 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy P.O. Box 261 Cardinal Station Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication The Place of the person in social life / edited by Paul Peachey, John Kromkowski, George F. McLean. p. cm. -- (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I, Culture and values ; vol. 6) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophical anthropology. 2. Persons. 3. Social structure. I. Peachey, Paul, 1918- . I. Kromkowski, John, 1939- . III. McLean, George F. IV. Title: Person in social life. V. Series. BD450.P5477 1991 128--dce20 91-58117 CIP ISBN 1-56518-013-5 ISBN 1-56518-012-7 (pbk.)THE COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN VALUES AND PHILOSOPHY S. Aveniri, Israel S. Lokuang, Taipei P. Balasubramaniam, India A. Lopez Quintas, Spain P. Bodunrin, Nigeria M. Markovic, Yugoslavia V. Cauchy, Canada H. Nasr, USA/Iran M. Chatterjee, India Ngwey Ngond'a Ndenge, Zaire R. De George, USA J. Nyasani, Kenya M. Dy, Philippines C. Pan, Singapore LT. Frolov, USSR Paulus Gregorios, India HG. Gadamer, BDR O. Pegoraro, Brazil A. Gallo, Guatemala C. Ramirez, Costa Rica K. Gyekye, Ghana P. Ricoeur, France P. Henrici, Italy M. Sastrapated ja, Indonesia J. Hoyos Vellez, Colombia J. Scannone, Argentina T. Imamichi, Japan K. Schmitz, Canada A. Irala Burgos, Paraguay V. Shen, Taipei J. Kellerman, Hungary W. Strozewski, Poland M. Kente, Tanzania Tang Yi-jie, Beijing R. Knowles, USA J. Teran-Dutari, Ecuador J. Ladriére, Belgium G. Tlaba, Lesotho P. Laleye, Senegal Wang Miao-yang, Shanghai H.D. Lewis, UK. N. Zevallos, Peru (Invited) George F. McLean, Secretary Cardinal Station, P.O. Box 261 Tel. 202/319-5636 Washington, D.C. 20064 Fax. 202/319-6089ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Deep appreciation is extended to the authors of this study whose generous effort and rich wisdom realized the investigation which this volume reflects. Acknowledgement is made to: the State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, New York 12246 for permission to reprint from Stephen F. Schneck, Person and Polis: Max Scheler's Per- sonalism as Political Theory, Copyright 1987. Appreciation is extended as well to Mrs. B. Kennedy and Mrs. Linda Perez for their work in preparing the manuscript, to the James A. McLeans for their support in the realization of this project, and The Catholic University of America for some support toward editing this volume,TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS v PREFACE: George F. McLean vii INTRODUCTION: Paul Peachey 1 PART I, PERSON Notions of Person and Personal Growth by George F. McLean, School of Philosophy, CUA, Washington, D.C. 2. Humanism and Freedom. by Ghia Nod. Tbilisi, USSR lon fa 3. Anthropological "Person"s, Some Methodological Turns 45 by Jon W. Anderson, Anthropology Dept., CUA N A} C : BLEM 4, Recovering from the Consequences of the Private Life 59 by John Kromkowski, Politics Dept., CUA 5. The Traditional Self ina Changing Society B by Richard A. Graham, Harvard Center for Moral Development ization of Societis 5 by Paul Peachey, Sociology Dept., CUA 7. The Person, Society and the State 99 by Bronius Kuzmickas, Academy of Sciences of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania, SSR 8. Max Scheler’s Personalism and Bourgeois Liberalism il by Stephen Schneck, CUA PART III. TRADITION AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MODERN SOCIETY 9. Hermeneutics and Heritage 133 by George F. Mclean. CUA 10. Africa: The Question of Identity 147 by Izu Marcel Onyeocha, Claretian Institute of Philosophy, Nigeria 11. Solidarity, Power and Democracy in Africa 165 by Atomate Epas-Ngan (Armand), The Catholic Faculties of Kinshasa, Zaire 12. Person and the Community 195, by Kaguongo Wambari, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenyaities and Rights: Tradition in Chinese Society 209 by Yang Fenggang, The People’s University of China, Beijing 14. The Intellectual’s Role in Social Change 225 by Osman Bilen, Dokuz Eylul University. Tamir, Turkey - PART IV, BUILDING A SOCIETY "Between? Per and Society 243 by Assen Davidov, University of Sofia, Bulgaria 16. Person, Work and Religious Tradition 259 by John Farrelly, DeSales School of Theology, Washington, D.C. 17. Judeo-Christian Values and the Ecological Crisis 269 by Dean R. Hoge, CUA 18. Person, Society and Education 279 by Amado I. Carandang, Dallas and the Philippines 19. International Migration to Washington: Conflict, Margination or Structural Integration 293° by Timothy Ready, CUA by Paul E. Murray, CUA be 1 ditaiien: Person-Community = 347 by Joseph Donders, Washington Theological Union, Washington, D.C. Bibliography 35) Index 38PREFACE In retrospect, it appears that the constant, pervasive theme of the last half century has been the progressive discovery and emancipation of the person in society. - In the 1940s World War II constituted an unprecedented human effort to break free from the repressive, depersonalizing and dehumaniz- ing forces of Fascism. - In the 1950s this was followed by an end to subordinate colonial status for other parts of the world. ~ In the 1960s the Second Vatican Council reformulated the self- understanding of the church in terms of the person and this was followed by an analogous, if more raucous, call for reshaping society by the stu- dents and workers in the streets of Paris. - The 1970s were characterized by the call for civil and minority rights and by a pervasive effort to expand participation in decision- making--whether in school, church, government or industry. - The 1980s concluded in Central and Eastern Europe with a vel- vet revolution which matched the overthrow of totalitarian Fascism by a dramatic rejection of communism. To achieve a deeper understanding of this dynamism of our times with a view to rediscovering the nature and place of the person in soci- ety and to making it possible creatively to rebuild social life for the XXIst century, a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary team of scholars joined in an extended project of cooperative research. The present vol- ume is the result of their work. To develop a vision of the place of the person in future social life required four steps which constitute the four parts of this volume. The first looks at the notion of the person (Part I), followed by studies on the problem of the place the person in society (Part II). These two sections constitute an analysis of the person-society problem in our time. To respond it is necessary to uncover the experience of the multiple cultural traditions and their resources of humane understanding (Part III), and to bring these forward for the task of social reconstruction (Part IV). Part I, concerning the person, begins with a study by G. McLean which analyzes the evolution of the notion of person through time from that of a particular role to that of a self-conscious and free subject. The person is seen as developing through a process coordinating values and virtues in a life that is correlatively and indivisibly both personal and communitary. G. Nodia shows how this process has received vital coor- dinates and impetus from modern enlightenment values and relates the present dilemma to the failure of philosophy adequately to ground and integrate these. This points to the need both for a deeper personal center and for a correlative absolute or transcendent; both of these must be protected from being discounted or reduced through human limitations. J. Anderson focuses upon the recent dilemmas of the contemporary mind as it searches adequately to conceptualize the related forms and struc- ture, and shows how these very dilemmas point to the deeper reality of the person as unique and free.