F A R

E A S T E R N

U N I V E R S I T Y

INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

PRE ENGINEERING BUILDINGS

Archt / EP. Charlie P. Bello

Submitted to:

Fineza, Ross Paulus V.

Submitted by:

AR34 / BGTECH 541

Section / Subject:

DEFINITION
Typically, a pre-engineered building is a metal building that consists of light gauge metal Standing seam roof panels on steel purlins spanning between rigid frames with light gauge metal wall cladding. It is a relatively flexible structure vs. conventional steel framed building. In other words, it has a much greater vertical and horizontal deflection.

a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a manufacturer to be fabricated using a predetermined inventory of raw materials and manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic design requirements. Within some geographic industry sectors these buildings are also called Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings (PEMB) or, as is becoming increasingly common due to the reduced amount of pre-engineering involved in custom computer-aided designs, simply Engineered Metal Buildings (EMB). Historically, the primary framing structure of a pre-engineered building is an assembly of I-shaped members, often referred as I beams. In pre-engineered buildings, the I beams used are usually formed by welding together steel plates to form the I section. The I beams are then field-assembled (e.g. bolted connections) to form the entire frame of the pre-engineered building. Some manufacturers taper the framing members (varying in web depth) according to the local loading effects. Larger plate dimensions are used in areas of higher load effects. Other forms of primary framing can include trusses, mill sections rather than three-plate welded, castellated beams, etc. The choice of economic form can vary depending on factors such as local capabilities (e.g. manufacturing, transportation, construction) and variations in material vs. labor costs. Typically, primary frames are 2D type frames (i.e. may be analyzed using two-dimensional techniques). Advances in computer-aided design technology, materials and manufacturing capabilities have assisted a growth in alternate forms of pre-engineered building such as the tension fabric building and more sophisticated analysis (e.g. three-dimensional) as is required by some building codes.

Pre-engineered buildings (PEB) steel parts are required to be installed in a specific order due to structural safety requirements and to the logical sequence of erection. Key materials brought in during each phase of the steel construction process are briefly described in order to model the existing steel construction processes. Then the whole steel construction processes of fabrication, shipping and erection are presented.

Steel Construction Process Overview

Preplanning and Fabrication
At an early stage, general contractor and steel supplier work together to discuss project site constraints. They also determine the steel erection sequence, which represents the order in which a zone or section of the structural steel frame is delivered and erected to improve the efficiency of loading, delivery, unloading, and erection. Based on the requirement of the general contractor master schedule, and the fabricator load schedule, the steel factory creates the fabrication and shipping schedule. A fabricator shop where PEB parts are being fabricated and the piece mark labeled on the steel members. All steel parts are numbered to correspond to a set of erection drawings which indicates the location of each piece.

Steel Shop Shipment and Unloading

Part Marks

A lot of time due to space limitation, the fabricated steel members can not be immediately shipped to the construction site, but they are stored in the storage yard according to erection sequence. Upon delivery to the jobsite, receiving and unloading of materials should take place as near as possible to the place of erection. The lay-down area should be clean and leveled. A 3-ton forklift truck is ideal for unloading, but a mobile crane is equally suitable. After unloading, shakeout of the steel member takes place. It involves organizing steels pieces on site so that they can be efficiently erected.

Unloading

Stakeout Part Marks

Steel Erection
The major components comprise of rigid frame, columns and rafter, eave struts, purlins, girts, flange braces, end-wall columns and bracing systems which may be cables, rods angles or portals. All materials for the first bay erection are prepared. The rafter sections required are identified by part number, and then assembled as near as possible to their lifting positions. Then the first four columns are erected at the braced bay, meanwhile the part number and orientation, and position over anchor bolts were verified. Next step is to position the crane for lifting the assembled rafter sections. the erection process as the columns are lowered carefully to be fixed on the anchor bolts. The last picture shows worker fixing purlins on the rafters.

Column Lowered

Fixing Column

Fixing Purlins on Rafters

GENERAL
The superstructure shall be designed by a certified engineer and fabricated by a preengineered manufacturer as a complete system. The foundation system shall be designed by an independent structural engineer who will be the engineer of record for the project. The engineer of record shall review and approve the pre-engineered manufacturers shop drawings.

ADVANTAGES
1. Fast erection 2. Low cost if choosing manufacturers standard package/inventory and no add-on 3. Open clear span 4. Can be easily expanded to grow with needs

DISADVANTAGES
1. Marginal design, material and construction 2. Not energy efficient 3. Higher lifetime maintenance 4. Not durable for long term use, generally last 10 to 15 years 5. May not include all construction/fit-up needed for the building to serve the intended purpose. 6. No secondary roof membrane 7. Usually no internal finished walls

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. All manufacturer drawings and design calculation shall bear the professional seal and signature of licensed professional engineers. 2. Roof system is very light (approx. 3 psf). Check the wind net uplift requirements for attachments of roof deck, roof structural members, anchorage of steel columns and column piers/footings. Pay special attention to net uplift force at the columns that are part of vertical cross-bracing frames. 3. Roof deck has little diaphragm capacity. Horizontal cross-bracing shall be provided on the roof plane in both directions. 4. If using standing seam metal roof deck with clip anchors, place the continuous row of screw anchors at the ridge, under the ridge flashing. 5. Pay special care to the flashing at valley and intersections of roof. 6. Check roof structural members for surcharge load due to snow drifting. 7. Provide portal frames and/or cross-bracing at side walls to properly stabilize the building. 8. Use pre-engineered frame at end walls and add wind columns as necessary in between the columns of pre-engineered frame. It should easily accommodate future expansion. 9. Provide horizontal ties such as tie rods or hairpins to resist outward thrust at the base of rigid frames column.

10. Foundation system including column piers/footings, tie rods/hairpins and anchor bolts must be checked against the forces calculated by pre-engineered manufacturer. 11. Provide and show the location of all collateral loads such as sprinklers, basketball goal, exhaust fan, under hung equipment, mechanical & electrical systems and ceilings. 12. Any field modifications of structural members shall be approved by pre-engineered building manufacturer and carried out under the supervision of engineer of record or a registered structural engineer. 13. Specify limitation of horizontal deflection/lateral drift of the pre-engineered frames if brick veneer and/or masonry wall are part of building enclosures and are supported laterally by girts. 14. To insure the quality of structural steel work, we recommend that pre-engineer manufacturer be AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) certified steel fabricator.

Reference:
http://www.cmaasc.org/pdfs/article_archives/pre-engineered_1i.pdf http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/PreEngineeredBuildings.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-engineered_building http://www.fedderslloyd.com/peb_key.html