CDSJDL

Global Warming Ozone Layer Green House Effect

Members: Banag, Lara Brigett Bermejo, Arielle Joy Manibog, Robertson Mendoza, May Ann Palentinos, Mary Cygne Nagum, Jeanina 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mr. Glen Mangali

Objectives of the Study

At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Understood global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer.
2.

Explain how to prevent and prepare in calamities caused by global warming. Know the good and bad effects of greenhouse gases to the environment.

3.

4. Know how important our ozone layer is. 5. Be more consistent in caring for our environment.

OVERVIEW
Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises). It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earths atmosphere, which increases the temperature. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere. Because it is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms, it has the chemical symbol O3. The word ozone is derived from the Greek word ozone, meaning to smell. Ozone has a pungent odor that allows it to be detected even in very low amounts. Ozone has a relatively low abundance. For every ten million air molecules, there are only three ozone molecules. Topics about global warming like causes and effects, examples and preventions are one of the main ideas in the study. Having knowledge about this events are important for us to be alarmed and prepared when it becomes severe and worst, as early as now, we should protect our environment so that we can live longer and better with no worries around us.

Outline of the Topic

A.Global Warming 1. Causes of Global Warming 2. Effects of Global Warming 3. How to Fight Global Warming B.Green House Effect 1. Definition of green house effect C.Ozone Layer 1. Definition 2. Importance of Ozone Layer 3. The Ozone Hole 4. Ozone Depletion 5. Ozone Depleting & Global Warming 6. How to Save The Ozone Layer

Palentinos, Mary Cygne Banag, Lara Brigett Banag, Lara Brigett Palentinos, Mary Cygne Mendoza, May Ann

Nagum, Jeanina Manibog,Robertson Bermejo, Arielle Joy Nagum, Jeanina Mendoza, May Ann Bermejo, Arielle Joy Manibog, Robertson

Global warming

Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises). It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earths atmosphere, which increases the temperature.

Causes of global warming

1.) Electrical pollution Examples: Turning on a light Watching T.V. Listening to a stereo Washing or drying clothes Using a hair dryer Riding in a car Heating a meal in the microwave Using an air conditioner Playing a video game Using a dish washer - Fossil fuels are burned to create electricity. Fossil fuels are made of dead plants and animals. Some examples of fossil fuels are oil and petroleum. Many pollutants (chemicals that pollute the air, water, and land) are sent into the air when fossil fuels are burned. Some of these chemicals are called greenhouse gasses.

2.) Transportation or Vehicles Petroleum, one of the sources of energy, is used a lot. It is used for transportation, making electricity, and making many other things. Although this source of energy gives off a lot of pollution. ] With our population growing at an alarming rate, the demand for more cars and consumer goods means that we are increasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation and manufacturing. Our consumption is outpacing our discoveries of ways to mitigate the effects, with no end in sight to our massive consumer culture. 3.) When we throw our garbage away The garbage goes to landfills. Landfills are those big hills that you go by on an expressway that stink. They are full of garbage. The garbage is then sometimes burned. This sends an enormous amount of greenhouse gasses into the air and makes global warming worse. -

4.) Deforestation

The use of forests for fuel (both wood and for charcoal) is one cause of deforestation, but in the first world, our appetite for wood and paper products, our consumption of livestock grazed on former forest land, and the use of tropical forest lands for commodities like palm oil plantations contributes to the mass deforestation of our world. Forests remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and this deforestation releases large amounts of carbon, as well as reducing the amount of carbon capture on the planet.

(Carbon dioxide is the air that our body lets out when we breathe. With fewer trees, it is harder for people to breathe because there is more CO2 in the air, and we dont breathe CO2, we breathe oxygen. Plants collect the CO2 that we breathe out, and they give back oxygen that we breathe in. With less trees and other plants, such as algae, there is less air for us, and more greenhouse gases are sent into the air. This means that it is very important to protect our trees to stop the greenhouse effect, and also so we can breathe and live. This gas, CO2, collects light and heat (radiant energy), produced by the sun, and this makes the earth warmer. )

5.) Increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands - In the last half of the 20th century, the use of chemical fertilizers (as opposed to the historical use of animal manure) has risen dramatically. The high rate of application of nitrogen-rich fertilizers has effects on the heat storage of cropland (nitrogen oxides have 300 times more heat-trapping capacity per unit of volume than carbon dioxide) and the run-off of excess fertilizers creates dead-zones in our oceans. In addition to these effects, high nitrate levels in groundwater due to over-fertilization are cause for concern for human health.

Effects of global warming

1.) 1. The lost of Great Barrier Reef

Great barrier Reef When the atmosphere of the earth is warmer or when our sky showers too much carbon dioxide downward, the influence would make loads of us upset. One of the species that respond the change of climate change for the first time is coral reefs. Coral reefs are sensitive species and when temperature around them is 2 degree higher, they would die. Scientists have predicted that in the next 20 years, Great Barrier Reef will lose his entire reef if the atmosphere stays warmer every year.

2.) Melting of Glaciers Theoretically, our planet has a schedule back to an Ice age and return to Interglacial period, the opposite of ice age, approximately every 4,000 decades up to 100,000 years. Global warming speeds up the shift of schedule and it would difficult earths species to adapt the change. Our ecosystem would pay the cost and that will hurt us all.

3.) Global warming is a like a knife. At one side, it turns some areas of the earth hotter or drier and turns other areas at the opposite direction wetter and colder. The impact will hurt all species that are not ready yet to life with such a drastic change.

4.) Maldives will be gone

Maldives Underwater illustration It is not a new fact that global warming raises our sea level. View things that are not so popular are it will drown London and New York, submerge 2,100 Indonesians islands from map, and will drown the flattest and lowest country in the face of the earth, Maldives, with all their gorgeous white sand beaches, resorts, and bamboo house

5.) Lost of Million species

Hungry Polar bear If global warming keeps moving in alarming rates, we would probably lost a million species that are now likely live in hunger. Polar bear is one of them. 6.) Mayor catastrophes

Global warming effect II

By 2100, if we did not slow our over-exploitations, our planet will boil us inside a 2-11 degree Fahrenheit atmosphere. This insignificant change will mastermind huge changes on our planet start from the lost of thousand coastal cities, refugee problems, food and drink problems, health problem and many more. It will probably be the end of days for all of us if we are health enough to live until that year. Examples: 1.) Amazon will turn to be a desert

Other factor that speeds up global warming effect is deforestation and one of the biggest victims of a massive deforestation is Amazon. If we continue deforest Amazon, by the year 2050, one of the largest tropical jungle will turn to be a new largest savannah in the world. Few decades later, sun will dry them and Amazon will turn to be a desert. 2.) Sahara Desert gets greener

Greener Sahara If Global warming is not slowing down, Sahara would probably greener and less violent than today. Recently, geographers, with the help of satellite, found that the surrounding areas of

Sahara desert get more rainfalls and, compare to view years ago, those areas are visually greener. If this condition is stable, view decades ahead, we would probably see more animals on Sahara and they do not have to wait dawn to hunt.

Global Warming in the Philippines and in the World How to Help Fight Global Warming and Climate Change Save on electricity and fuel 1. Save power by unplugging appliances that are not in use An unplugged electrical appliance or equipment still uses 25% of its usual power consumption. This act not only helps save on electricity, it also gives you some financial savings. 2. Use natural lighting whenever possible, close all the lights that are not in use. There are many establishments that pay a lot to install blinds, tints, shades, only to spend a lot again on lighting. Why not use natural light by installing clear windows, instead? Saves on power, saves on costs, and allows you to get a feel of the outside world even when you are ensconced in your office. 3. Whenever possible, walk. Walking (or biking) gives multitude of benefits it saves on fuel, it does not give you stress from traffic, does not give you headache on finding the perfect parking slot (and remembering where it is!), and is good for your health. 4. Save paper by printing only when necessary. A ton of paper helps preserve approximately 17 full grown trees. How much paper have you used lately? See the flash floods in the news? It might be because of all the paper you have printed on! 5. Segregate your waste. Studies show that a significant portion of solid waste are food waste which can be composted. Aside from this, there are also environmental groups who collect batteries, used cellphones, and the like for proper disposal. 6. Use your own personal cups and tumblers instead of plastic cups. Plastic cups take a loooong time to completely degrade (if they ever do), and while they are so convenient to use, they are really not helpful in preserving the earth. Besides, a Starbucks mug or tumbler is much more fashionable to use. 7. Whenever possible, use surface water instead of deepwells. Deepwells are only used when there is no surface water available. There is a logic to this, and it is because exhausted aquifers will replenish only less than one meter per year, that is, if there was space for it to absorb runoffs. In a much urbanized city where every inch of earth has been

covered by concrete, therefore blocking any possibility of absorption, this regeneration rate is close to nil. 8. Always turn off the faucet when not in use. Didnt Mommy always tell you to turn off the faucet when brushing your teeth? Leaving the faucet running for one minute alone amounts to about 9 liters of wasted water. That is not only an utter waste of precious resource, it also jacks up your water bill. 9. Always check you faucets for leaks or drips. Think of a water leak as an ever-running faucet. A small water leak could waste as much as 90 liters of water a week. If you can afford it and if your homes design permits it, better expose all your water pipes for easy leak detection in the future. 10. At least once in your life, plant a tree. Many flash floods happen as a result of denudation. Just think about it all the metropolis and central business districts used to be filled with trees in the past, then urbanization happened. Trees improve water quality because they slow and filter rain water, they also protect aquifers and watersheds, and most of all, they provide shade, making the immediate effects of global warming tolerable.

The earth in the past and the earth now

The earth in the past

The earth now

Carbon pollution is the main reason our planet is getting hotter, increasing the chances of weather disasters, drought and flood and hurting our health.

The Philippines ranks Third with a 24.32-percent disaster risk. Filipino scientists said the Philippines would get more rains in the coming years due to climate change. Pagasa also observed that the number of cooler days had decreased. This trend mirrors the experience of other countries in Southeast Asia, Pagasa said, as it predicted more rains in the Philippines in the coming decades.

"Most People said that when Global Warming Never Stops, The Manila and other city that is near the sea water will be drowned to the sea! Why? Because the Giant Ice Burgs continuously melt and the the sea level becomes higher than the normal. That't not the only problem. Ofcourse it will never be cool if Global Warming Continue."

We still Believe we can still do something, it's not too late. WAKE UP NOW & STOP GLOBAL WARMING!!!

The Greenhouse Effect

Our atmosphere is made up of different gases. As you learned, 78% nitrogen gas, 21% oxygen gas and the other 1% trace gases such as greenhouse gases. Three major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. These three gases act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, trapping in the heat. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.

Energy radiated by the sun changes to heat when it reaches Earth. Some of this heat is reflected back through the atmosphere, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, keeping our Earth warm. If we didn't have greenhouse gases in our atmophere the Earth would much colder. The greenhouse effect is good for the Earth. It keeps the Earth warm. One greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide. Too much carbon dioxide in the air though, is causing problems leading to global warming.

Scientists are very concerned with the dangers of Global warming. Global warming is caused by human activity such as pollution. Pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is causes too many greenhouse gases to enter our atmosphere. Then more heat gets trapped in the atmosphere and the Earth's temperature gets higher.. This will cause an average increase in the Earth's temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate. A warmer Earth may lead to the polar ice caps melting which could cause flooding, extreme weather conditions like hurricanes and changes in rainfall patterns.

~ Ozone Layer ~

What is Ozone?
Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere. Because it is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms, it has the chemical symbol O3. The word ozone is derived from the Greek word ozein, meaning to smell. Ozone has a pungent odor that allows it to be detected even in very low amounts. Ozone has a relatively low abundance. For every ten million air molecules, there are only three ozone molecules.

What is the Ozone Layer?

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone.

It is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere (just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere), from approximately 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi) above Earth.

The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the columnar density of ozone overhead, is named in his honor.

The thickness of the ozone layer varies by a large factor worldwide, being in general smaller near the equator and larger towards the poles. It also varies with season, being in general thicker during the spring and thinner during the autumn in the northern hemisphere.

The ozone layer absorbs 9799% of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light which potentially damages exposed life forms on Earth.

Importance of Ozone Layer

Although ozone represents only a small fraction of the gas present in the atmosphere, it plays a vital role by shielding humans and other life from harmful ultraviolet light from the Sun. Damage to ozone layer will naturally mean the entry of harmful rays into the atmosphere. Without the ozone layer, there will be no life on earth.

The Ozone Hole

The ozone hole is not a literal hole in the atmosphere. It refers to the thinning of the ozone layer, or the loss of the blocking effect of ozone against ultraviolet rays. This allows the entry of greater concentrations of UV-B putting all life forms at risk. The ozone hole was first observed over the Antarctic area in the early 1980s. Antarctic ozone depletion is seasonal, occurring primarily in late winter and spring (August-November). As of September 2008, the size of the ozone hole is about 27 million square kilometers which is almost as big as North America.

1985
(about 12 million square km)

1990
(about 20 million square km)

1996
(about 23 million square km)

2000
(about 28.4 million square km)

2005
(22 million square km)

Below is the table of geographic areas to be used as references in conceptualizing just how large the ozone hole can get.

Following are referable areas: Australia United States Europe Antarctic Russia North America Africa S. Pole to 70 S 8,923,000 Sq Km 9,363,130 Sq Km 10,498,000 Sq Km 13,340,000 Sq Km 17,078,000 Sq Km 25,349,000 Sq Km 30,335,000 Sq Km 15,300,000 Sq Km

Source: NOAA Climate Prediction Center

Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion allows the entry of harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun, which is the primary source of ultraviolet radiation. There are three categories of UV: UV-A wavelengths (320-400 nm) are only slightly aff ected by ozone levels. Most UV-A radiation is able to reach the earths surface and can contribute to tanning, skin aging, eye damage, and immune suppression. UV-B wavelengths (280-320 nm) are strongly aff ected by ozone levels. Decreases in stratospheric ozone mean that more UV-B radiation can reach the earths surface, causing sunburns, snow blindness, immune suppression, and a variety of skin problems including skin cancer and premature aging. UV-B is harmful. UV-C wavelengths (100-280 nm) are very strongly aff ected by ozone levels, so that the levels of UV-C radiation reaching the earths surface are relatively small. UV-C is lethal.

The depletion of the ozone layer is caused by certain man-made chemicals called ozone-depleting substances or ODS.

What are ODS and what are their uses?

ODS or ozone-depleting substances are man-made compounds containing chlorine and bromine that have the potential to react with ozone molecules in the stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbon or CFC is the most widely used ODS in the country because of its widespread applications in homes, industries and the servicing sector. They are used as cooling agent in refrigerators, freezers and air-conditioners, as propellant in spray cans, aerosols and metered-dose inhalers, solvents in computer and electronic circuits, blowing agents for making foam and other industrial applications.

How do Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) destroy ozone molecules?

ODS released to the atmosphere set off a complex chain reaction that leads to the destruction of ozone molecules. The process sets into motion a continuing cycle that results in the destruction of ozone. One chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can destroy up to a hundred thousand ozone molecules.

The Ozone Hole

Ozone Depletion and Global Warning

When the Suns energy heats the surface, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat in the earth. This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect. Global warming is the increase in the earths temperature caused by excessive greenhouse gases. Global warming causes changes in climate which may lead to changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in sea level and a wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife and humans. Ozone depletion, on the other hand, allows the entry of the suns UV-B to reach the earths surface. Ozone depletion is not the principal cause of global warming. The heat generated from ozone depletion and global warming are different. CFC and HCFC are examples of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) which are also greenhouse gases at the same time. Thus, CFC and HCFC cause ozone depletion and global warming. Other greenhouse gases include: water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3), perfl uorinated carbons (PFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Can the ozone layer be saved?

YES!
By stopping the production and use, and by proper handling of CFCs, methyl bromide, and other ODS, the ozone layer can be saved. The ozone molecules making up the ozone layer are created and destroyed in a natural cycle. A balance in the cycle has been maintained for millions of years and was only disturbed by the release of ODS in the atmosphere beginning 1930s. It is important to know that once ODS are phased out, the ozone layer will slowly repair itself. People can help save the ozone layer by patronizing products and services that do not use ODS. Here are some tips on how individuals can be ozone-friendly: a. Stop using ODS! Patronize ODS alternatives or substitutes. b. Check the labels of consumer goods, and make sure that you buy products that are CFC-free or ozone-friendly. c. For those with asthma, choose CFC-free metered-dose inhalers (MDI). d. d. Have your home and car air-conditioner and refrigerators serviced at shops accredited by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). This ensures that they have the tools, equipment and certified technician for environment-friendly servicing. e. If your air-conditioner or refrigerator still runs on CFC-12 as a refrigerant, have it retrofitted or converted to an ODS-free system in a DTI-accredited shop.

The Montreal Protocol

The alarming rate of ozone depletion has led developed and developing countries to draw up an agreement known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer on 16 September 1987. As of March 2009, this agreement binds 194 member countries to take immediate steps towards ODS phaseout. The Philippines signed the Montreal Protocol on September 14, 1988 and ratified it on March 21, 1993. The Philippine Ozone Desk (POD) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) is the national coordinator of programs for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. It is also known as the countrys National Ozone Unit (NOU). The Philippines commitment to the Montreal Protocol is to phase out its consumption of all ODS. The Montreal Protocol defines consumption as production plus import minus export. Since the Philippines is neither a producer nor an exporter of ODS, its consumption is equal to its importation. As part of its monitoring and regulatory function, it has been charged with the issuance of clearances for all ODS importations. The pesticide methyl bromide is

monitored/controlled by the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) of the Department of Agriculture (DA).

Questions: ___B___1.) A phenomenon when atmospheric greenhouse gases like water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining in the earth. A. B. C. D. Global Warming Ozone Depletion Green House Effect Ozone Layer

___A___2.) It is caused by excessive green house gases. A. B. C. D. Global Warming Ozone Depletion Green House Effect Ozone Layer

___B___3.) The primary source of ultraviolet radiation which allows the entry of harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun. A. B. C. D. Ozone Layer Global Warming Ozone Depletion Green House Effect

___A___4.) It is caused by certain man-made chemicals containing chlorine and bromine that have the potential to react with ozone molecules in the stratosphere. A. B. C. D. Ozone depleting substances Ozone depleting molecules Ozone depleting Ozone chemicals

___C___5.) Excessive amount of this substabce can lead to global warming. A. Green House Gases B. Carbon Monoxide

C. Carbon Dioxide D. Oxygen

___C___6.) It refers to the thinning of the ozone layer, or the loss of the blocking effect of ozone against ultraviolet rays. A. B. C. D. Global Warming Pollution Ozone Holes Ozone Depletion

___A___7.) This gas collects light and heat produced by the sun, and makes the earth warmer. A. B. C. D. Carbon Dioxide Nitrous Oxide Methane Photosynthesis

___C___8.) Which statement is not included on the effects of Global Warming? A. B. C. D. More unpredictable farming condition on tropical areas. Loss of fertile coastal lands caused by rising sea levels. Decreasing frequency of weather extremes. Dramatic changes in distribution and quantities of fish and sea foods.

___B___9.) How many percent of nitrogen gas our atmosphere have? A. B. C. D. 99% 78% 50% 30%

___A___10.) It is burned to create electricity and is made up of dead animals and plants. A. B. C. D. Fossil Fuels Petroleum Garbage Water

TRUE OR FALSE ___False___11.) The summers are getting colder and our so-called summers are becoming warmer because of global warming. ___True___12.) Dengue fever is spreading much farther and faster around the country due to increased humidity caused by global warming. ___False___13.) Our shores will soon move farther by a meter or more each year because of global warming. ___True___14.) More places are affected in the Philippine islands and surrounding regions due to global warming. ___True___15.) People experience hunger because their crops were destroyed in natural disasters such as storms, floods, or heat because of global warming.